Degeneration of injured intervertebral disk affected by anterior longitudinal ligament destruction

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.11.005

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The spinal instability would accelerate the degeneration of normal disk. The injuries of anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and intervertebral disk were usually caused by cervical trauma, which leaded to spinal instability. Currently, there were few animal researches about the degeneration of injured intervertebral disk affected by ALL destruction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degeneration of injured intervertebral disk after spinal instability in the rabbit model of different degrees of ALL and disc destruction.

METHODS: A total of 24 New-Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into intervertebral disk injury group (Group A, n=6), partial injury of ALL with disc injury group (Group B, n=6), injury of bony attachment point of ALL with disc injury group (Group C, n=6) and entirely injury of ALL with disc injury group (Group D, n=6). The L₂-L₃ intervertebral disk and ALL were injured through abdominal cavity. Different groups received different treatments. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the injured disc were performed at the postoperative 4 and 8 weeks, and the middle high of injured discs was calculated on CT sagittal reconstruction. Three rabbits were selected from each group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of injured disc was performed after the animals were killed. Results were examined under the light microscope.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) At postoperative 4 weeks, the middle height of injured discs in Group D was decreased significantly compared with Group A (P < 0.05). There were hyperosteogeny and calcification in Group C and Group D. There were nucleus pulposus cells reduction and inflammatory reaction in Group C and Group D on histological staining. (2) At postoperative 8 weeks, the middle height of injured discs respective was decreased significantly compared with Group A (P < 0.05). The hyperosteogeny and calcification became clearer in Group C and Group D than before. There were morphologic changes of nucleus pulposus cells and fibrillation by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the degree of disc degeneration was Group D > Group C > Group B > Group A. (3) In conclusion, the injury of ALL would accelerate the degeneration of correspondingly injured disk, and the degree of injury of ALL was positively correlated with the degeneration of disk.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

Key words: Anterior Longitudinal Ligaments, Intervertebral Disk, Spine, Tissue Engineering

CLC Number:

R318

Sun Xin, Jin Wen-jie, Shen Kang-ping, Liu Xing-zhen. Degeneration of injured intervertebral disk affected by anterior longitudinal ligament destruction[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2017, 21(11): 1664-1668.

Figures/Tables 2

References

[1] Yoganandan N, Cusick J, Pintar FA, et al. Whiplash injury determination with conventional spine imaging and cryomicrotomy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2001; 26(22): 2443-2448.

[2] 黄宗强,刘尚礼,郑召民.椎间失稳诱发椎间盘退变的病理学观察[J].中国矫形外科杂志,2007,15(5): 376-379.

[3] 叶添,陈雄生,贾连顺,等.颈椎前纵韧带损伤的诊断与治疗[J].中华创伤骨科杂志,2008,10(7): 643-636.

[4] 吉立新,谢文贵,高鹏飞, 等.颈椎前纵韧带及椎间盘损伤的影像学诊断[J].中国骨与关节外科,2009, 2(1): 30-34.

[5] 程杰平,马洪顺,褚怀德.人颈椎前纵韧带生物力学特性实验研究[J].医用生物力学.2004,19(4):221-223.

[6] Rizzolo SJ, Vaccaro AR，Cotler JM. Cervical spine trauma. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994; 19 (20):2228-2298.

[7] Lifeso RM, Colucci MA. Anterior fusion for rotationally unstable cervical spine fractures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 25(16): 2028-2034.

[8] Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, et al. Anterior longitudinal ligament injuries in whiplash may lead to cervical instability. Med Eng Phys. 2006; 28(6): 515-524.

[9] Maeda T, Ueta T, Mori E, et al. Soft-tissue damage and segmental instability in adult patients with cervical spinal cord injury without major bone injury. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012; 37(25): E1560-1566.

[10] Michalek AJ, Iatridis JC. Height and torsional stiffness are most sensitive to annular injury in large animal intervertebral discs. Spine J. 2012; 12(5): 425-432.

[11] Takeuchi T, Abumi K, Shono Y, et al. Biomechanical role of the intervertebral disc and costovertebral joint in stability of the thoracic spine. A canine model study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1999; 24(14): 1414-1420.

[12] Lipson SJ, Muir H. Proteoglycans in experimental intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1981; 6(3): 194-210.

[13] Sobajima S, Kompel JF, Kim JS, et al. A slowly progressive and reproducible animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by MRI, X-ray, and histology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005; 30(1):15-24.

[14] Kim KS, Yoon ST, Li J, et al. Disc degeneration in the rabbit: a biochemical and radiological comparison between four disc injury models. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005; 30(1): 33-37.

[15] Chan DD, Khan SN, Ye X, et al. Mechanical deformation and glycosaminoglycan content changes in a rabbit annular puncture disc degeneration model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011; 36(18):1438-1445.

[16] Mwale F, Ciobanu I, Giannitsios D, et al. Effect of oxygen levels on proteoglycan synthesis by intervertebral disc cells. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2011; 36(2): E131-138.

[17] Adams MA, Freeman BJ,Morrison HP,et al.Mechanical initiation of intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000; 5(13):1625-1636.

[18] 林鸿宽,叶君健.纤维环损伤诱导兔椎间盘退变模型[J].解剖学杂志,2008, 31(5): 699-702.

[19] 崔运能,李绍林,周荣平,等. CT引导下经皮纤维环穿刺建立兔腰椎间盘退变模型[J].中国脊柱脊髓杂志,2014, 24(3): 234-243.

[20] Moon CH, Jacobs L, Kim JH, et al. Quantitative proton T2 and sodium magnetic resonance imaging to assess intervertebral disc degeneration in a rabbit model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012; 37(18): E1113-1119.

[21] Zhou RP, Zhang ZM, Wang L, et al. Establishing a disc degeneration model using computed tomography-guided percutaneous puncture technique in the rabbit. J Surg Res. 2013; 181(2): e65-74.

[22] Xin L, Zhang C, Zhong F, et al. Minimal invasive annulotomy for induction of disc degeneration and implantation of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) plugs for annular repair in a rabbit model. Eur J Med Res. 2016; 21: 7.

[23] 黄宗强,刘尚礼,郑召民.关节突关节失稳致兔椎间盘退变的分子生物学评价[J].基础医学与临床, 2007, 27(9): 970-974.

[24] 林曦,叶君健.骨形态发生蛋白2对退变椎间盘组织学和Ⅰ,Ⅱ型胶原的影响[J].中国组织工程研究,2013,17(43): 7501-7506.

[25] 黄宗强,刘尚礼,郑召民.椎间失稳诱发椎间盘退变的超微结构改变[J].中国临床解剖学杂志, 2008, 26(2): 185-188.

[26] 黄河,李宁宁,胡朝晖,等.纤维环穿刺法与腰椎失稳法建立椎问盘退变模型[J].中国现代医生, 2011,49(16): 22-24.

[27] 戴力扬. 颈椎椎间盘退行性改变与颈椎不稳[J]. 中华外科杂志, 1999,37(3): 180-182.

[28] 金文杰,陶海荣,刘兴振,等.无骨折脱位颈椎外伤后迟发性神经损伤的诊治[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志, 2014,29(5): 417-419.