Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 643-649.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2203

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Antineoplastic mechanism of antimicrobial peptides: selective membrane destruction and non-membrane dissolution 

Gong Lei1, Zhang Xi2   

  1. 1Department of Esophageal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Clinical Medical Research Center of Malignant Tumor; 2Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University
  • Received:2019-06-15 Revised:2019-06-19 Accepted:2019-08-15 Online:2020-02-08 Published:2020-01-07
  • Contact: Zhang Xi, MD, Lecturer, Stomatology Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
  • About author:Gong Lei, MD, Attending physician, Department of Esophageal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Tianjin Clinical Medical Research Center of Malignant Tumor, Tianjin 300060, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81501798 and 81501994; the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin, No. 18JCYBJC95700; the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation-Excellent Surgery Foundation, No. 320.2730.1886

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides, an extract from nature, are a basic component of host immunity that make toxic effect on highly proliferative cells. They have attracted extensive attention of scientists. The understanding of the antineoplastic mechanism of antimicrobial peptides can contribute to its application in clinical practice.  

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research advances in antineoplastic mechanism of antimicrobial peptides.

METHODS: The first author conducted a computer-based retrieval of PubMed, Springerlink, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases for relevant articles published from January 2015 to May 2019. The keywords were “antimicrobial, peptide, antitumor mechanisms, antitumor activity and anti-neoplastic”. The articles concerning antineoplastic mechanism of antimicrobial peptides and research progress were selected.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cationic antimicrobial peptides synthesized by ribosomes and the host defense peptides can interact with the membrane of bacteria, which showed a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Compared with normal cells, the proportion of phosphatidylserine on the surface of cancer cells, which is negatively charged, is increased dramatically. As a result, the cationic amphiphilic peptides are good candidate for the antineoplastic drugs, and possess a high selectivity. There are two major antitumor mechanism of antimicrobial peptides, which are selective membrane destruction and non-membrane dissolution (α-defensin-1 and lactoferrin B). The clinical application of antimicrobial peptides against tumors is mainly restricted by their stability and the ways to administration. By optimizing its structure and drug delivery systems, these antimicrobial peptides will play a critical role in the cancer treatment.

Key words: antimicrobial peptides, antineoplastic mechanism, antitumor peptides, peptides synthesized by nonribosomes, peptides synthesized by ribosomes, defensin, lactoferrin, cecropin

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