Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (26): 4211-4216.doi: 10.12307/2021.123

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Animal models of femoral head necrosis: classification and application

Wei Wei1, Lou Pengqiang1, Hou Decai2   

  1. 1Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-09-18 Published:2021-05-12
  • Contact: Hou Decai, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China E-mail:849800237@qq.com
  • About author:Wei Wei, MD candidate, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China Lou Pengqiang, Master candidate, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110032, Liaoning Province, China

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The development of a model of femoral head necrosis has been slow, and most studies have not elaborated the advantages and disadvantages of various animal models and optimal selection methods

OBJECTIVE: To explore the most suitable animal modeling methods and modeling ideas, summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each model, and point out the existing problems and solutions, providing basis and ideas for the subsequent research on femoral head necrosis.
METHODS: A search of CNKI, PubMed, and WanFang databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2009 to 2020 using the keywords of “osteonecrosis of the femoral head, animal model, osteoarthritis, collapse of the femoral head, trauma, corticosteroid, alcohol, liquid nitrogen” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, 55 eligible articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Common causes of femoral head necrosis include alcohol, hormones, and mechanical trauma. Among them, there is no vomiting reflex center in rats, which is more commonly used in alcohol-based modeling. The mechanism of hormone-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is still unclear, mainly including three hypotheses: fat metabolism disorder, intravascular coagulation and osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of hormone-induced modeling in animal experiments is similar to humans, and it can also reflect the pathological changes of femoral head necrosis in the advanced stage. After the trauma, the femoral head suffers subchondral fracture and local collapse caused blood circulation disorder, which causes ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. But in animal experiments, the pathogenesis of trauma in animals is different from that of humans. However, there are certain problems in various animal studies: (1) In the modeling of hormone-induced models, there is no unified standard for the selection and dosage of hormones, and the uncertainty of the site of model necrosis. (2) The freezing dog model is more popular in recent years, but it lacks mature and accurate operation methods. The uncertainty of the freezing range has a certain impact on the later stage of modeling. (3) The pathogenesis in most trauma models is different from human pathogenesis.
Key words: bone; femoral head necrosis; animal; model; alcohol; hormone; trauma; review

Key words: bone, femoral head necrosis, animal, model, alcohol, hormone, trauma, review

CLC Number: