Changes in biomechanical characteristics of children’s lower limbs during visual deprivation and dual tasks

doi:10.12307/2022.504

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Human balance and control depend on the coordination of the inner ear vestibular system, proprioceptors and visual system, and the central nervous system. However, when a person is visually deprived or dual cognitive tasks, it will cause changes in neural control and sensory integration, and then change lower limb balance control ability and movement control strategy.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the biomechanical changes of the legs in stair descendent of different visual inputs and cognitive tasks so as to reveal action mechanism, thus preventing and avoiding accidents of children falling off stairs in descending stairs.
METHODS: Twenty students from grades 3-6 of the Primary School Attached to Southwest University were volunteered to participate in the research (n=5 for each grade). The biomechanical parameters of participants in stair descendent of different visual inputs and cognitive tasks were collected with such test tools as JVC9800 high-speed video camera of kinematics, BIOFORCEN dynamic balance training assessment system of dynamics, and JE-TB0810 eight-channel electromyogram tester of surface electromyography.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The angle of the knee joint and the ankle joint with eyes closed and double tasks was obviously larger than that with eyes open and single task (P < 0.05), while the center of gravity was in the lowest level, the angle of the ankle joint with eyes closed and double tasks was obviously larger than that with eyes open and single task (P < 0.05). (2) The lengthways displacement root mean square of center of pressure, transverse displacement root mean square of center of pressure, length of swing trajectory of center of pressure and the enveloping surface of center of pressure with eyes open and double tasks were all smaller than those with eyes closed (P < 0.05). (3) The average electromyogram amplitude standardization parameter and activation length of the biceps femoris, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and medial head of gastrocnemius with eyes closed and double tasks were significantly smaller than those with eyes open and single task during the first 200 ms prior to touching the steps (P < 0.05); while the average electromyogram amplitude standardization parameter of the tibialis anterior and medial head of gastrocnemius during the buffer period with eyes closed and double tasks were significantly smaller than those with eyes open and single task (P < 0.01). (4) It is concluded that the visual deprivation and double tasks in stair descendent will both block the information transmission of the central nervous system, influence the adjustment of body position and the activation of leg muscles, and further affect children’s balance control and gait steadily and increase their risk of falling off the stairs. However, the influence of visual deprivation to children’s balance control is significantly higher than that of the double tasks. The changes on balance control are caused by visual deprivation. The block of information transmission in the central nervous system will influence children’s cognitive choice, making them pay more attention on walking behaviors instead of cognitive operations.

Key words: visual deprivation, cognitive tasks, kinematics, balance control, electromyography

CLC Number:

Ouyang Yiyi, Peng Jie, Wang Kun, Zhang Tingran, Luo Jiong. Changes in biomechanical characteristics of children’s lower limbs during visual deprivation and dual tasks[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2022, 26(12): 1834-1842.

Figures/Tables 8

不同视觉输入及不同认知任务下阶梯显著影响支撑期压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积(均P < 0.05)。关联效应η2值表明，视觉的影响力大于认知任务的影响力(0.71 > 0.40，0.44 > 0.20，0.76 > 0.51)。进一步经独立样本t检验发现，睁眼状况下的压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积显著小于闭眼状况下的压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积(t=-5.92， -3.69， -5.63，均P < 0.01)，单一任务下的压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积显著小于双重任务下的压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积(t=-2.45， -2.27，-3.17，均P < 0.05)。不同视觉及不同认知任务对支撑期压力中心前后向位移均方根、摆动总轨迹长度、95%置信椭圆面积不存在交互影响作用(P > 0.05)，详见表4。 2.5 不同视觉输入及不同认知任务下阶梯着板腿肌电特征比较 2.5.1 前脚掌触板前下肢主要肌群预激活时间特征比较不同视觉输入及不同认知任务下阶梯显著影响股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间长短(均P < 0.05)。关联效应η2值表明，视觉的影响力大于认知任务的影响力(0.42 > 0.39，0.32 > 0.24，0.48 > 0.25，0.50 > 0.31)。进一步经独立样本t检验发现，睁眼状况下的股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间显著大于闭眼状况下的股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间(t=3.72，3.06，3.23，3.19，均P < 0.05)，单一任务下的股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间显著大于双重任务下的股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间(t=3.14，2.23，2.48，2.74，均P < 0.05)。不同视觉及不同认知任务对股二头肌、股直肌、胫骨前肌、内侧腓肠肌预激活时间不存在交互影响作用(P > 0.05)，详见表5。"

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