Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (25): 5469-5477.doi: 10.12307/2025.531

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Major histocompatibility complex regulates immune responses in Parkinson’s disease

Guan Mengya1, 2, Ren Binbin2, Wang Jingying1   

  1. 1School of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; 2First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2024-05-20 Accepted:2024-07-08 Online:2025-09-08 Published:2024-12-30
  • Contact: Ren Binbin, MD, Master’s supervisor, Chief physician, First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Guan Mengya, Master candidate, School of Rehabilitation, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, Henan Province, China; First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance and Innovation Talent Project (Zhongjing Project), No. CZ0325-10 (to RBB); 2022 Henan Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Top Talent Training Special Project, No. 2022ZYBJ09 (to RBB)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The immune response is strongly associated with the pathological development of Parkinson’s disease. Studies have shown that the major histocompatibility complex plays a key role in immune response.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the mechanism of major histocompatibility complex regulation of immune response and the effect on the pathological marker α-synuclein of Parkinson’s disease. 
METHODS: “Parkinson’s disease, the major histocompatibility complex, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, microglia, T cell, B cell, α-syn, inflammation, MHC-I, MHC-II” were used as search terms to search the literature in PubMed database. Finally, 92 articles were included for reading analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Congenital immune response is involved in the occurrence and development of Parkinson’s disease, and the change of microglia’s pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes may aggravate the degenerative changes of Parkinson’s disease. (2) The phenotype and function of T cells are related to the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Regulatory T cells promote the activation of anti-inflammatory microglia and inhibit Th subgroup. B-cell-mediated humoral immunity can clear pathological α-synuclein, and its specific mechanism needs further study. (3) The major histocompatibility complex is closely related to the occurrence of innate and adaptive immunity, and thus affects the inflammation of Parkinson’s disease. (4) α-Synuclein can regulate the activation of microglia and the expression of major histocompatibility complex, which leads to inflammatory changes in Parkinson’s disease. (5) α-Synuclein is closely related to the immune response of Parkinson’s disease and has become an important target for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.   

Key words: Parkinson’s disease, major histocompatibility complex, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, microglia, T cell, B cell, α-synuclein, inflammation

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