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18 May 2017, Volume 21 Issue 14 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Tantalum rod implantation versus fibular fixation in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head at early stage Yang Kai, Zeng Ping, Ou Zhi-xue, Lai Chong-rong, Huang Hai-bin, Liu Ming-wei, Huang Xiao-hua, He Wei 2017, 21 (14):  2133-2139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.001 Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (3062KB) ( 217 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fibular fixation and tantalum rod implantation are two commonly used methods for the treatment of early osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), both of which can effectively delay or even reverse the progress of ONFH. However, further comparative evaluation on their mechanical properties and therapeutic efficacy is required. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of fibular fixation and tantalum rod implantation on ONFH at early stage. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients (81 hips) suffered from ONFH with ARCO stage 1 and stage 2, and underwent fibular fixation (30 cases, 41 hips) or tantalum rod implantation (28 cases, 40 hips). Postoperatively, both groups were followed up for over 2 years. The Harris scores of the hip were compared between two groups before and after treatment. With femoral head collapse and the collapse distance > 4 mm as observation points, the survival rate of the femoral head was compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The postoperative Harris scores of the two groups were significantly improved than before (P < 0.05). With the appearance of femoral head collapse as the observation point, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the overall survival rate of the hip was 83% in the fibular fixation group and 65% in the tantalum rod implantation group. After examined by log-rank (Mantel-Cox), there was a significant difference in the survival rate of the hip at Stage IIC between two groups (P=0.043 1). With > 4 mm collapse as the observation point, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that overall survival rate of the hip was 95% in the fibular fixation group and 83% in the tantalum rod implantation group. After examined by log-rank (Mantel-Cox), there was a significant difference in the survival rate of the hip at Stage IIC between two groups (P=0.041 8). To conclude, both fibular fixation and tantalum rods implantation applied to ONFH at early stage can effectively improve the hip function, and the survival rate of the hip at ARCO Stage IIC is better in patients undergoing fibular fixation than tantalum rod implantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional printing of Fe-containing mesoporous calcium-silicate/ poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) composite scaffolds Zhang Xu, Wu Liang-hao, Li De-jian, Ao Rong-guang, Chen Fan-cheng, Yu Bao-qing 2017, 21 (14):  2140-2146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.002 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (1852KB) ( 227 )   Save BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has showed unparalleled advantages in the field of tissue engineering scaffold preparation because of its outstanding merits of convenience, efficiency, controllability and ability to construct complex shapes. OBJECTIVE: To fabricate Fe-containing mesoporous calcium-silicate (MCS) /poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3- hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) composite scaffolds using the 3D printing technique and to test the characterization and cellular biocompatibility of the composite scaffolds. METHODS: Four groups of Fe-containing MCS/PHBHHx composite scaffolds were fabricated using 3D printing technique. The molar percentage of Fe in these four groups was 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, respectively and they were marked as 0Fe-MCS/PHBHHx, 5Fe-MCS/PHBHHx, 10Fe-MCS/PHBHHx and 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx. The scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructure of the scaffolds after being soaked in the simulated body fluid. Osteoblast cell lines MC3T3-E1 were seeded on these four groups of scaffolds as well. Cell counting kit-8 method was adopted to test the cell proliferation at 1, 3, 7 days of culture. Intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity was tested at 7 and 14 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the scaffolds with no soaking process, spherical particles were formed on the scaffolds because of mineralization after soaking 3 days in the simulated body fluid. (2) At 1 day of culture, there was no difference in cell proliferation among the four groups. At 3 days of culture, the proliferation rate of the 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx scaffold was remarkably higher than that of the rest three groups (P < 0.05). At 7 days of culture, the proliferation rate was significantly higher in the 10Fe-MCS/PHBHH and 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx scaffolds than the 0Fe-MCS/PHBHH scaffold (P < 0.05), as well as significantly higher in the 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx scaffold than the 10Fe-MCS/PHBHH scaffold (P < 0.05). (3) At 7 days of culture, no difference in alkaline phosphatase activity could be found among these four groups of scaffolds; however, at 14 days, the 5Fe-MCS/PHBHHx, 10Fe-MCS/PHBHHx and 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx scaffolds exhibited an enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity compared with the 0Fe-MCS/PHBHHx scaffold. Meanwhile, the 15Fe-MCS/PHBHHx showed the highest alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings indicate that the MCS/PHBHH scaffolds containing Fe could promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of the MC3T3-E1 cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Different bone cement implantation ways for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Zhou Wei, Liu Gui-sheng, Zhou Li-ping, Gao Fang, Liu Xun-wei, Xie Zhi-yong 2017, 21 (14):  2147-2152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.003 Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (1713KB) ( 269 )   Save BACKGROUND: After the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with bone cement implantation, deteriorative osteoporosis and the distance augment between bone cement and bones result in a decrease in bone cement-bone interface compression strength and torsion strength, and then the bone cement tends to displace, which is easy to cause a secondary vertebral fracture. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical efficacy of bone cement implantation via three approaches on osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. METHODS: Sixty patients with single osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture were treated with vertebroplasty, percutaneous kyphoplasty or fraction cement vertebroplasty. All data were collected to analyze the correlation between the bone cement morphology and treatment method, and to detect the visual analogue scale, Oswestry disability index, Cobb angle and incidence of secondary vertebral fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The visual analogue scale scores, Oswestry disability index, and Cobb angle in the three groups were significantly improved after treatment (P < 0.05). All above indicators showed no significant difference among groups at each time point after treatment, suggesting that these three kinds of treatments exert the same effects on pain relief, functional recovery, preventing the vertebral height loss and maintaining spinal mechanical properties. Bone cement displacement and secondary vertebral fracture occurred after clotted cement implantation. Therefore, mixed and trabecular-shaped grafts are preferred, aiming to achieve good long-term treatment outcomes in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogeneic bone versus autologous iliac bone graft for scoliosis Jia Guang-hui, Si Wen-teng, Wang Xiang-yu, Wang Ai-guo 2017, 21 (14):  2153-2157.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.004 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (969KB) ( 216 )   Save BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is a kind of commonly seen spinal deformity, and as a recommended therapy, autologous bone graft has obtained satisfactory outcomes, but there are still some limitations. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of allogeneic bone and autologous iliac bone graft for scoliosis. METHODS: Ninety-two patients with scoliosis received posterior pedicle screw fixation and selective spinal fusion: 46 cases for autologous bone transplantation (control group), and the others for allogeneic bone transplantation (observation group). The clinical indexes, Cobb angle loss rate, bone graft fusion and adverse reactions in the two groups were evaluated postoperatively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The recovery time of the initial body temperature, white cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate returned to normal as well as drainage time in the control group were significantly shorter than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Cobb angle loss rate between groups at 3, 9 and 15 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). The bone graft fusion rate showed no significant difference at 3, 6, 13 and 24 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). The screw loosening, ruptured and broken robs occurred neither in control group nor in the observation group. The incidences of pain and infection in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that both allogeneic bone and autologous iliac bone graft can achieve satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of scoliosis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of an individualized titanium mesh based on digital model in the repair of orbital fracture Sun Li-bo, Lan Yu-yan, Zhang Li, Zhou Hang-yu 2017, 21 (14):  2158-2162.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.005 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (872KB) ( 220 )   Save BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional printing to prepare a digital model can improve the accuracy of orbital fracture repair, and has a good clinical prospect. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of individualized titanium mesh based on the digital model in the reconstruction of orbital fracture. METHODS: Twelve cases of orbital fracture were admitted at the Hospital of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University from January 2014 to October 2015. CT scanning in axial, coronal, sagittal planes and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed routinely in all cases preoperatively. Digital model was designed by 3D printing technology according to the CT data. Individualized titanium mesh was shaped based on the digital model and used to repair orbital fracture. The accuracy of the reconstructed orbit was assessed based on the postoperative CT scan. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Postoperative CT scans showed that the implanted individualized titanium meshes were capable of accurately reconstructing the fractured orbit in all the 12 patients, and there was no infection, and titanium mesh loosening, prolapse, and rejection. With healthy eyes as controls, 11 cases of eyeball retraction were corrected completely, and only 1 case was still under correction. Diplopia symptoms disappeared in the 8 of 9 cases, and relieved in the 1 of 9 cases. Seven cases of eye movement limitation recovered postoperatively. To conclude, the individualized titanium mesh has great accuracy to repair orbital fractures in patients without serious complications, which has achieved good clinical outcomes in the orbital reconstruction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium intramedullary nail coated with vancomycin-hydroxyapatite in a model of open long bone fracture with wound infection Wang Yong, Wan Yong-xian, Zhang Xi-hai, Ye Jun-wu, Zhuo Nai-qiang 2017, 21 (14):  2163-2169.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.006 Abstract ( 454 )   PDF (5880KB) ( 228 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tibia open fracture is a common disease, and intramedullary fixation has become the first choice, but the high risk of postoperative infection limits its clinical application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early prevention effect of vancomycin-hydroxyapatite (VCM-HA) coated titanium intramedullary nail in a rabbit model of open femoral fracture combined with wound infection. METHODS: Titanium intramedullary nails coated with three different concentrations of VCM-HA were prepared using biomimetic deposition, and subsequently in vitro bacteriostasis experiment was performed. Forty healthy male New Zealand white rabbits were selected and the model of mid-femur open fracture with wound infection was prepared. The rabbit models were then divided into ordinary intramedullary nail, low-, middle- and high-concentration VCM-HA coated intramedullary nail groups (n=10 per group). The wound appearance of the animals was dynamically observed. The body mass, anal temperature, white blood cells and C-reactive protein contents in the venous blood were monitored. The pathological examination of the soft tissue around the fracture and injured limb X-ray were conducted regularly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The prepared VCM-HA coated titanium intramedullary nail exerted obvious antibacterial effects in vitro. The anal temperature in the ordinary nail group was significantly higher than that in the other three groups at 3 days after modeling (P < 0.05). The white blood cells and C-reactive protein contents in the venous blood in the VCM-HA groups were significantly lower than those in the ordinary nail group at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after modeling (P < 0.05). The hematoxylin-eosin staining of the peripheral tissues displayed the inflammatory response in the VCM-HA groups was milder than that in the ordinary nail group at each time point after modeling. The injured limb X-ray displayed that the callus grew slowly accompanied with sequestration in the ordinary nail group, while the callus growth in the VCM-HA groups was significantly better than that in the ordinary nail group. To conclude, the VCM-HA coated intramedullary nail can effectively reduce postoperative infection in an animal model of open femoral fracture combined with wound infection. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological behaviors of articular chondrocytes on the polydimethylsiloxane withdifferential surface modifications and stiffnesses Xiong Zhi-miao, Ye Zhao-yang, Zhou Yan, Tan Wen-song 2017, 21 (14):  2170-2179.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.007 Abstract ( 442 )   PDF (3211KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is widely used in the basic research on cell biology because of its good biocompatibility and ability to be processed at the micro/nano level. However, cell culture on PDMS has been generally compromised by its strong hydrophobicity. OBJECTIVE: To perform a comparative investigation on the influences of different surface modifications as well as stiffness of PDMS on cellular behaviors. METHODS: PDMS films with varying stiffnesses were subjected to various surface modifications, including serum incubation, type I collagen deposition and air plasma treatment. Bovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on PDMS films and cell adhesion, proliferation and matrix production were characterized using F-actin staining, cell counting kit-8, microscopic examination, Sirius red/Safranin-O staining and quantitative determination of glycosaminoglycans, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serum incubation, type I collagen deposition and air plasma treatment were all found to promote adhesion and proliferation of bovine articular chondrocytes from the results of F-actin staining and cell prolifereration curve, with air plasma treatment the best. Total amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) secretion was only increased by air plasma treatment and GAG/DNA was decreased by all modifications. Stiffness also played roles in cell adhesion, proliferation and GAG production, which was found to be dependent on surface modifications. This study would provide guidance for applying PDMS in cell culture. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with Shh modified nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen for femoral defect repair Tang Yu-xing, Zhao Qing, Yang Zhong-meng, Ye Yong-heng, Hu Ren-an 2017, 21 (14):  2180-2185.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.008 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (6672KB) ( 274 )   Save BACKGROUND: SSh as a Hedgehog signal protein can promote bone development, growth and remodeling. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with Shh modified nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) in the repair of femoral defects in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups, and the model of femoral defects was established in these rats. At 14 days after modeling, experimental group was implanted with the BMSCs/Shh modified nHAC, scaffold group was implanted with simple nHAC, cell scaffold group was implanted with BMSCs/nHAC, and blank control group was without any implantation. At 3, 6, 9, 12 weeks after repair, X-ray examination, bone density measurement and bone biopsy in bone defect area were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) X-ray examination: The Lane-Sandhu X-ray score and bone mineral density value in the experimental group at different time points after operation were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P < 0.05). (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: 12 weeks after repair, a small amount of bone tissues but no bone marrow formed in the scaffold group; a small amount of bone tissues with absence of bone marrow formed in the cell scaffold group, and the residual scaffold was visible; in the experimental group, the scaffold was completely absorbed, and mature bone and medullary cavity formed with presence of bone marrow. (3) Scanning electron microscope observation: 12 weeks after repair, irregular arrangement of bone fibers and a large number of bone fossae were observed in the scaffold group; the cell scaffold group showed a large number of osteoblasts, but bone fibers still arranged irregularly; in the presence of the Haversian system, a large number of regularly arranged bone trabeculae were detective in the experimental group. These results elucidate that the Shh modified nHAC/BMSCs complex can promote the repair of bone defects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Large-diameter TiO2 nanotubes with nano-hydroxyapatite offer an improvement in bone-forming ability Lei Ze-ming, Zhang Hang-zhou, Tian Ang, You Jun-hua, Shi Xiao-guo, Liu Xing-wang, Wei Bo, Bai Xi-zhuang 2017, 21 (14):  2186-2191.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.009 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (4520KB) ( 205 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both hydroxyapatite (HA) and large diameter TiO2 nanotubes have excellent biocompatibility, but bone-forming ability of nano-HA (nHA) deposited large diameter TiO2 nanotubes is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the bone-forming ability of nHA/large-diameter TiO2  nanotube composite coating. METHODS: Large-diameter TiO2  nanotubes were prepared by anodic oxidation method, and then nHA was electrochemically deposited on the surface of TiO2  nanotubes. Preosteoblasts MC3T3-E1 were co-cultured with the nHA/large diameter TiO2  nanotube composite, pure titanium and TiO2  nanotube coatings, respectively. At 0.5, 1, 2 hours after culture, the initial cell adhesion was observed. At 1, 3, 5 day after culture, cell proliferation was assessed. At 2 days after culture, cell morphology was observed. At 3 and 7 days after osteogenic induction, intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity was detected. At 14 days after osteogenic induction, mineralization of extracellular matrix was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After 2 hours of culture, the number of adherent cells on the composite coating was significantly lower than that on the TiO2 nanotube coating (P < 0.05), but slightly higher than that on the pure titanium coating with no statistical difference. (2) After 1, 3, 5 days of culture, the cell proliferation on the composite coating was significantly lower than that on the TiO2 nanotube coating (P < 0.05), but slightly higher than that on the pure titanium with no statistical difference. (3) The cells on the pure titanium showed a spindle-shape, while those on the TiO2 nanotube coating processed filopodia. The cells on the composite coating showed polygonal shape with a larger number of filopodia. (4) The intracellular alkaline phosphatase activity of the composite coating group was significantly higher than that of the pure titanium group and TiO2  nanotube group. The trend of mineralization of extracellular matrix was ranked from high to low: the composite coating group > TiO2  nanotube group > pure titanium group. To conclude, the nHA/large diameter TiO2  nanotube composite coating not only has good biocompatibility, but also has the ideal ability to promote bone formation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Orthogonal experimental research on the impacts of mandibular plane angle to the stress distribution of dental implants Xing Wei-bin, Zheng Shu-xian, Yang Shi-yi, Hou Min-hong 2017, 21 (14):  2192-2197.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.010 Abstract ( 514 )   PDF (1072KB) ( 262 )   Save BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, the selection of dental implants with different specifications is based on the patient’ s mandibular plane angle, and the long-term success rate is different in dental implants with different specifications. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the mandibular plane angle could affect the mandibular stress distribution of dental implants, thus affecting the success rate of dental implantation. OBJECTIVE: To perform an orthogonal experimental study on the mechanical effects of different implant specifications, mandibular plane angles and mandibular bone densities on stress distribution of the first mandibular molar implants. METHODS: A L9(33) orthogonal experiment was designed with 3 three-level factors, including mandibular plane angle (14°, 22°, 34°), implant diameter (6.6, 8.2, 9.6 mm), and mandibular bone density (types II, III, IV). Different dental implants with different combinations were implanted into an alveolar bone model, and placed onto a pressure testing machine under 500 N load. Then, strain (stress) data were collected in real-time and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimal combination was as follows: low angle; 4.8 mm in diameter; mandibular bone with type II bone density. The relations of all the three factors were the diameter of dental implant > the mandibular plane angle > mandibular bone density. To conclude, the mandibular plane angle has some certain influences on the stability of dental implants. If the biting force is the same, dental implant bears the largest stress under the high angle, subsequently followed by the average angle and the low angle.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The use of short dental implants in rigid fixed bridge for multiple missing teeth: a 2-year follow-up visit Zhang Ning, Xiong Zhu-jia, Wang Xiao-xin, Li Hong-mei 2017, 21 (14):  2198-2202.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.011 Abstract ( 496 )   PDF (895KB) ( 267 )   Save BACKGROUND: Short dental implants have been widely used in the posterior area when one tooth loses. How effective is it when we use the short implants in the rigid fixed bridge for the multiple teeth lost area? OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect of short dental implants used in the rigid fixed bridge. METHODS: Forty-three patients with multiple missing teeth were enrolled and underwent the rigid fixed bridge supported by short dental implants, including 26 males and 17 females, with an age range of 44-67 years. After 2 years of dental implantation, the success rate of dental implants, amount of alveolar bone loss and dental implant-related complication were followed up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 92 short dental implants, 6-8 mm in length, were implanted, ncluding 44 in the maxilla and 48 in the mandible. There were two cases of peri-implantitis and the success rate of implants was 97.8%. There was no significant difference in the amount of alveolar bone loss between the    8 mm, 7 mm and 6 mm length implants as well as between the C/I ≤ 1, 1 < C/I ≤2, C/I > 2 groups at 1-2 years after implantation. There were four cases of central screw loose and one case of porcelain fracture after restoration. To conclude, the clinical use of short dental implants in the rigid fixed bridge has achieved good outcomes during the short period, but long-term observation is needed. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on patient satisfaction with single or bridge crown for repair of consecutive missing posterior teeth in the maxilla Zhang Qiang, Zhang Yu, Xie Chang 2017, 21 (14):  2203-2207.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.012 Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (1025KB) ( 237 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patient subjective satisfaction is of great significance for the clinical use of implant denture. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the patient satisfaction with single or bridge crown for repair of consecutive missing posterior teeth in the maxilla. METHODS: We selected 203 patients with consecutive missing of maxillary first and second molar teeth, who had received single (n=99) or bridge (n=104) crown for implant restoration 1 year ago. All patients were surveyed with a subjective satisfaction questionnaire and visual analogue scale. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in sex and age (35-64 years) between the two groups. Food impaction ratio and crown off ratio were higher in the bridge crown group than the single crown group. Noticeably, most patients did not have the habit of using dental floss. The overall satisfaction scores were 88.96% in the single crown group and 85.32% in the bridge crown group, respectively. Four indexes with less than 80 scores in the two groups were that “I dare to use the implant teeth to bite hard food”, “my implant teeth are easily cleaned”, “it takes me less time to clean my implant teeth than natural teeth”, and “I think the dental implant price is acceptable”. Results from the analysis of variance showed that food impaction influenced chewing effect (P=0.047), made the use of dental floss difficult (P=0.031), made patients discomfort (P=0.038), and the use of dental floss could enhance the cleaning effect on dental implant (P=0.019), and largely reduced brushing bleeding (P=0.029). In conclusion, patients with missing maxillary posterior teeth can obtain higher satisfaction after single crown or bridge crown repair. However, food impaction and crown off become more serious after repair with bridge crown, while the repair with single crown exhibits better performance. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Histological observation on rabbit skull osteoinduction by advanced platelet-rich fibrin Jiao Zhi-li, Xie Xiao-ling, Fu Dong-mei, Zhao Feng, Sun Yong 2017, 21 (14):  2208-2214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.013 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (6085KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have proved platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) with osteoinduction ability, and the centrifugal speed and time to prepare rabbit advanced PRF (A-PRF) with the most similar structure to that of human PRF have been determined. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological changes during A-PRF-induced osteogenesis. METHODS: Thirty Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into A-PRF and blank control groups (n=15 per group). The full-thickness defect models were established on the rabbit parietal bone, followed by implanted with A-PRF or nothing, respectively. The model rabbits were killed immediately, at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after modeling, to grossly observe the bone formation, and the histological changes in the defect region were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson staining and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Unhealed defects were observed in the blank control group. Gross and histological observations showed that the speed, amount and maturity of bone formation in the A-PRF group were significantly better than those in the blank control group immediately, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the rabbit skull bone defect is successfully established. A-PRF can induce osteogenesis, and more mature newly born bones appear with time. Additionally, osteoclasts can act with osteoblasts synergically under the A-PRF induction to promote the bone formation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study on cytocompatibility of Pluronic copolymer nanoparticles modified with folic acid and polylactic acid Huang Han, Hu Qing-juan, Xiong Xiang-yuan, Ge Xiang-jun, Chen Chong, Li Yu-ping 2017, 21 (14):  2215-2221.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.014 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (5800KB) ( 301 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cells in contact with nanomaterials can induce oxidative stress, allergic reactions, and then produce cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Therefore, studies on nano toxicology have attracted more and more attention. OBJECTIVE: To comparatively evaluate the cytocompatibility of Pluronic (P85, F127, F87) tri-block copolymer nanoparticles modified with folic acid (FA) and polylactic acid (PLA). METHODS: Pluronic (P85, F127, F87) tri-block copolymer nanoparticles were modified with FA and PLA to synthesize a variety of amphiphilic block copolymers, including PLA-P85-PLA, FA-P85-PLA, PLA-F127-PLA, FA-F127-PLA, PLA-F87-PLA and FA-F87-PLA. The cytotoxicity of these synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed by cell morphology, cell metabolic activity and cell membrane effects in HepG-2 cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relative growth rate of HepG-2 cells had no significant differences under 24-hour induction of various concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg/L) of unmodified P85, F127, and F87 nanoparticles (P > 0.05). The growth and proliferation of cells under the low concentrations (5, 10, 20, 50 mg/L) were enhanced. P85 NPs and F87 NPs could significantly inhibit cell viability at dose of 400 mg/L. In contrast, there were no significant differences towards P85, F127 and F87 nanoparticles (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L) modified with FA and PLA when compared with the control group (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that the modification of FA and PLA can improve the cytocompatibility of Pluronic (P85, F127, F87) tri-block copolymers, and therefore, PLA-Pluronic-PLA and FA-Pluronic-PLA nanoparticles are both good candidates for drug vectors. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy and safety of chitosan wound dressing for deep second-degree burn: a prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial Liu Lin-na, Li Xue-yong, Zhao Cong-ying, Guan Bo, Wu Xiao-chun, Zhang Tian, Li Shi-cao 2017, 21 (14):  2222-2226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.015 Abstract ( 727 )   PDF (926KB) ( 840 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan wound dressing has been extensively used in the treatment of wounds and burns, not only because of its bacteriastasis, hemostasis and promoting the wound healing, but also its good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological functions. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of chitosan wound dressing for deep second-degree burn, thereby providing clinical basis for its registration. METHODS: Sixty patients with deep second-degree burn were randomly allotted to two groups, and then subjected to the external application of chitosan wound dressing (experimental group) or chitosan biomedical dressing (control group), respectively. Then, the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated through healing time, recovering rate and pain scores, and the safety was evaluated through the incidence of adverse reactions and laboratory indexes before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in the wound healing time [(21.23±6.84) days vs. (23.77±4.26) days], recovery rate and pain scores between the experimental and control groups at 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment (P > 0.05). The blood routine, liver function and kidney function indexes before and after treatment did not differ significantly between groups. Additionally, neither adverse nor severe adverse events occurred in the two groups. These results indicate that the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the chitosan wound dressing are equivalent to the control product in the treatment of deep second-degree burn. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and properties of collagen/chitosan composite sponge from forest frog skin Lu Jing, Wang Yu-jia, Ling Wei-shi, Chen Min-xiao, Li Chang-hong, Guan Shuang, Deng Xu-ming 2017, 21 (14):  2227-2233.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.016 Abstract ( 458 )   PDF (1194KB) ( 266 )   Save BACKGROUND: Forest frog is a rare medicinal animal in China, but the skin of forest frog is waste after Oviductus Ranae production. The forest frog skin is rich of collagen, and is large in quantity without pollution and disease risk. So the forest frog skin has potential to be developed into collagen sponge; however, there is no research on collagen sponge preparation as yet. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the preparation of collagen sponge from forest frog skin, and to investigate the physical properties and in vitro cell compatibility. METHODS: Chitosan and glutaraldehyde were used to modify collagen sponge from forest frog skin. Chitosan/collagen (w/w) (1:1, 1:2, 1:4) and glutaraldehyde concentration (1%, 1.5% and 2%) were selected as the experimental factors. The significant water absorbency, mechanical properties and thermal denaturation temperature were chosen as the indexes. Using the orthogonal experimental design, we optimized collagen sponge preparation process. We also investigated the in vitro cell compatibility and surface morphology of the collagen sponge. The nine kinds of collagen sponges from forest frog skins were co-cultured with human foreskin fibroblasts to detect cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the chitosan/collagen was 1:1 and the glutaraldehyde concentration was 1%, we could get the collagen sponge with ideal water absorbency (water absorption capacity=5.22), mechanical properties (elongation at break=10.96%) and thermal denaturation temperature (81.24 ℃). The aperture of the forest frog skin collagen sponge was 200-400 µm, and the pores were consistent in the size and arranged regularly. Except the chitosan/collagen of 1:4 and the glutaraldehyde concentration of 1% or 5%, all kinds of forest frog skin collagen sponges could promote the viability of human foreskin fibroblasts and exerted benefits to cell viability and growth. To conclude, the forest frog skin collagen sponge has good biocompatibility and apparent morphology, in aggreement with the requirements of biological materials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro degradation of concentrated growth factor fibrin versus platelet-rich fibrin Li Yong-bin, Sun Ying-chun, Wei Rong-zhi, Yang Jian, Sheng Hai-ying, Chen Jing 2017, 21 (14):  2234-2240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.017 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (1248KB) ( 269 )   Save BACKGROUND: The degradation speed of biological materials is critical for the clinical use of guided bone regeneration. The partial biological characteristics and treatment efficacy of concentrate growth factor (CGF) fibrin have been explored preliminarily, but its degradation properties have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE: To explore the degradation properties of CGF fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in artificial saliva and compare the degradation speed of these two biological products. METHODS: Ten volunteers were selected, and 18 mL of venous blood from each volunteer was extracted and stored in two vacuum blood collectors. The blood samples were then placed into the drum of the Medifuge centrifugal acceleration machine, to separate CGF fibrin and PRF specimens following the preparation process, respectively. Both CGF fibrin and PRF specimens were respectively made into bulk and membranoid, and were then immersed in artificial saliva under 37 ℃. The mass of the bulk specimens and area of the membranoid specimens were measured regularly, and the degradation processes of CGF and PRF were recorded. The degradation curves were drawn to compare the degradation speed of CGF fibrin and PRF. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mass of CGF fibrin and PRF showed no significant difference at the 5th day (P > 0.05), while the mass of CGF fibrin was higher than that of PRF at the 3rd, 4th and 6th days (P < 0.05). The residual area of CRF was significantly larger than that of PRF at posttreatment 1-6 days (P < 0.05). To conclude, the degradation speed of bulk or membranoid CRF is slow than that of PRF in artificial saliva. The higher the fibrin content is, the slower the degradation ability is, indicating the strong bioreproductive function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and cytocompatibility of beta-calcium phosphate scaffolds with tanshinol coating Wu Tao, Liu Ying-chao, Nan Kai-hui, Shu Tao, Wu Jin-hui, Lu Zhi-qin, Xing Jian-zhou, Lv Jun 2017, 21 (14):  2247-2253.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.019 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (6617KB) ( 352 )   Save BACKGROUND: Revascularization is a challenge for the tissue-engineered bone carrying cells after implanted into human body. Previous studies have found that tanshinol can improve the functions of endothelial progenitor cells and exert vascular protective effects. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the β-calcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold with tanshinol coating, and to observe its cytocompatibility. METHODS: The β-TCP scaffolds coated with 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 mol of tanshinol were constructed by negative pressure absorption method. The distribution of tanshinol coating on the scaffold was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the inner ingredients were analyzed by infrared spectrum. Human endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs) were cultured in the extracts of β-TCP and β-TCP scaffolds with 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol of tanshinol coatings, respectively. The cell proliferation was detected at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days of culture; the levels of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in the supernatants were detected at 1, 7 and 14 days of culture; the lumen formation on the matrigel was observed after 14-day culture. hEPCs were respectively seeded onto the β-TCP and β-TCP scaffolds with different dosages of tanshinol coating, and then the cell growth was observed under scanning electron microscope at 7 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tanshinol coating evenly distributed on the inner surface of the pores, and its crystalline structure became dense with dosage increasing. Infrared spectrum analysis revealed no changes in the characteristic absorption peak of tanshinol and TCP in the scaffold. The β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating could promote the proliferation of hEPCs, especially the scaffolds with 10-6 and 10-5 mol tanshinol coating. Compared with the β-TCP scaffold, the scaffolds with 10-6 and 10-5 mol tanshinol coating significantly upregulated the nitric oxide level at 14 days of culture, and significantly increased the level of vascular endothelial growth factor at 7 and 14 days of culture (P < 0.05). Although it could be found in all β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating, the lumen formation was the maturest in the scaffold with 10-5 mol tanshinol coating. These results suggest the β-TCP scaffolds with tanshinol coating can promote the proliferation and endothelial differentiation of hEPCs, and hold a good cytocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion behavior and microstructure of biomedical Mg-Zn-Mn-Gd alloys Zang Zhi-hai, Yin Dong-song, An Yong-liang, Jia Fu, Qu Chang 2017, 21 (14):  2254-2258.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.020 Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (1418KB) ( 235 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a metal internal fixation material, magnesium alloy has more unique advantages, such as biodegradability and elastic modulus. The elastic modulus of magnesium alloy is similar to the compact bone, which is enough to avoid “stress-shelter” effect. However, biological activity represents bonding ability with the bone in the body for fracture fixation materials, which is of great significance for studies on new kinds of magnesium alloys. OBJECTIVE: To observe the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Gd alloys and to analyze the corrosion products on the material surface after immersed in simulation body fluid. METHODS: The Mg-Zn-Gd alloys were manufactured by the method of fusion casting. Scanning electron microscope with spectrometer was applied to observe microstructure and distribution of precipitated phase and corrosion products of Mg-Zn-Gd alloys in simulated body fluid. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Mg-Zn-Gd alloy was composed of α-Mg solid solution containing Gd and Zn elements and eutectic structure. The eutectic structure was almost feathery, oval-shaped, herringbone-shaped and strip-shaped along the grain boundary. The main ingredients of eutectic structure included Mg, Zn and Gd elements. Deposition layer was composed of O, Mg, Ca and P elements on the surface of Mg-Zn-Gd alloy after 72 hours soak in Hank’s solution. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that film layer contained Mg(OH)2 phase, which promoted calcium salt deposition and reduced the corrosion rate. So Mg-Zn-Gd alloy can obtain better biological activity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Scaffolds, cells and cytokines: vascularization strategies for tissue engineering Li Hai-yan, Zou Liu, Shen Li-xian, Zhou Bin, Zhang Ping, Guo Yu 2017, 21 (14):  2259-2265.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.021 Abstract ( 461 )   PDF (1331KB) ( 227 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered skin, bone, cartilage, blood vessel, and muscle flap have achieved remarkable development in tissue repair and regeneration; meanwhile, the difficulty in tissue-engineered vascularization has attracted much attention. OBJECTIVE: To summarize studies concerning the mechanism of angiogenesis (vasculogenesis and revascularization), vascularization strategies (seed cells, scaffolds, growth factors) and models of vascularization in tissue engineering (in vivo and in vitro), and to provide theoretical foundation for basic research of vascularization in tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based research was performed for relevant literatures in PubMed, Springerlink, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, CNKI, CqVip and WanFang databases published between January 20002 and April 2016 using the keywords of “issue engineering, vascularization, scaffolds, cell growth factor, vasculogenesis, angiogenesis” in English and Chinese, respectively. Fifty-five eligible articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro microvascular construction is commonly used. The angioid scaffold is prepared, and then cells are seeded onto the scaffold, which will proliferate, migrate and form microvessels induced by growth factors. The cell-scaffold composites that have good vascularization in vitro have been introduced via transplantation in in vivo experiments. However, there are some problems, such as the inevitable inflammatory reaction that makes a direct effect on the composite function and survival, and vascularization is still a difficulty in tissue regeneration and repair in the tissue engineering research. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional printing technology preparation of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials in bone defect repair Dang Ying, Li Yue, Li Rui-yu, Wu Li-ping, Guo Ya-jing, Song Rui-jia 2017, 21 (14):  2266-2273.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.022 Abstract ( 646 )   PDF (1515KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering plays a very important role in the repair of bone defects, which can deliver bioactive substances, promote bone tissue growth and repair bone defects. Bone scaffolds act as one of the three elements of bone tissue engineering. Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology can achieve individualized bone tissue repair through customized artificial bone preparation. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the biological characteristics of several commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffolds and to explore the application of 3D printing technique in the construction of bone tissue engineering scaffolds. METHODS: The literatures of PubMed and Wanfang database related to bone tissue engineering scaffold materials and 3D printing technology were retrieved from 2005 to 2016. The Keywords were “tissue engineering scaffold, bone defects, polymer materials, bioceramics, metal materials, composite materials, 3D printing” in English and Chinese, respectively, which would appear simultaneously in title and abstract. Repetitive articles were excluded and finally 65 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The commonly used bone tissue engineering scaffold materials include polymer materials (natural and macromolecule polymeric materials), bioceramics, and metal materials. According to the characteristics of the materials, composite materials made of different materials can compensate for the shortcomings of a single material, and then developed into new tissue engineering scaffold materials. For the tissue engineering bone production, 3D printing technologies include melt deposition technology, selective laser sintering technology, low temperature deposition manufacturing technology, and etc. When the 3D printing technology is used to prepare a bone tissue engineering scaffold, the use of powder or adhesive must have limited conditions, such as flowability, stability and wettability. Powder materials used for 3D printing can be divided into synthetic polymers, natural macromolecules, bioceramics and their mixtures, with different advantages and disadvantages. Ultimately, the bone engineering scaffolds produced by 3D printing technology have unique advantages in mechanics, structure and individuality, and have wide application prospect in the manufacture of bone scaffolds. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of scaffold material properties on stem cell differentiation in tissue engineering Zheng Li-heng, Wu Hao, Shang Yu-pan, Zhang Jia-qing 2017, 21 (14):  2274-2279.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.023 Abstract ( 390 )   PDF (963KB) ( 193 )   Save BACKGROUND: Increasing evidences support that the physical properties, especially stiffness, can regulate the directional differentiation of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of extracellular matrix on stem cell behaviors, and the research progress concerning the influence of physical properties of biomaterials on stem cell differentiation. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI and Web of Science databases using the keywords of “extracellular matrix, bioscaffolds materials, chemical property, physical property, substrate rigidity, stem cell differentiation” in Chinese and English, respectively. Finally, a total of 31 literatures were included for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The physicochemical properties expose effects on the cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, and especially the regulatory effect of stiffness on the cell differentiation has a revelation for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Searching for more biochemical and physical factors interacting with the stiffness of extracellular matrix will enable us to control cell behaviors accurately and to prepare an ideal scaffold closely similar to in vivo environment. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application and characteristics of silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in orthopaedic regenerative medicine Yuan Zhen-zhong, Chen Yue-ping 2017, 21 (14):  2280-2284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.024 Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (848KB) ( 295 )   Save BACKGROUND: A silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has good biocompatibility, osteoinductivity and degradability. OBJECTIVE: To review the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in bone, cartilage and soft tissue engineering regeneration. METHODS: PubMed, Wanfang, and CNKI databases were retrieved by computer for articles related to the structure, performance and application of the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold in orthopedics published from 1998 to 2016. The keywords were “chitosan, silk protein, bone tissue engineering” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold is characterized by good biocompatibility, bone inductivity and biodegradability that make cells grow well on the scaffold. The silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold has been widely used in bone tissue engineering, and has a prominent performance in bone defect repair and cartilage injury treatment. Meanwhile, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold exerts a crucial role in wound healing as well as in the treatment of spinal nerve injury and other soft tissue injuries. However, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold currently is less reported in the clinical use due to various reasons, and it will be the main research direction of future efforts. As is known to us, silk protein can be used to prepare the cruciate ligament and construct tissue-engineered nuclei; therefore, the silk fibroin/chitosan scaffold can be developed in the treatment of tendon ligament injury and intervertebral disc tissue engineering. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of bone filling materials in percutaneous vertebroplasty Sun Yu-liang, Xiong Xiao-ming, He Ben-xiang, Wu Xiao, Xian Jie 2017, 21 (14):  2285-2290.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.025 Abstract ( 450 )   PDF (997KB) ( 228 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a minimally invasive technology, percutaneous vertebroplasty is a safe and effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. OBJECTIVE: To overview the research progress concerning the biomechanical properties, bone strength maintenance, bone absorption and degradation of bone filling materials used in percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS: The first author conducted a computer-based retrieval of CNKI, PubMed and Medline databases for relevant articles published from January 2005 to May 2016. The keywords were “bone cement, bone filling materials, percutaneous vertebroplasty” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymethyl methacrylate is not an ideal material for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Calcium phosphate cement and calcium sulfate cement can replace the traditional polymethyl methacrylate; however, some problems still exist, such as poor effect of venography, incontrollable biological degradation rate, and lack of the evidence-based medicine about its long-term effect. Composite bone cement, as a good bone repair material, holds the advantages of various bone cements. As the composite bone cement has just been introduced in clinical practice, its long-term curative efficacy needs to be further studied.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of micro-scale technologies in engineering cell geometry and alignment Liu Xiao-yi, Li Shan, Zhao Feng, He Jing-wen, Sun Yan 2017, 21 (14):  2291-2296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.14.026 Abstract ( 347 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 229 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is of great significance for the research of cell biology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to precisely control cell geometry and alignment in vitro. However, there is a lack of systematic study and description of the methods for controlling cell geometry and inducing alignment in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the methods of surface chemical treatment technology and surface topographical technology to prepare the substrate for cell growth and to discuss the feasibility and the latest progress in cell shape control and cell alignment. METHODS: The author performed a data retrieval of PubMed and Bailianyun databases from 1995 to 2017 to search the articles addressing the effects of micro-scale technologies on cell geometry and alignment in vitro, and reviewed the literatures systematically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of micro-scale technologies and in-depth study on cell behaviors, surface chemical treatment, surface topographical transformation and fibrous scaffolds are gradually developed to precisely control cell geometry and alignment. The surface micropatterning, pillar and pit arrays can precisely control cell geometry, and the topographical patterning dominates cell alignment over the chemical patterns. Surface chemical treatment and topographical patterning can also be combined to preferably engineer cell alignment in vitro. The suitable substrate can be used to control cell geometry precisely, regulate the differentiation of stem cells or induce cell alignment, and promote cell fusion and differentiation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics