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19 November 2014, Volume 18 Issue 47 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Bone filling mesh container for osteoporotic vertebral fractures with posterior vertebral wall breakage: it is effective for prevention of bone cement leakage Bai Ming, Yin He-ping, Li Shu-wen, Du Zhi-cai 2014, 18 (47):  7545-7549.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.001 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (728KB) ( 548 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures with posterior vertebral wall breakage can relieve pain rapidly, but there is a risk of leakage of bone cement. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of bone filling mesh container in percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures with posterior vertebral wall breakage. METHODS: Forty senile patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures were enrolled, whose CT and MRI showed different degrees of posterior vertebral wall breakage, including 19 males (21 vertebral bodies) and 21 females (28 vertebral bodies), aged 50-87 years. These 40 patients were subjected to percutaneous kyphoplasty, and bone filling mesh container was used to deliver bone cement. Then, changes in visual analogue scale score, vertebral height and leakage of bone cement were observed in patients before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The surgery was successful in all the 40 patients, and no pulmonary embolism, cement leakage, and spinal cord and nerve root injuries appeared. All the patients were followed for 10-12 months. The visual analogue scale scores and vertebral height were improved significantly at both 1 week and 3 months after treatment compared with those before treatment, but there was no difference in the visual analogue scale scores and vertebral height at 1 week and 3 months after treatment. These findings indicate that percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone filling mesh container is effective to prevent bone cement leakage. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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X-ray evaluation of alpha-calcium sulfate hemiydrate/biphasic bioceramics bone for repairing bone defects of rabbit radius Yao Biao, Qian Wei-qing, Yin Hong 2014, 18 (47):  7550-7555.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.002 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (858KB) ( 575 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alpha-calcium sulfate hemiydrate/biphasic bioceramics (α-CSH/BCP) as a bone repair material has been widely used in the clinic, but there are still some deficiencies. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of α-CSH/BCP on the repair of bone defects of the radius in rabbits. METHODS: The unilateral radius of 18 adult New Zealand white rabbits was selected to establish bone defect models, and then these rabbit models were randomized into three groups that were treated with α-CSH, α-CSH/BCP, BCP materials, respectively. At 4, 8, 12 weeks after implantation, bone samples were taken for gross and X-ray observations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Gross observation: At 12 weeks of implantation, the bone defect was completely repaired in the α-CSH/BCP group, and the defected radius recovered basically; in the α-CSH group, bone defects were visible; and in the BCP group, there was still some material for filling and coverage. (2) X-ray observation: In the α-CSH group, the degradation of implanted materials was faster than new bone formation, and bone defects were visible; in the α-CSH/BCP group, bone defects were healed, cortical bone remodeling was good, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized; in the BCP group, the implanted materials were still visible, and bone defects were not repaired. These findings indicate that the α-CSH/BCP bone repair material can significantly promote the repair of bone defects of rabbit radius, with a better repair effect than α-CSH or BCP alone. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw for lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis: strengthening technical points Jing Dan-feng, Xu Yi-ji, Sun Tai-cun, Tian Jin, Lu Biao, Cui Xue-wen 2014, 18 (47):  7556-7560.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.003 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (1869KB) ( 517 )   Save BACKGROUND: Once lumbar degenerative diseases merge with lumbar spinal stenosis, lumbar instability and degenerative scoliosis, surgical therapy is required for corresponding clinical symptoms, and the usage of internal fixators cannot be inevitable. Osteoporosis is rather common in the elderly. Therefore, how to implant stable pedicle screw fixation system in serious osteoporosis patients will be a big difficulty. In recent years, some studies have proven the biomechanical stability of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a  cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw in the vertebral body, so it becomes very hot in the spine surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical efficacy of the use of polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis from Jun 2008 to Jan 2013 were selected, including 11 males and 20 females with an average age of 73.5 years (range, 65-86 years). There were 14 cases of lumbar degenerative stenosis, 9 of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation combined with segmental instability, 6 of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis, and 2 of lumbar degenerative scoliosis. The patients were treated with lumbar canal decompression, fusion and polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation according to their clinical features and imaging data. Visual analog scale for pain evaluation was used before and after fixation, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale was used for assessment of neurological function and life skills before internal fixation and during follow-up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases were followed up for 40 months (range, 36-48months). No screw breakage, rod breakage, screw extraction, loosening, pseudoarticulation formation, or incision infection was found. The postoperative visual analog scale score and the JOA score was remarkably improved (P < 0.05). For patients suffering from lumbar degenerative disease accompanied with osteoporosis, polymethylmethacrylate augmentation of a cannulated and fenestrated pedicle screw fixation is helpful for increasing the stabilization of screw and preventing from loosening and dislocation of the screws, and thereby beneficial for improvement and maintenance of clinical efficacy. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion resistance of titanium implant abutments and implant suprastructure dental alloys Tang Ya, Chen Bi-xin 2014, 18 (47):  7561-7565.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.004 Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (1888KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Domestic scholars use the potentiodynamic polarization technique to determine the corrosion potential of the dental alloys, which is used to evaluate the corrosion performance of the lownoble metal. They have discovered that the main reason affecting corrosion resistance is the content of noble metal. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the corrosion resistance of Ti, Au alloy, Co-Cr alloy, Ti alloy, and Ni-Cr alloy. METHODS: Five alloys were immersed in synthetic saliva solution. The corrosion potential and corrosion current density of the alloys were determined with potentiadynamic polarization technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The galvanic series of five kinds of alloys were ranged as follows: Au alloy > pure Ti > Ti alloy > Co-Cr alloy > Ni-Cr alloy. Au alloy and pure Ti had more positive potential that were not easy to produce corrosion; Ti alloy and Co-Cr alloy could form stable oxidation film with a strong ability of anti-pitting and crevice corrosion; Ni-Cr alloy potential was more negative and easy to be dissolved. The corrosion current density of five kinds of alloys was ranged as follows: Au alloy < pure Ti < Ti alloy < Co-Cr alloy < Ni-Cr alloy. Au alloy and pure Ti had lowest current density which was 10-8, indicating that the corrosion rate of Au alloy and pure Ti was lower; in contrast, Ni-Cr alloy possessed the maximum corrosion rate. These findings indicate that Au alloy and pure Ti exhibit a very high corrosion resistance. The corrosion rate of Ni-Cr alloy is the highest; therefore, Ni-Cr alloy is the least acceptable material for implant suprastucture. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcium phosphate bone cement and biodegradable mesh-like microporous balloon for vertebroplasty Xie Zhi-yong, Liu Xun-wei, Zhong Jian, Wei Dai-xu, Ye Yong, Du Yan-xia, Sun Gang 2014, 18 (47):  7566-7572.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.005 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (3193KB) ( 445 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro experiments have demonstrated that the biodegradable mesh-like microporous balloon made of macromolecular materials has obvious advantage of anti-leakage, which is capable of maintaining calcium homeostasis, has no inhibitory effects on cell growth and on microscopic interdigitation formation between new bone and bone cement. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of biodegradable mesh-like microporous balloon with calcium bone cement on vertebral fractures based on animal experiments. METHODS: The fracture model was established in 48 New Zealand rabbits, in which a bone drill was introduced after successful puncture at sites near left low extremity of the femur. These rabbit models were randomized into two groups: experimental group with calcium phosphate bone cement and biodegradable mesh-like microporous balloon and control group only with calcium phosphate bone cement. Clinical parameters such as blood cell count, biochemistry, and CT/X ray were examined at 1, 3 and 6 months after implantation of the balloon and bone cement. After that, the specimens were fixed for pathological analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The operation was performed under general anesthesia with no eventful infusion of bone cement. The expansion of balloon was satisfactory without definite extravasation of bone cement in the experimental group. In the control group, cement diffusion was found with pulmonary embolism occurring in three New Zealand rabbits. No statistical significance for blood cell counts and biochemistry was found between pre- and postoperation or between two groups. The materials in the two groups had favorable biocompatibility with injured bones without obvious immunological response. In the experimental group, the balloon wall was thinned and partial bone tissues grew into the cement at 1 month; at 3 months, a large amount of bone tissues grew into the cement and cement volume diminished; at 6 months, the balloon disappeared and only a small amount of cement left in the bone tissues. In the control group, it was difficult to determine when the cement degraded. The biodegradable mesh-like microporous balloon combined with calcium bone cement is superior to bone cement alone in the management of vertebral fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The performance research of a mixed material of collagen and clay Wang Jiu-na, Zhao Xing-xu, Tang Jun-jie, Li Gen, Jiang Tuo-zhi, Zhao Ling, Qin Wen, Zhao Hong-bin 2014, 18 (47):  7573-7578.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.006 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (3001KB) ( 516 )   Save BACKGROUND: Attapulgite clay is light with strong water absorption, and it has viscosity and plasticity in wet condition, which has been widely used in various fields. However, there is rarely report about attapulgite clay as bone repair material. OBJECTIVE: To mix collagen with different proportion of attapulgite clay to fabricate a new type of tissue engineering scaffold material for bone repair. METHODS: Collagen and attapulgite clay were melted by dry weight ratio of 1:0, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1 to fabricate scaffold materials. The apparent characteristics of the materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy, the porosity and water absorption of quality of materials were determined before and after 1% genipin cross-linked. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the four different materials. The materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy after 3 days. And the materials were stained by hematoxylin-eosin staining after 7 days. The four different materials cross-linked by 1% genipin were implanted into rats and the degradation of materials was observed 1 month after implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Materials were sponge and porous. The porosity of materials was between 60% and 80% before cross-linked, while the porosity of materials was between 40% and 65% after cross-linked. There was no significant difference among four groups (P > 0.05). The water absorption of quality of the materials was significantly reduced after cross-linked (P < 0.05). The collagen-attapulgite clay scaffolds have good biocompatibility and can be completely degraded and absorbed in vivo without inflammation. The collagen-attapulgite clay materials of different ratios have different biodegradation rates. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Polylactic-co-glycolic acid complex with different concentrations of Schwann cells for peripheral nerve regeneration Sun Huan-wei, Zhang Tie-hui, You Xin-yan, Ren Yuan-fei, Zhong Sheng 2014, 18 (47):  7579-7584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.007 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (2070KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that nerve grafts with Schwann cells can repair peripheral nerve defect and Schwann cells have an important role in nerve regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To observe the rehabilitation status of neutral function after sciatic nerve injury in rats bridged by nerve grafts with Schwann cells. METHODS: A rat model of sciatic nerve injury was established, and schwann cells were primarily cultured. Then, the rat model was repaired with polylactic-co-glycolic acid copolymer-extracellular matrix gel-Schwann cells complex. According to different concentrations of Schwann cells, there were five cell groups from 105/L to 109/L and a control group. The nerve conduction velocity was detected respectively at 3, 6, 12 weeks after modeling; the e tibialis anterior muscle gravity was detected and histological observation was done at 12 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nerve conduction velocities in the cell groups were all higher than that in the control group at 3, 6, 12 weeks after modeling (P < 0.01), and it was highest in the 108/L (P < 0.05). At 12 weeks, hematoxylin-eosin staining of the tibialis anterior muscle showed that the number of normal muscle fibers was higher in the cell groups than the control group (P < 0.05). In the 108/L and 109/L groups, the morphology of tibialis anterior muscle recovered well; the muscle fibers were in strip-like and wavy shapes, grew in the same direction,  and had similar length, thickness and density. These findings indicate that polylactic-co-glycolic acid complex with 108/L Schwann cells is better to promote sciatic nerve regeneration. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of electrospun poly(lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylene glycol nanofibrous scaffold with mouse neural stem cells Liu Chang, Rong Li-min, Li Shang-fu, Pang Mao, Yang Yang, Liu Bin 2014, 18 (47):  7585-7590.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.008 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (2813KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold is widely used in tissue engineering, but its poor cell adhesion ability and strong hydrophobicity limit its further development and application. OBJECTIVE: To study the biocompatibility of electrospun poly (lactide-co-glycolide)/polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG) nanofibrous scaffolds with mouse neural stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Neural stem cells were isolated from embryos of CD-1 mice at 15 embryonic days. Electrospinning was used to prepare PLGA and PLGA-PEG nanofibrous scaffolds. Scanning electron microscope was used for scanning observation of scaffolds. The 5th passage neural stem cells were seeded onto PLGA and PLGA-PEG scaffolds respectively, and cultured in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Interconnected porous network structure was observed in both two kinds of scaffolds under the scanning electron microscope. Fiber diameters and porosities of PLGA and PLGA-PEG scaffolds showed no significant differences (P > 0.05). Cell Counting Kit-8 detection showed neural stem cells grew well on both two kinds of scaffolds and the absorbance value of two groups increased continuously with incubation time (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 days). And there were statistically significant differences in the absorbance values between two groups at each time point (P < 0.05). Moreover, the cell adhesion rate was significantly higher in the PLGA-PEG group than in the PLGA group at 3, 6, 9 hours of culture (P < 0.05). Hoechst 33342 staining showed normal morphology and quality of the nuclei, and significantly more cells were observed in the PLGA-PEG group than the PLGA group (P < 0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, compared with the PLGA scaffold, the PLGA-PEG scaffold was better for growth and matrix secretion of neural stem cells. In conclusion, PLGA-PEG nanofibrous scaffolds prepared by electrospinning are safe, non-toxic and suitable for neural stem cells growth with well biocompatibility, appropriate aperture and porosity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of phosphorus ions on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under three-dimensional culture  Lei Qun, Chen Jiang, Huang Wen-xiu, Wu Dong, Lin Dong 2014, 18 (47):  7591-7596.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.009 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (715KB) ( 444 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous researches have focused on the effect of phosphorus compounds on stem cells from animals or from human. But there is no study on the effect of phosphorus ions on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under three-dimensional culture. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of phosphorus ions on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under three-dimensional culture. METHODS: There were six groups in the experiment. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated in three-dimensional polystyrene scaffolds and then subjected to serum-free growth medium (group 3-GM) or serum-free growth medium containing 4 mmol/L (group 3-4P), 8 mmol/L (group 3-8P) phosphorus ions for 21 days, respectively. Cells cultured on the two-dimensional polystyrene scaffolds were used as control groups (groups 2-GM, 2-4P, 2-8P). Cellular proliferation was examined by cell counting kit-8; the mRNA expressions of osteogenic marker genes were assessed by RT-PCR; the formation of mineralized nodules for the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was examined by Alizarin red staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the two-dimensional culture, the growth of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by phosphorus ions were more obvious in the three-dimensional polystyrenes scaffolds at days 4, 7, 14 and 21 (P < 0.05). Compared with the group 3-GM, the mRNA expression of collagen type I in groups 3-4P and 3-8P increased more significantly at days 7 and 14 (P < 0.05); the mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase in groups 3-4P and 3-8P increased more significantly at day 14 (P < 0.05); the mRNA expression of osteocalcin in groups 3-4P and 3-8P increased more significantly at days 14 and 21 (P < 0.05). Mineralized nodules were formed in groups 3-4P and 3-8P but not in group 3-GM at day 21. So we concluded that phosphorus ions can promote proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional polystyrenes scaffolds. Compared with the two-dimensional cell culture, the promoting growth effect of phosphorus ions on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in three dimensional polystyrenes scaffolds are more obvious. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Heat treatment effect on the fatigue fracture cycle of buccal multiloop Bai Xue-fei, Wang Pei-jun, Xu Shi-qian, Hou Lu1, Liu Yu 2014, 18 (47):  7597-7602.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.010 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (1060KB) ( 766 )   Save BACKGROUND: Buccal Multiloop Removable Appliance can interceptively correct mutiple adolescent malocclusions. But the clinical problem of Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture is not solved yet. How to prolong the fatigue fracture cycle is still in the research stage. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different temperature of heat treatment on the Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture cycle, thereby to select a relatively optimal method to enhance the fatigue fracture cycle. METHODS: Thirty-five left HL-2 Buccal Mltiloops were divided into seven groups according to different ways of heat treatment. Each group consisted of five samples. They were an untreated group, three pre-bending groups (320, 420, 520 ℃ heat treatment before bending) and three post-bending groups (320, 420, 520 ℃ heat treatment after bending). The dental stainless steel wires and Buccal Multiloop were respectively treated by low-temperature annealing. The data were recorded and evaluated after the samples tested by the 3D Simulating Movement of TMJ Testing Machine. The features of fatigue fracture were observed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean values of the Buccal Multiloop fatigue fracture cycle from largest to smallest  were as follows: 520 ℃ pre-bending group > 420 ℃ pre-bending group > 320 ℃ pre-bending group > untreated group > 520 ℃ post-bending group > 320 ℃ post-bending  group > 420 ℃ post-bending group. The fatigue fracture cycle of Buccal Multiloop made of the dental stainless steel wires after 520 ℃ annealing treatment was longer than others. By the observation of scanning electron microscope, the fracture crack extension area had the tendency to expand, transient interruption was delayed and the tissue structure became more uniform. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties of a chitosan tubular scaffold prepared by lyophilization Wu Yu-xuan, Ma Hao, Fu Chong-yang, Jiang Hua-jun, Tao Hong, Qu Wei 2014, 18 (47):  7603-7607.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.011 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (1915KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: The principle of lyophilization is to sublimate the solvent of frozen materials in vacuum and retain the solute, thus making a pore structure. OBJECTIVE: To produce a chitosan tubular scaffold by lyophilization, and to test its physicochemical properties. METHODS: The chitosan tubular material was prepared by lyophilization method, followed by gross observation and electron microscopic observation. The chitosan tubular material samples were placed into PBS solution and pure water for 50 days, respectively, and then immersed in trypsin liquid for 1 day followed by embedded into the muscle and dorsal skin of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats for 30 days. The degradation rate and porosity of the material were observed and calculated. The breaking strength and compressive strength of the material were determined both under drying and soaking conditions using tensile instrument and pressure meter, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The external form of the chitosan tubular material was normally tubular. Under the electron microscope, it was composited by different size pores, and the pore size was 50-200 μm. The degradation rates of the material were (5.33±0.12)% in PBS, (11.26±0.15) in water, 0.012% in the trypsin liquid and (35.2±3.7) in vivo. The porosity rate was (97.5±1.5)%. The breaking strength and compressive strength of the material was higher under the drying state than under the soaking state (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the lyophilization method can produce the chitosan tubular material with good porosity rate and degradation rate as well as good tensile ability and compressive capability. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative analyses of histological and material properties of reticular dermis derived from human, swine and rats Zhang Yong-hu, Song Guo-dong, Zuo Hai-bin, Jia Jun, Ma Yin-dong, Fan Chun-jie, Li Pei-long 2014, 18 (47):  7608-7614.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.012 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (2168KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies of our research group have confirmed that the texture of porcine reticular dermis at lateral ventral part is softer and has more extensibility than other parts. Therefore, it may serve as the raw material of xenogenic acelluar dermal matrix. However, its comparison with human and rat reticular dermis has not been reported systematically in aspects of histomorphology and material characterization. OBJECTIVE: To compare the reticular dermis from the lateral region of porcine abdomen and rat dorsal part with the reticular dermis from human in histology, biomechanics, molecular structure, thermal stability and other properties. METHODS: The reticular dermis samples were taken from adult human, the lateral region of porcine abdomen, the back of rats, for gross observation. Paraffin sections were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining and  sirius red staining under a light microscopy. The relevant data of micrograph were measured by imagine analysis software. These samples were also vacuum-freezing dried and rehydrated, and then their mechanical properties were tested with a electronic tensile machine to calculate the Young’s modulus. Some vacuum-freezing dried samples were powdered and detected by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and simultaneous thermal analyzer. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no differences in collagen fiber bundle diameter of the reticular dermis from adult human and the lateral region of porcine abdomen, but the reticular dermis from the back of rats was thinner than that from adult human (P < 0.01). The gap between the reticular layer of the dermis of the lateral region of porcine abdomen was lower than that from adult human (P < 0.0.1); however, there was no difference in the gap between the reticular layers of the dermis of the rat back and adult human (P=0.17). Collagen fibers of porcine reticular dermis were arranged tightly in disorder; the content of type I collagen and ratio of type I/III collagen were higher than those in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05), but the content of type III collagen was less than that in the reticular dermis from adult human (P < 0.05). Contents of type I and III collagen and their ratio were similar between the reticular dermis of rats and adult human (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Young’s modulus of the three kinds of reticular dermises. Hydrogen bonds involved in the reticular dermal collagen molecules ranged as follows: rats > swine > human. Rat reticular dermis has better thermal stability than that of swine and adult human. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose composite scaffolds Wang Li-xin, Yuan Feng, Wan Yi-zao, He Xiao-bo 2014, 18 (47):  7615-7620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.013 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (2877KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano-hydroxyapatite/bacterial cellulose (nHA/BC) composite scaffolds prepared by nano-bionics method exhibit a structure and performance similar to natural bone. OBJECTIVE: To study the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of nHA/BC composite scaffolds. METHODS: (1) Acute systemic toxicity test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected intraperitoneally into Kunming mice. After 24, 48, 72 hours, the body mass of mice was recorded. (2) Sensitization test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected subcutaneously into the back of Japanese white rabbits. With 72 hours of injection, edema and erythema were observed, and the experiment was done again at an interval of 14 days. (3) Pyrogen test: nHA/BC leach liquor and normal saline were respectively injected into the ear vein of Japanese white rabbits, and after injection, the body temperature of rabbits were determined. (4) Hemolysis test: Diluted rabbit anti-coagulant was added into nHA/BC leach liquor, normal saline and distilled water, respectively. (5) Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rabbits were co-cultured with nHA/BC materials, and then, cell proliferation, growth and adhesion on the material surface were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: nHA/BC composite scaffold was of no acute systemic toxicity, non-allergenic, no pyrogenic and hemolytic reactions; nHA/BC had a three-dimensional porous structure that was better for growth, proliferation and adhesion of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. These findings indicate that the nHA/BC composite scaffold has good biocompatibility and cytocompatibility. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Friction properties of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNy Li Na, Zhou Hai-jing, Han Bing, Zhang Ying-jie, Cao Bao-cheng 2014, 18 (47):  7621-7626.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.014 Abstract ( 513 )   PDF (882KB) ( 685 )   Save BACKGROUND: In previous experiments, TiO2-xNy-coated bracket has been confirmed to have excellent antibacterial properties and biological safety performance. OBJECTIVE: To study the friction properties of orthodontic brackets coated with TiO2-xNy film. METHODS: TiO2-xNy film was prepared by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on MBT bracket (0.022″). The TiO2-xNy-coated brackets were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy observations. The coefficient of static friction and coefficient of kinetic friction between the wires (0.012″, 0.014″, 0.016″) and orthodontic brackets were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TiO2-xNy film on the bracket was of anatase structure, which was compact and had good crystallinity. Under dry condition, the coefficient of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets; under wet condition, the coefficients of static friction and kinetic friction of the brackets coated with TiO2-xNy were less than those of ordinary brackets, but the difference was not statistically significant. Nano-TiO2-xNy film can reduce the friction between bracket and archwire, which will offer a novel opportunity to significantly reduce the friction during tooth movement. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of surface treatment using Er:YAG laser with different parameters on the bond strength of fiber posts Li Xiao-jie, Hu Shu-hai, Dong Ming, Xu Nuo, Ren Xiang, Zuo En-jun 2014, 18 (47):  7627-7632.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.015 Abstract ( 480 )   PDF (752KB) ( 481 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent years, fiber posts and resin cores have been widely used in repairing the endodontically treated teeth with satisfactory effect. Erbium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser is a new type of water power laser system, which can be used for surface treatment of fiber posts. But studies on the effect of Er:YAG laser surface treatment on the bond strength of fiber posts are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surface treatment utilizing Er:YAG laser irradiation with different parameters on the bond strength of fiber posts to root canal dentin. METHODS: Fifty human maxillary central incisors that had similar dimensions were used. After endodontic treatment, removal of the crown and canal preparation, ParaPost FIBER LUX glass fiber posts were cemented into the root canals. According to the method of surface treatment, 50 teeth were randomly divided into: no surface treatment as control group; four groups undergoing surface preparation with Er:YAG laser with four different power settings (150, 250, 350 and 450 mJ at 10 Hz for 60 s at 100-μs pulse duration), named 1.5, 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 W Er:YAG laser irradiation groups, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean bond strength values reduced from the cervical to the apical root canal, and the bond strength of the dental cervix was significantly different from that of middle and apical thirds (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the middle and apical thirds (P > 0.05). Regardless of the different part of the root slices, the bond strength was highest in the 4.5 W Er:YAG laser irradiation group, showing significant difference from other groups (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that 4.5 W Er:YAG laser irradiation significantly increases the bond strength of the fiber posts to root canal dentin. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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everStick Fibre reinforced composites for too small anterior edentulous space restoration Jia Shuang, Wang De-fang 2014, 18 (47):  7633-7637.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.016 Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (628KB) ( 693 )   Save BACKGROUND: The fiber-reinforced composite resin adhesion fixed bridge produced by everStick fibre reinforced composites is a kind of minimally invasive fixed prosthesis technology in recent years, which is well  thought of patients and clinicians because of its small tooth preparation, high success rate of bonding, good esthetic effects, strong mechanical properties and easy to intraoral repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the advantage of everStick fibre reinforced composites on too small anterior edentulous space restoration. METHODS: A total of 23 patients with maxillary lateral incisor missing and with small edentulous space were collected and renovated with everStick fibre reinforced composites produced by StickTech in Finland. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: everStick fibre reinforced composites for repair of too small anterior edentulous space with adhesion fixed bridge could not only avoid the overclosed occlusion on adjacent teeth like fixed denture, but also avoid the usage of clasp and uncomfortableness such as removable denture. During the follow-up of 6-30 months, 23 patients had no signs of loosening, debonding, fracture, excessive wear, secondary caries, margin dying of restoration and exhibited good margins and composite luting-cement interface, unchanged color, good esthetic effects. The patients were very satisfied with the restoration. The results indicate that everStick fibre reinforced composites for restoration of too small anterior edentulous space can achieve good abrasion resistance and high mechanical strength, unchanged color, have little damage to abutment and have good esthetic effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Varnish XT and ICON resin infiltration treatment on the microhardness of white spot lesions Guo Jing, Zhao Xiao-yi, Wu Pei-ling 2014, 18 (47):  7638-7642.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.017 Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (647KB) ( 660 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the treatment of early caries, fluoride can be used for remineralization of white spot lesions. Varnish XT (durable fluoride-releasing coating) and ICON penetration resins are two new materials. Varnish XT as a new type of resin reinforced glass ionomer can be selected as mineralized material. ICON penetration resin is a high-permeability resin with good liquidity that can infiltrate by capillary action into the pores created by enamel demineralization. Low-viscosity resin is used to replace the lost hard tissue due to demineralization and occupy the micropores, so as to fill the region of enamel demineralization and prevent further development of lesions. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of two minimally invasive surgical treatment materials, Varnish XT and ICON penetrating resin, on the microhardness of enamel caries white spot. METHODS: Totally 100 incisors of cows were selected, embedded with ethoxyline resin and polished. The lip side facing down served as the observation side. An area of at least 6 mm×10 mm on the enamel face was exposed, and there were five regions from incisal to dental cervix, A, B, C, D, E. After demineralization liquid for artificial caries, no treatment was adopted in region A, treatment with Varnish XT was for region B, treatment with ICON penetrating resin for region C, treatment with fluoride for region D, and region E was sealed with antacid nail. Surface micro-hardness was detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After demineralization, surface micro-hardness of regions A, B, C, D decreases remarkably as compared with region E (P < 0.05). Surface micro-hardness of regions B, C, D was higher than that of region A, and ranged as follows: C > B and D for surface micro-hardness with statistical significance (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance of surface micro-hardness between regions B and D (P > 0.05). ICON resin infiltration, Varnish XT and fluoride have obvious improvement effects on surface micro-hardness, and ICON resin infiltration is superior to Varnish XT and fluoride. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application values of glass fiber post and cast metal post in the repair of dental defects Huang Ju 2014, 18 (47):  7643-7647.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.018 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (661KB) ( 670 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that fiber post is superior to cast metal post in the restoration of large-area dental defects, in prognostic terms of post and core crown off, post and core breakage, root fracture. OBJECTIVE: To explore the application value of glass fiber post and cast metal post in restoration of tooth defects. METHODS: Totally 100 patients with dental defects (150 teeth; 51 males and 48 females) were selected and randomly divided into observation group (50 cases, 70 teeth) and control group (50 cases, 80 teeth). All of the patients were treated with glass fiber post and metal post repair. After repair, all the patients were followed up for 1-3 years. The repair effect of the two groups were observed and compared in terms of integrity, color matching, marginal fit, periodontal pocket depth, alkaline phosphatase activity and post and core crown damage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 1 year of repair, the observation group was better than the control group in aspects of marginal fit and color matching (P < 0.05); after 1-3 years, the alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly lower in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05), and there was no difference in the periodontal probing depth between the two groups; while the observation group exhibited higher successful rate than the control group (P < 0.05). The results show that compared with the cast metal post, glass fiber post is better for restoration of tooth defects, exhibiting better restoration effect and long-term success rate, which is conducive to the maintenance of periodontal health. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Hyaluronic acid for the treatment of chronic periodontitis can effectively promote periodontal tissue regeneration Yao Xi, Li Yun-sheng, Li Hong-mei, Dai Yong-yu 2014, 18 (47):  7648-7652.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.019 Abstract ( 1162 )   PDF (689KB) ( 1622 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid has antioxidant, immune regulation, anti-inflammatory roles as well as promotes wound healing. Hyaluronic acid is more and more applied in the treatment of chronic periodontitis and achieves a significant effect. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects of local application of sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Sixty cases of chronic periodontitis (300 teeth) were selected. According to self-control method, the teeth in district A, 150 premolars or molars, were as experimental group, and other 150 teeth in district B served as control group. In the experimental group, periodontal scaling, subgingival scaling, and local application of Gengigel gel (0.2% hyaluronic acid) in the gingival sulcus were employed; in the control group, the treatment was same to that in the experimental group except local application of Gengigel gel. During 8-week follow-up, dental plaque index, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and clinical attachment loss were changed dynamically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, all the measurement indexes were improved remarkably in the two groups. However, there was no difference in the dental plaque index between the two groups at 1, 4, 8 weeks after treatment. The sulcus bleeding index was lower in the experimental group than the control group at 1, 4, 8 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05). The periodontal probing depth of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group at 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05). The clinical attachment loss was lower in the experimental group than the control group at 8 weeks (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that periodontal treatment with local application of sodium hyaluronate in the gingival sulcus is significantly effective for the treatment of chronic periodontitis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Three-dimensional tissue engineering scaffolds with electrospinning technique: application and prospects Zhang Kai-le, Wang Ying, Guo Xu-ran, Chen Jian-feng, Mo Xiu-mei, Fu Qiang, Chen Rong 2014, 18 (47):  7653-7658.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.020 Abstract ( 216 )   PDF (597KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: The electrospinning technique has been used to prepare biological scaffolds to simulate nano-fiber structure of extracellular matrix; therefore, widespread attention has been paid to the electrospinning technique in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To review the articles about increasing electrospun nanofiber scaffold porosity, enlarging pore diameter, promoting cell infiltration with related technologies, in order to discover the most practical and economical technology. METHODS: The first author retrieved CNKI database, Wanfang database and PubMed with the keywords of “cell infiltration, 3D scaffold, electrospinning” in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature retrieval period was from January 2004 to October 2014. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electrospinning technology is the most effective method for preparation of nanofiber scaffolds. Electrospinning scaffolds as tissue engineering scaffolds have become an issue of concern in the basic research year by year. However, the internal nano-scale pore of nanofiber scaffolds limits the cells to grow on the surface, so recent research has been focused on highly porous three-dimensional structure which can promote the permeable growth of cells instead of two-dimensional scaffolds. Several techniques have been used, which go from the adjustment of materials and speed of electrospinning to the applications of various kinds of complicated machines. However, the existing researches are still not mature and stable, the majority of which are applied only in vitro as cell implantation or subcutaneous implantation in small animals. The above-mentioned methods still need long-term comparative studies to confirm the feasibility in the tissue-engineered repair of organs. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bladder tissue engineering scaffold: its application and vascularized strategies Qi Na, Li Li-xi, Tian Hong 2014, 18 (47):  7659-7665.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.021 Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (659KB) ( 718 )   Save BACKGROUND: Along with the increasing improvement of bladder tissue engineering research, the vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder after implantation becomes an issue of concern. OBJECTIVE: Combined with relevant literature in recent years, to review the choice, design and application of scaffold materials for bladder tissue engineering as well as vascularized strategies following implantation. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKI databases for articles relevant to biological scaffold materials in bladder tissue engineering and vascularization of tissue-engineered bladder published between January 2000 to September 2014 using the keywords of “tissue engineering; bladder; biomaterials/scaffolds; vascularization” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recently, the biological scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering include two main categories: natural biomaterials and synthetic polymers. The major target of bladder tissue engineering remains to prepare the best cell-seeded scaffolds, to determine the best source of stem cells, to explore the best differentiation way of stem cells, and to promote angiogenesis and nerve regeneration of implanted scaffolds. Thereinto, promoting vascularization of scaffold materials and building complex tissues is most challenging. At present, it is still difficult to precisely control the directional proliferation, migration and differentiation of the attached endometrial cells. Although the vascular network is necessary for the nutrient supply and metabolic waste removal of cells or tissues, strategies to promote angiogenesis or vasculogenesis are still limited. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vacuum sealing drainage technology in combination with multiple factors for treatment of severe soft tissue injury Liu Hao, Sun Lei, Qi Yan, Tian Jun 2014, 18 (47):  7666-7671.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.022 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (723KB) ( 600 )   Save BACKGROUND: The technique of vacuum sealing drainage, initially used for better wound healing, has been widely applied to all kinds of refractory wounds. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress in vacuum sealing drainage for treatment of severe soft tissue injury. METHODS: An electronic retrieve was performed in Wanfang database, VIP database and PubMed database from January 1989 to August 2014 was performed for papers regarding the vacuum sealing drainage technology with the key words of “vacuum sealing drainage technology; injury; gentamicin; hyperbaric oxygen; nerve growth factor; chymotrypsin” in Chinese or English. Finally 48 articles were involved in the final analysis according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Vacuum sealing drainage is a highly effective treatment technique to promote wound healing which can promote wound blood circulation, reduce swelling, inhibit bacterial growth, stimulate growth of granulation tissue by mechanical stress, inhibit cell apoptosis, thereby helping wound healing. Compared to conventional open-dressings, vacuum sealing drainage has a faster wound healing speed, lower infection rate, and fewer dressing change frequency. With recent advances in medicine, vacuum sealing drainage technology cannot be simply used for treatment of skin soft tissue damage, but in combination with gentamicin, hyperbaric oxygen, nerve growth factor and chymotrypsin to achieve better therapeutic effects. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of biodegradable materials in the clinical treatment and care of gynecology and obstetrics Huang Ling, Ge Fei, Wu Yan 2014, 18 (47):  7672-7676.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.023 Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (707KB) ( 573 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, the biodegradable materials with good biocompatibility and with no adverse reaction have been widely applied in the clinical treatment and care of gynecology and obstetrics. The development of the biodegradable material is very rapid. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application of biodegradable materials in gynecology and obstetrics. METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases for articles related to biodegradable materials in gynecology and obstetrics using the keywords of “degraded materials, biodegradable materials, gynecological care, surgery” in Chinese and English respectively. This article has an outlook of the potential application in gynecology and obstetrics based on clinical experience. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biodegradable materials with good biocompatibility and biological security play an important role in biomedical materials. Their polymers and degradation products show small adverse reactions to the body, and have good biomechanical properties, physical and chemical properties and good workability, which have been widely used in gynecology and obstetrics, such as absorbable stylolite and tampon tape. Although we have made a great progress on the biomaterial research, it still has the limitation and safety flaws in the clinic. As the biomaterial research is further developed, the biomaterial application prospect will be more promising. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Properties and biomedical applications of shape memory polymers Zhu Wen-chao, Cui Hai-po, Guo Dan-yi, Xu Yan-kun 2014, 18 (47):  7677-7682.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.024 Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (744KB) ( 1256 )   Save BACKGROUND: Shape memory polymer is a new type of functional material. The applications of shape memory polymers in the biomedical field have increasingly been paid close attention. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics and applications of shape memory polymers. METHODS: SpringerLink and China Journal Full text Database were searched for articles related to shape memory polymers. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a new type of intelligence material, shape memory polymers have lots of advantages compared with shape memory alloy and shape memory ceramics, such as low density, light weight, low cost, high shape-recovery rate, easy to regulate the shape memory temperature, to dye, to shape and to be stimulated under expected switch temperature. Especially for polyurethane, the structure-property relationships are extremely easy to control, the shape memory temperature can be set in a wide range from -30 ℃ to 70 ℃, and it has the biocompatibility. Due to these, shape memory polymers have great potentials in applications of biomedical engineering. But the comprehensive properties of the developed shape memory polymers are not satisfactory. For example, the polynorbornene has big recovery stress, fast recovery velocity and high recovery precision, but its relative molecular mass is very big, the molecularchain is long, and processing is difficult. Furthermore, most of shape memory polymers have small recovery stress, slow recovery velocity, low recovery precision and unsatisfied repeat memory effect. The key problems for shape memory polymers include optimization of the function of shape memory and improvement of the comprehensive properties based on the technologies of molecular design and material modification. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Utilization of talc pleurodesis via thoracoscopy in the treatment of refractory malignant pleural effusion Wang Zuo-pei, Wei Hai-tao, Zhang Feng, Zhang Hai-feng, Hu Bao-li 2014, 18 (47):  7683-7688.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.025 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (678KB) ( 711 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although thoracoscopy wiith pleurodesis is regarded as a positive and effective way for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion, the merit and demerit of sclerosants are directly related to postoperative recovery and the success of pleurodesis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of talc pleurodesis via thoracoscopy in the treatment of refractory malignant pleural effusions METHODS: There were 14 male and 15 female patients in this study, age ranging from 38 to 79 years. All patients with refractory malignant pleural effusion underwent talc pleurodesis under thoracoscopy. The postoperative adverse reactions, chest CT scan 1 month after operation and the fluid drainage were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-nine patients with chest pain were observed in this study. Eighteen patients could relieve the pain itself without medications, eight patients required oral Tramadol and three patients took Demerol or morphine orally to ease the pain. Fever occurred in three cases at 3 days after operation. Neither pneumonedema, acute respiratory failure, nor death ocurred postoperatively. One month later, complete successful pleurodesis was achieved in 24 cases, and partial successful in 3 cases, and unsuccessful in 2 cases. The results indicate that thoracoscopy with talc pleurodesis can be regarded as a positive and effective way for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Platelet-rich plasma for treatment of ischiogluteal bursitis Shen Zi-wei, Lin Zi-hong, Zheng Qiu-jian, Wang Liang-ze, Ye Sheng-long, Li Sheng, Qian Si-nong 2014, 18 (47):  7689-7696.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.026 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (820KB) ( 467 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ischiogluteal bursitis has been recognized for a long time, but its treatment still limits to local blocking injection and surgery methods that were developed 40 years ago. OBJECTIVE: To observe the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma on ischiogluteal bursitis. METHODS: Data of 15 patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were collected. All the patients with ischiogluteal bursitis were treated with bilateral platelet-rich plasma (n=10) or local blocking injection (n=5). Patients’ outcomes were assessed by visual analogue scale, the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication (TSQM) Version II and recurrence rate. The follow-up time was from 6 to 14 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no statistical difference in visual analogue scale score between the platelet-rich plasma group and local blocking group (F=0.219, P=0.643), but the score of visual analogue scale in the platelet-rich plasma group was higher during short-term follow-up (within 1 week after treatment), but lower in the long-term follow-up. In the aspects of overall satisfaction score, clinical effectiveness and side effects, the platelet-rich plasma group was inferior to the local blocking group at short-term follow-up, especially at 1 week after treatment; however, these scores became better in the platelet-rich plasma group than the local blocking group during the long-term follow-up period. In addition, no statistical difference in the convenience score was found between the two groups. At the last follow-up, the recurrence rate in the platelet-rich plasma group was lower than that in the local blocking group. Both the platelet-rich plasma and local blocking injection can significantly reduce the pain of patients with ischiogluteal bursitis. Local blocking injection has better short-term effectiveness. Platelet-rich plasma injection works moderately, but its effectiveness can last for longer time, and the recurrence rate is lower. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different root canal cleaning methods on root canal dentin microleakage Gao Shi-jun, Li Wen-wen, Tan Xiao-li, Jia Xiao-ke, Xiao Yuan-yuan, Wang Dong-xia, Hou Yu-ze, Huang Yan-jun, Jiang Jia-zhen 2014, 18 (47):  7697-7701.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.027 Abstract ( 411 )   PDF (658KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: Microleakage between restoration, tooth structure and bonding agent can cause the entry of bacteria and liquid in the mouth into the gap, thereby damaging the bonding interface between the restoration and tooth tissues, and leading to bond failure. Microleakage detection can directly show whether the closure of the root canal of post and core system is good or bad. The severity of microleakage directly affects the restorative effects of post and core. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of different root canal cleaning methods on the microleakage between the fiber post and root canal dentin. METHODS: Thirty fresh non-caries premolar posts with free root canal in vitro were randomly divided into five groups, and the root canal wall was respectively washed with saline, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution+17% ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA)+saline, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution+5.25% sodium hypochlorite+ saline, 3% hydrogen peroxide solution+2% chlorhexidine solution+saline, and 2% chlorhexidine solution+17% EDTA+saline in different groups. Super-bond C&B adhesive agent was used for bonding fiber post, and the microleakage of each sample was observed under stereomicroscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The severity of microleakage in the all groups was ranged as follows: saline group > 3% hydrogen peroxide solution+5.25% sodium hypochlorite+saline group > 5.25% sodium hypochlorite solution+17% EDTA+saline and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution+2% chlorhexidine solution+saline groups > 2% chlorhexidine solution+17% EDTA+saline group. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A meta-analysis of effectiveness of an implant-supported mandibular overdenture retained with a ball attachment Huang Yan, Guo Na 2014, 18 (47):  7702-7708.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.47.028 Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (688KB) ( 531 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is no design that can completely rule out the intermittent impact damage to implants, therefore, a new ball attachment-retained implant system is constantly updated and developed. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of an implant-supported mandibular overdenture retained with a ball attachment. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, EM-base, WanFang Data, CNKI, VIP and other databases by computer to collect randomized controlled trials addressing the implant-supported mandibular overdenture retained with a ball attachment and other control methods for dentures. The time limit was from database creation to February 2014. Two researchers independently completed literature screening according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, data extraction and quality assessment. RevMan 5.1 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 10 studies included in result analysis, including 7 from China and 3 from other countries. Analysis results showed that statistical heterogeneity was remarkable in included studies, and there was no significant difference in patient’s satisfaction, clinical and objective indicators, and complications, suggesting that this approach continues to be explored in clinic. The implant-supported ball attachment-retained mandibular overdenture is relatively expensive, which is identical with the current research progress that is in the exploration stage worldwide. Due to the limited quantity and quality of included studies, the conclusions of this systematic review only provide references for clinical practice and research. The implant-supported ball attachment-retained mandibular overdenture still needs further exploration and improvement. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics