Three-dimensional finite element analysis of three-dimensional printed personalized orthodontic appliances for vertical movement of single teeth

doi:10.12307/2025.431

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Based on the principle of vertical tooth movement, a personalized orthodontic appliance is created through digital design combined with 3D printing, so that the personalized orthodontic appliance forms a support system with the individual incisors. With the help of the absolute support of the micro-implant, the single tooth is precisely controlled in a three-dimensional direction.

OBJECTIVE: To design personalized orthodontic appliances with 11, 12, 21, and 22 intrusion and extrusion based on biomechanical principles, and analyze the safety of the personalized orthodontic appliances in terms of their movement effect on the teeth by means of the three-dimensional finite element method.

METHODS: Three-dimensional finite element models of alveolar bone-periodontium-maxillary incisors-personalized cantilever micro-implant-connecting plates-personalized brackets in the maxillary anterior region (teeth numbers 11, 12, 21, and 22) were established using Mimics, Geomagic Wrap, SolidWorks, and Ansys Workbench software, respectively. Personalized orthodontic appliances with low pressure movement and extended movement were set up at each tooth position. The stress level of each component of the personalized orthodontic appliances was analyzed, and the tooth displacement and periodontal stress distribution were calculated under loading of 300 g tensile or thrust force.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum equivalent force on the personalized intrusion mobile orthodontic appliance was 162.90 MPa, and the maximum equivalent force on the personalized extrusion mobile orthodontic appliance was 239.57 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress on both devices was located in the vertical portion of the personalized bracket loading attachment. The equivalent stresses on each part of the personalized orthodontic appliance were all within the yield strength, and they had good safety. (2) The initial displacement of the teeth under the action of the personalized orthodontic appliances showed a tendency towards overall intrusion or extrusion, with the displacement in the vertical direction far exceeding that in the horizontal and sagittal directions. The equivalent stress peak appeared at the root tip or neck of the periodontal membrane, and the equivalent stress concentration area appeared in the periodontal membrane of the root apical region. (3) The results show that the personalized orthodontic appliance allows 11, 12, 21, and 22 to approximate either intrusion movement or extrusion movement, initially confirming the effectiveness of the personalized vertical movement orthodontic appliance.

Key words: 3D printed personalized orthodontic appliances, single rooted tooth, intrusion movement, extrusion movement, three-dimensional finite element analysis, anchorage, biomechanics

CLC Number:

Cao Yilin, Wang Xinyu, Zhuang Yan, Wang Yaru Jiang Zhixiu, Liu Danyu, Men Jiuxu, Ding Yuansheng. Three-dimensional finite element analysis of three-dimensional printed personalized orthodontic appliances for vertical movement of single teeth[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(16): 3360-3368.

Figures/Tables 5

2.2 个性化正畸装置对牙齿的移动作用各组模型牙齿初始总位移趋势如图7A所示。在压低装置作用下，模型中牙齿位移趋势近似表现为沿着牙长轴向根尖方向的压低移动，位移最大区域为牙齿唇侧中部，位移最小区域为牙齿腭侧中部。在伸长装置作用下，模型中牙齿位移趋势近似表现为沿着牙长轴向切端方向的伸长移动，位移最大区域为唇侧中部，位移最小区域为腭侧中部。在施加相同大小的作用力下，个性化压低移动正畸装置对牙齿的压低移动较个性化伸长移动正畸装置对牙齿的伸长移动作用效果明显，对侧切牙的移动效果较中切牙明显。各组模型中牙齿水平方向上位移如图7B所示。在压低装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠与牙根初始位移均表现为向右移动；在伸长装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠与牙根初始位移均表现为向左移动。在两种个性化正畸装置作用下牙齿的水平方向上位移趋势相反。个性化压低移动正畸装置较个性化伸长移动正畸装置对牙齿在水平方向上的位移作用更显著。各组模型中牙齿矢状方向上位移如图7C所示。在压低装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠初始位移表现为向唇侧移动，牙齿的牙根初始位移表现为向腭侧移动，牙齿有逆时针旋转的趋势；在伸长装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠初始位移表现为向腭侧移动，牙齿的牙根初始位移表现为向唇侧移动，牙齿有顺时针旋转的趋势。在两种个性化正畸装置作用下牙齿的矢状方向上位移趋势相反。各组模型中牙齿垂直方向上位移如图7D所示。在压低装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠与牙根初始位移均表现为压低趋势，位移最大区域为唇侧中部，位移最小区域为腭侧中部；在伸长装置作用下，模型中牙齿的牙冠与牙根初始位移均表现为伸长趋势，位移最大区域为唇侧中部，位移最小区域为腭侧中部。模型中牙齿在压低装置作用下垂直方向上的位移较伸长装置作用下明显，对侧切牙在垂直方向上的位移较中切牙明显。通过表4可知，模型中牙齿在垂直方向上产生的位移最大，其次是矢状方向，水平方向上产生的位移最小。各组模型水平、矢状、垂直方向的冠根位移差趋势，见图7E，可知牙齿在矢状方向上产生的位移差远大于其他2个方向上牙齿产生的位移差，牙齿在垂直方向上产生的冠根位移差最小。"

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