Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1913-1922.doi: 10.12307/2025.160

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Hot issues and application prospects of small molecule drugs in treatment of osteoarthritis

Yu Shuai, Liu Jiawei, Zhu Bin, Pan Tan, Li Xinglong, Sun Guangfeng, Yu Haiyang, Ding Ya, Wang Hongliang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Trauma, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2024-02-02 Accepted:2024-03-16 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2024-10-11
  • Contact: Wang Hongliang, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Trauma, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China Ding Ya, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Trauma, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Yu Shuai, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Trauma, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China Liu Jiawei, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, Joint and Trauma, Fuyang People’s Hospital, Bengbu Medical University, Fuyang 236000, Anhui Province, China Yu Shuai and Liu Jiawei contributed equally to this article.
  • Supported by:
    “Medical Innovation Fund” Project of Anhui Spine Malformation Clinical Medical Research Center in 2022, No. AHJZJX-GG2022-003 (to WHL); Scientific Research Fund Project of Anhui Medical University in 2022, No. 2022xkj084 (to DY); Scientific Research Project of Bengbu Medical University in 2022, No. 2022byzdl70 (to ZB); The Second Batch of Scientific Research Project Plan of Bengbu Medical University in 2020, No. 2020byzd352 (to PT) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Various proteins, signaling pathways, and inflammatory mediators are involved in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis. The development of small molecule drugs targeting these proteins, signaling pathways, and inflammatory mediators can effectively delay the progression of osteoarthritis and ameliorate its clinical manifestations.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis based on the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. 
METHODS: PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases were searched with English search terms “osteoarthritis, arthritis, osteoarthrosis, degenerative, arthritides, deformans, small molecule drugs, small molecule inhibitors, small molecule agents” and Chinese search terms “osteoarthritis, small molecule drugs, small molecule inhibitors.” A total of 68 articles were included for review according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Currently, studies concerning the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis remain unclear. The occurrence and development of osteoarthritis are strongly associated with proteins, cytokines, and signal transduction pathways, so its therapeutic mechanism is relatively complex. Currently, targeting proteins, cytokines, and signal transduction pathways related to osteoarthritis with small molecule drugs has become a major research focus. (2) Small molecule drugs frequently possess visible intracellular or extracellular targets and efficacy, containing enhancing cartilage repair, resisting joint degradation, attenuating inflammation, and relieving pain. Other anti-osteoarthritis small molecule drugs have shown promise in promoting stem cell chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage matrix reconstruction. (3) At present, small molecule drugs targeting the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis to delay the progression of osteoarthritis are still in the experimental stage, but most of these small molecule drugs have shown the expected results in the experimental process, and there are no relevant studies to illustrate the efficacy of small molecule drugs in the treatment of osteoarthritis. (4) Small molecule drugs for the treatment of osteoarthritis have reached the expected experimental results in the basic experimental stage. Numerous studies have exhibited that small molecule drugs can target the suppression of specific proteins, cytokines, and signal transduction pathways that cause osteoarthritis, so as to treat osteoarthritis. Nevertheless, its safety and effectiveness still need to be identified by further basic and clinical studies. This process needs to be investigated and studied by more scholars. (5) At present, many scholars in and outside China have made contributions to the treatment of osteoarthritis. Compared with traditional treatment methods, small molecule drugs reveal better efficacy and safety in the basic experimental stage, and it is expected to become an emerging method for the treatment of osteoarthritis in the future to rid patients of pain.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: osteoarthritis, degenerative osteoarthropathy, protein, cytokine, signal transduction pathway, targeted therapy, inflammation, cartilage repair, small molecule drug, review

CLC Number: