Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 2822-2831.doi: 10.12307/2025.044

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Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in spinal cord injury

Wang Peigeng1, Ye Dongping1, 2   

  1. 1Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-25 Accepted:2024-03-09 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2024-09-12
  • Contact: Ye Dongping, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Peigeng, Master candidate, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 202102010111 (to YDP)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the study of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury has provided new insights into cellular and molecular heterogeneity as well as structural changes in the central nervous system after trauma.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury, comprehensively and deeply expound the application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury. 
METHODS: A computerized system was used to search the articles published from 2009 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases with the Chinese and English search terms of “single-cell RNA sequencing, spinal cord injury, sequencing technology.” Articles with poor quality, repetitive content, and non-relevance were excluded, and 57 articles were finally included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the research of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury can be summarized as follows: (1) Cell subsets such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, macrophages, B cells, neurons, and neural stem cells were identified, and specific marker genes of these subsets were identified. (2) Microglia remain permanently active after spinal cord injury and coordinate the early stages after spinal cord injury through proliferation, immunity, and homeostatic function. Astrocytes play many important functions in spinal cord injury in an activated manner, including maintaining microenvironment balance, removing necrotic tissue, forming a protective barrier, and glial scars. Both macrophages and microglia play an important role in chronic neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury. (3) Neural stem cells and neuronal subsets can self-renew after spinal cord injury. Newly discovered neuronal subsets such as SCVsx2:: Hoxa7: Zfhx3 → lumbar and SCVsx2: Hoxa10 can regenerate to natural targets and facilitate the recovery of motor function. (4) The discovery of dynamic changes in cell subsets improves our understanding of the course of spinal cord injury lesions and provides new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points. Up to now, more basic research and sufficient clinical experiments are needed to validate the results of single-cell RNA sequencing in these studies. In the future, single-cell RNA sequencing technology is expected to open a new window for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury by interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics, computer science, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine.

Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, spinal cord injury, sequencing technology, sequencing analysis, molecular subtype, marker gene, cellular heterogeneity, glial cell, neural stem cell, neuron

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