Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2015, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (49): 8026-8031.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.49.027

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Effects of proanthocyanidins on free radical metabolism and apoptosis-related protein expression in rat splenocytes after heavy-load exercise

Li Yuan1, Liu Wen-jie2, Yang Ning1, Min Zhu1   

  1. 1Sport Science College of Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Graduate School of Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
  • Online:2015-11-30 Published:2015-11-30
  • About author:Li Yuan, Studying for master’s degree, Sport Science College of Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies have found that proanthocyanidins can inhibit cell apoptosis in cellular hypoxia and reoxygenation injury.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of proanthocyanidins on free radical metabolism and the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bcl-2, Fas, Bax in rat splenocytes after heavy-load exercise.
METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into placebo group and medication group. Rats in the medication group were intragastrically daily administered 15 mL/kg of proanthocyanidins solution. Rats in the placebo group were intragastrically administered equal amount of distilled water for 2 successive weeks. After 2 weeks of administration, rats in each group were evenly divided into three subgroups: static control group, immediately after exercise group, and 24 hours after exercise group. Rats in the 
immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise groups were subjected to heavy-load treadmill exercise at a
-10° gradient and at 20 m/min. The rats were sacrificed immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise. Rats in the static control group were directly sacrificed. Bcl-2, Bax, Fas protein expression in splenocytes, and superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde level in homogenate from spleen tissue were detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Superoxide dismutase activity was highest in the static control group, followed by the immediately after exercise group and lowest in the 24 hour after exercise group. The superoxide dismutase activity in the immediately after exercise and 24 hours after exercise groups was greater than that in the placebo group at the corresponding time phrases. (2) In the placebo group, malondialdehyde level immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise was higher than that in the static state. In the medication group, malondialdehyde level immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise were lower than that in the static state (P < 0.01). Malondialdehyde level immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise in the medication group was lower than in the placebo group
(P < 0.01). (3) Bcl-2 expression was increased immediately after exercise and decreased at 24 hours after exercise in both placebo and medication groups. Bcl-2 expression immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise in the medication group was higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.01). (4) Bax expression immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise in the placebo group was higher than in the static state (P < 0.01). In the medication group, Bax expression immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise was lower than in the static state (P < 0.01). Bax expression in the static state, immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise in the medication group was higher than in the placebo group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). (5) Fas expression was lowest in the static control group, followed by 24 hours after exercise group and highest in the immediately after exercise group. Fas expression immediately after exercise and at 24 hours after exercise in the medication group was lower than in the placebo group (P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that proanthocyanidins is helpful to alleviate the heavy-load exercise-induced spleen lipid peroxidation damage, effectively reduce sports fatigue induced by free radicals, and decrease the degree of splenocyte apoptosis.
 

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