Loading...

Table of Content

    22 January 2010, Volume 14 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    Three-dimensional CT reconstruction for analysis of normal acetabular spatial contour and its curvature transformation
    Wang Yu-kun, Xu Gang, Zhang Jian-li, Zhang Hong
    2010, 14 (4):  571-576.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.001
    Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (448KB) ( 875 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The determination of the normal acetabular spatial contour, the pattern of its curvature transformation, and adaptability between acetabulum and femoral head plays an important role in the description of spatial relationship of the hip joint, the management and evaluation of hip disorders, especially developmental dysplasia of the hip.
    OBJECTIVE: Based on spiral three-dimensional CT data of normal hip joints, to create isoline map of each acetabulum and femoral head by a well-developed and cooperating programmed computer software so as to determine the normal acetabular spatial contour and the pattern of its curvature transformation.
    METHODS: Three-dimensional CT data of 56 normal hip joints, aged from 6 to 17 years, were collected. After three-dimensional simulation and surface shade display (SSD) reconstruction by a well-developed VxWork software, the isoline map was created using contours map in Geomorphology, and each isoline map of the normal acetabulum and femoral head was analyzed via a specific computer software (Terrain).
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The isoline array of normal acetabulum revealed the modality of some concentric “C” or oval “O”, with at least one close “O” at the central zone, indicating that there existed dome shape at the superior zone of acetabulum. The modality of sparse isolines around dome illustrated larger curvature radius and more slowgoing change of spatial contour transformation of this zone, while the dense isolines on the bottom zone of acetabulum represented a small curvature radius, steep shape, and rapid changing profile of this zone. The isoline array of normal femoral head was multiple concentric “O” with different space between each line. The congruence isolines of acetabular dome and superior surface of femoral head emerged as the similar trend of geomorphological characteristics, revealing that both the spatial contour and the curvature pattern between acetabulum and femoral head are well-adaptable to each other. Results show that the isolines of acetabulum and femoral head can stereoscopicly visualize the spatial contour and curvature pattern of the topographic surface of the hip joint.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Femoral head coverage fate measured by CT three-dimensional reconstruction in developmental dislocation of the hip following manual close reduction: A 3-year follow-up analysis　
    Ge Fu-zhang, Liu Fu-qi
    2010, 14 (4):  577-580.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.002
    Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (313KB) ( 524 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Spiral CT three-dimensional reconstruction has been used to observe the femoral head coverage fate of developmental dislocation of the hip (DDH). However, most of research containing certain observing point, which lack of long-term follow-up and comprehensive analysis. This article wants to fill the gaps.
    OBJECTIVE: To study changes of femoral head coverage fate in DDH child after 3 years treatment by CT reconstruction. 
    METHODS: Totally 73 patients with unilateral DDH treated by aluminium plate after manual close reduction was selected. Spiral CT scanning of femoral articulation was performed at 1 day before and 12, 24, and 36 months after reduction to measure the femoral head coverage fate changes. The normal hip of patient was served as control.　
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were included in the 42-53 months follow-up. After treatment, the femoral head coverage fate of patients were obviously than that of before treatment (P < 0.01), which gradually approach to the normal level in 3 years, the first year after treatment is a key period for acetabulum development. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effect of different convergent conditions on accuracy of simulation results from a three dimensional finite element model of the pelvic ring
    Dong Sen, Ji Tao, Guo Wei, Tang Shun
    2010, 14 (4):  581-584.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.003
    Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (1000KB) ( 431 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of different convergent conditions on accuracy of simulation results from a three dimensional finite element model of the pelvic ring.
    METHODS: A first-order linear load of 600 was applied on the S1 vertebral endplate in an established three-dimensional finite element model. The step length was set to 0.1 s. The boundary condition was set as constraint of 6 degrees of freedom in the proximal femur. Static and dynamic explicit convergences with 6 different weight scale factors were calculated retrospectively, and all the simulated results were compared with the experimental results in order to verify the accuracy.
    RESULTS: The static convergence predicted most accurate with the linear regression coefficient 0.88. With the increase of weight scale factor, the time cost decreased. However, the accuracy of the predicted results decreased. There was statistically difference between the simulation results and experimental results when the weight scale factor achieved 3 000 (P < 0.05) and the coefficient of linear regression was lower than 0.8.
    CONCLUSION: It suggested that as for the complex finite element model, especially when the model contains complex contact conditions, dynamic explicit convergence can be an alternative solution to static convergence if the latter failed. Also proper weight scale factor should be used to decrease the time cost under the condition that the error was in the limited.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Computer-aided artificial prosthetic replacement for acetabular tumor
    Liang Wen-qing, Zheng Long-po, Cai Zheng-dong, Li Jian, Hua Ying-qi
    2010, 14 (4):  585-588.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.004
    Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (503KB) ( 568 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There are disputes concerning limb salvage and reconstruction in treating pelvis malignant tumor.   
    OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical treatment following resection of tumor at acetabular region in order to restore pelvic stability with less damage or recurrence.
    METHODS: Thirty-three patients diagnosed with pelvic tumor at Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Second Military Medical University from April 2002 to June 2008 were selected. All patients were received tumor resection and computer-aided prosthetic replacement, 18 patients (8 cases with chondrosarcoma, 2 cases with Ewing sarcoma, 2 cases with osteosarcoma, and 6 cases with malignant fibrous histiocytoma) were combined with antitumor drug treatment. Functional assessment of therapeutic efficacy was divided into 4 levels: excellent, good, moderate, and inferior.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two patients died at months 4 and 6 after prosthetic replacement; 31 cases were followed-up for 8-32 months, mean 12.5 months. Seven cases were recurred chondrosarcoma, the recovery of other patients were as follow: 18 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, 2 cases were moderate and no case was inferior. Most of limb function and pelvic stability was preserved. The results suggested that malignant fibrous histiocytoma and Ewing sarcoma can receive a high rate of limb preservation if treated by effective chemotherapy with low recurrence; the recurrence of chondrosarcoma was high. Tumor resection combined with computer-aided prosthetic replacement can maximatily reserve limb function and raise life quality.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Establishment of an individualized femoral model
    Wang Zhi-gang, Yang Yang, Ma Xin-long, Ma Jian-xiong, Zhang Yuan
    2010, 14 (4):  589-593.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.005
    Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (2103KB) ( 818 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Establishment of individual femoral model can describe the stereochemical structure of femoral accurately, which is conductive to measuring femoral anatomic forms. This model possesses unified standard, and removing the potential confounding factors, thus, it is more suitable for biomechanical test.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore a method for establishing an accurate individual femoral model.
    METHODS: A male, healthy, volunteer was selected from General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, and the cross section of femur was successive scanned by 16 slice CT. In accordance with Dicom 3.0 standard, the CT image was reconstructed using Mimics software to establish the space model, and UG software was used to type on the workpiece, and cimatron software was used to sort, then set the coordinate system of computer numerical control machining, clamp and correct the workpiece to produce mold toolpath, so the mold was established. The femur model made by mould was compared with the femur by the method of point cloud.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An individual femur model was produced. The comparison results of point cloud showed that error was in allowing range. This is an advisable method to make a femoral model, which can achieve predetermined requirement.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Reconstruction of a three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae using CT in combination with reverse engineering software
    Li Xiao-he, Li Zhi-jun, Li Shao-hua, Xu Da-chuan, You Bo, Wang Xing
    2010, 14 (4):  594-597.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.006
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (427KB) ( 885 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies of spinal biomechanics are conducted based on three-dimensional finite element model. The biomechanics of lower thoracic vertebra requires accurate and precise finite element models due to its structural characteristics. Currently, cervical and lumbar finite element models have been explored, but the studies of lower thoracic vertebra remains unclear. 
    OBJECTIVE: Using reverse engineering software to reconstruct three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebra, to lay a foundation for further biomechanical research.
    METHODS: Imaging samples of one case with no spinal disease or osteoporosis were selected from Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College. Informed content was obtained. Using non-spinal-disease CT data, three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae and intervertebral discs were reconstructed with Mimics, Gomagic and Ansys softwares.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Using reverse engineering software in combination with CT technique, the three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was reconstructed. The model accurately showed their anatomic characteristics and discrimination of inner structure. The lower thoracic vertebrae was divided into 112 540 tetrahedron elements. Results show that using reverse engineering software, a three-dimensional finite element model of lower thoracic vertebrae was successfully reconstructed, with high efficiency of establishment and simple operation.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Biomechanical finite element analysis of adjacent vertebral bodies following percutaneous kyphoplasty
    Han Zi-yin, Lu Qing-lin, Zhang Jing-tao, Zhang Wen-qiang
    2010, 14 (4):  598-602.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.007
    Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (464KB) ( 573 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The incidence of the adjacent vertebral fracture after kyphoplasty is about 2.4%-23.0%, and 2/3 of new fractures occurred in adjacent vertebrae in 6 months. There is controversy addressing the reason which is the development of osteoporosis or the result of bone cement augment at present. 
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the correlations between percutaneous kyphoplasty on adjacent vertebral endoplates stresses pressure under physiologianl load and a new fracture of adjacent vertebral body in physiological load.
    METHODS: Computed tomography (CT) data of an old female osteoporotic patient was selected, and a three-dimensional finite element model of the osteoporotic thoracolumbar spine T12-L1-L2 was created by using kinds of computer aided design software. The height of vertebral L1 was compressed by 60% to simulated the compressed fracture, and the height of L1 became the 90% of normal to simulate the replacement, two columns-like PAMA mass (4 mL) was placed in vertebral L1 to simulate percutaneous kyphoplasty. The stress on inferior endplate of T12 and superior endplate of L2 was compared with three models.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the normal vertebral body, the maximum stress in the adiacent vertebral bodies endplates increased by 76% for L1 compress fracture model and increased by 27% for kyphoplasty model, respectively. The stress on the posterior part of vertebral body after percutaneous kyphoplasty have an average increase of 13.2%, of which 4.5% increase in the pedicle, isthmus, and 6.15 % increased in the key points 25.6%, but with the wedge-shaped fracture of L1 vertebral body compared to the model, percutaneous kyphoplasty after pedicle, isthmus and the articular process had reduced stress. The results indicate that the stress on inferior endplate of T12 and superior endplate of L1 increased after percutaneous kyphoplasty under all loading conditions. Increased stress may lead endplate fracture, and increase the risk of adjacent vertebral body fracture. Further researches are needed to support the conclusion.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Measurement of vertebrae rotational degree with the entry point of pedicle screws: Bi-directional verification by experimental and clinical results
    Yin Hai-dong, Huang Ming-guang, Zhao Hong-bin, Peng Yan, Du Kai-li, Huang Dong-sheng
    2010, 14 (4):  603-608.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.008
    Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (299KB) ( 447 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Vertebrae axial rotation is a basic deformity of scoliosis, the rotational degree of which is hard to measure due to the field limitation of posterior spinal instrumentation. Currently, vertebrae rotational degree is measured according to preoperative X-ray film or CT, while no reports concerning measuring vertebrae rotational degree during operation.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of measurement of vertebrae rotational degree with the entry point of pedicle screws.
    METHODS: Design of the path of pedicle screws on CT scans before surgery, a line bisection and perpendicular to another connecting bilateral entry point of pedicle screws, and the angle of vertebral rotation (EPPsag) was taken as the angle between this line and the saggital plane. The difference among vertebrae rotational degrees measured by conimeter, Ho’s method and EPPsag was compared by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The intra-observer and inter-observer difference was analyzed with One-Way ANOVA. Conimeter was used to measure vertebrae rotational degree of each vertebra in 9 lumbar specimens, and the results was compared to EPPsag. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference among EPPsag, actual rotational degree and measuring results of Ho’s method (P > 0.05). The One-Way ANOVA showed that the differences between intra-observer analysis and inter-observer analysis (P > 0.05). The results demonstrated that EPPsag can exhibit vertebrae rotational degree accurately and repeatability. This anger can be obtained accurately with the instrument if the vertebrae rotational degree not exceeding 30°.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of Wallis dynamic stabilization system in surgical treatment of lumbar segmental instability: Effect evaluation
    Liang Chun-xiang, Chen Ke-bing, Liu Shao-yu, Han Guo-wei, Long Hou-qing, Wei Fu-xin, Huang Yang-liang
    2010, 14 (4):  609-614.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.009
    Abstract ( 277 )   PDF (930KB) ( 881 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Posterior lumbar non-fusion devices have been developed to control vertebral column movement, change load pattern of instability segment, restrict abnormal action, as well as avoid adjacent segment degeneration.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of Wallis dynamic stabilization system in the treatment of lumbar vertebrae instability. 
    METHODS: Ten cases suffering from lumbar instability were selected, including 3 males and 7 females, aged 43-65 years. One patient sustained L 1/2 and L 4/5 segmental instability, one was L 2/3 and another was L 3/4, and the others were L 4/5. Two patients complicated with lumbar disc herniation and 7 patients combined with lumbar spinal stenosis at the same affected segment, and 3 patients associated with lumbar spinal stenosis at adjacent segment. All unstable segments were treated with decompression, posterior implantation of Wallis dynamic stabilization system. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores for low back pain and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were used to evaluate clinical outcomes. In addition, the range of motion (ROM) at the instrumented segment and adjacent segments and posterior disc height (PDH) in standing and extension position at L 4/5 segment were also measured.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were followed-up for 2-13 months, mean 9.2 months. The mean operation duration was 128 minutes (90-185 minutes), with bleeding volume of 264 mL (50-600 mL). Sings and symptoms of all patients were improved significantly after operation, except one patient with recurrence of L 4/5 lumbar spinal stenosis at 3 month after surgery, whose symptoms relieved by revision with fenestration and decompression. The postoperative VAS was dramatically decreased than that of preoperation (P=0.003); the JOA score was obviously increased (P=0.002), and the ODI score was decreased (P=0.008). The postoperative range of motion decreased significantly (P < 0.05). However, there was no obviously difference between preoperative and postoperative L 3/4, L5/S1 and posterior disc height (P > 0.05). Good clinical results can be achieved by surgical intervention with Wallis dynamic stabilization system in treating lumbar vertebrae instability.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Meta analysis of cervical disc replacement versus anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical syndrome
    Tang Wen, Liu Zhi-li, Shu Yong
    2010, 14 (4):  615-620.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.010
    Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (286KB) ( 2428 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a gold standard to treat degenerative cervical syndrome. However, with the increasing application and follow-up data of ACDF, its adverse effects have been shown. In the past 20 years, artificial cervical disc replacement has been widely used in clinic, and the therapeutic effect is favorable.
    OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of cervical disc replacement versus ACDF for cervical radiculopathy or myelopathy.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of Medline (1966/2009-06), Embase (1966/2009-06), CBM (2009-06) and CNKI (2009-06), as well as Cochrane Back Group, and Cochrane library were performed to collect randomized controlled trials of cervical disc replacement versus ACDF. Data were evaluated by RevMan4.2.2 for Meta analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 15 studies were included. Meta-analysis indicates that no differences were found in the mean operation time, mean blood loss, mean hospital stay, satisfaction rate, and complication between two groups; the reoperation rate of the disc replacement group was lower than ACDF group in two years postoperation; disc replacement group was more efficient in improving cervical function indexes than ACDF group, and the postoperative SF-36 scores were significantly more than ACDF group. Moreover, postoperative motion range of affected segment was significantly greater in the disc replacement group than the ACDF, and the motion rage of adjacent segment was significantly increased in patients underwent ACDF compared with disc replacement treatment. However, there may be bias, more randomized controlled trials are required.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Design of a combination robot for tele-rehabilitation training: Applicability and safety
    Peng Si, Yang Shuo, Song Ai-guo, Qin Hong-yun
    2010, 14 (4):  621-624.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.011
    Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 563 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The studies concerning rehabilitation robot step later in China, many of which are assisted rehabilitation robot rather than rehabilitation training robot. Currently, the rehabilitation instruments in China can not satisfy the intelligentification and man-machine engineered requirement of robots.  
    OBJECTIVE: Considering the predicament of supply and demand relationship of medical service for rehabilitation, to propose a combined robot system for assisted tele-rehabilitation based on remote operation technology and medical device.
    METHODS: Considering the safety, magneto-rheological damper and direct current machine was adopted to design a combined manipulator, which utilizing tele-robot technology in training limb disability patients. According to the remote setting of rehabilitation therapist, patients could perform rehabilitation exercise, which can realize real-time and precision of stiffness display.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The clients are patients who have upper limbs movement disorders. Through disassembly and combination of the mechanical arms, it can provide different training modes and therapeutic schemes. The adoption of computer network technology allows the patients to accomplish rehabilitation according to the settings of the physicians via internet; the applications of virtual reality technology greatly raise the enthusiasm in patients and improve the rehabilitation effect remarkably. The experimental results show that the system has good applicability and safety.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of navigation and robot technology on percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver tumor ablation: Accuracy and feasibility of clinical application
    Lu Tong, Liang Ping, Cheng Zhi-gang
    2010, 14 (4):  625-628.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.012
    Abstract ( 394 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of navigation and robot technology on percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver tumor ablation.
    METHODS:The liver model tumors were placed inside excised calf livers, and the needle was guided into the tumor using either conventional ultrasound-guided method or two new methods-3D navigation and a method based on a robotic assistant. Totally 40 experiments were performed, and the distance (all methods) from the tip of the needle to the planning point in the tumors was measured.
    RESULTS: Based on the measurements, the robotic assistant performed better than both the 3D navigation and the conventional ultrasound-guided method. While, the 3D navigation performed better than the conventional ultrasound-guided method.
    CONCLUSTON: This study demonstrates navigation combined with robot technique is feasible to improve the precision of deploying ablation needles, future studies are warranted to optimize the system to meet requirements in clinical practice.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Establishment of light dose in tissues mathematical model by Monte Carlo method: Analysis of laser damage to liver tissues
    Wang Xu, Li Ying-xin
    2010, 14 (4):  629-632.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.013
    Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1268KB) ( 467 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Transmitting law of laser in biological tissues is hard to calculate by mathematical analysis or clinical monitoring. Therefore, numerical simulation is commonly used for its prediction. Monte Carlo simulation is an ideal method for this study.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish a light dose mathematical model by Monte Carlo method, and to explore the damage of laser to liver tissues.
    METHODS: Light dose mathematical models of normal tissues and tumor with varied optical parameters were established by Monte Carlo method, and the migration trajectory of ponderosus photons was calculated one by one, and the distribution of photon was analyzed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The decay of photo dose with depth was approximately exponential, and the second peak value will be formed at the verge of the organization. The damage of organization was a process of the threshold value. The dose curved shape was the same as the line of threshold. Using Monte Carlo method, the ransmitting law of laser in tissues of liver tumor was obtained. The results demonstrated that optimal ration of illumination intensity can obtain a shallow but entirely selective depth of tumor necrosis, but to obtain deeper tumor necrosis necessarily means some degree of normal tissue damage．

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Correlation between noise and fluorescence molecular tomography based on the adaptive-mesh-based algorithm using an analytical solution
    Wang Dai-fa, Zhang Tao, Bai Jing
    2010, 14 (4):  633-636.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.014
    Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (959KB) ( 505 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) has become a fast developing molecular imaging technique. Noise is a challenge for FMT, and the influence of noise on molecular imaging remains unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of noise on imaging reconstruction based on the adaptive-mesh-based algorithm using an analytical solution.
    METHODS: In this paper, the influence of noise on FMT was studied based on the adaptive-mesh-based algorithm using an analytical solution.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By adding noise to the simulated data, the reconstruction results with different signal-to-noise ratio are obtained and discussed. The experiment results show that the adaptive-mesh-based algorithm is robust in the existence of noise.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Mandibular first molar implant finite element models established by reverse engineering method
    Zhu Qiang, Wang Da-lin, Qiu Xiao-qian, Wang Shao-hai
    2010, 14 (4):  637-640.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.015
    Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (260KB) ( 657 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Reverse engineering modeling has been widely used in previous studies. However, there are a few studies on implantation modeling, especially in aspects of mandibular molar implantation. The mandibular molar has high miss rate in dentition. Thus, to establish three-dimensional finite element models of a jaw bones with mandibular molar implant denture using reverse engineering shows a great parameter value for research of mandibular molar implantation repair.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish a three-dimensional finite element model of a mandibular molar with dental implant inserted in mandibular molar area using reverse engineering, and to provide mathematical model basis for biomechanics researches of stomatology.
    METHODS: Establish three-dimensional model, divide mesh and calculate by Solidworks 2007 through scanning mandible by screw jaw using helix CT, obtaining data from images, separating data, rebuilding three-dimension using Mimics software, optimizing the design of mesh by Magics software, and dealing with solid model by Pro/E preprocessor.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular first molar implant with regular depth was established, which has high geometrical similarity, good properties of mechanics and mesh, and can be easily modified. This can provide excellent model support for studying the stress analysis of different designs on restoring mandibular first molar implant.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Research and application of cardiac reserve data processing and information management system
    Zhang Yu, Guo Xing-ming, Xiao Shou-zhong
    2010, 14 (4):  641-644.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.016
    Abstract ( 445 )   PDF (254KB) ( 605 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Cardiac reserve indicators obtained under quiescent condition are used as evaluating index for cardiac reserve functions. However, most important aspect of cardiac dysfunction in heart failure is not the depressed cardiac performance noted at basal resting states, but rather the loss of cardiac reserve.
    OBJECTIVE: To develop a data processing and information management system for detecting cardiac reserve indicator with the widely used B mode ultrasound instrument in the ultrasonography field, and to provide guidance for B mode ultrasound instrument perfection. 
    METHODS: General B mode ultrasound instrument as peripherals was connected with the pc by image acquisition card; ultrasound heart image diagnosis and management system including professional heart image acquisition and process and perfect data bank was develop. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: An efficient and flexible mini picture archiving and communication system system was achieved, which realized image enhancement, geometric parameter measuring, convenient diagnosis report output, archive management and print function. Results demonstrated that with the powerful data process ability of PC, the system could improve the performance of the traditional ultrasound instrument in detecting cardiac reserve, which provide a powerful support for the further study.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Feature extraction and pattern recognization of surface electromyography signal based on bispectrum analysis
    Qiu Qing-ju, Zhu Xiang-yang
    2010, 14 (4):  645-648.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.017
    Abstract ( 439 )   PDF (1094KB) ( 724 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Electromyography is a non-stationary and non-Gaussian physiological signal. Currently, the high-order spectral technique, which based on higher-order cumulant, has been widely used in solving problems such as non-Gaussian, non-stationary and nonlinearity.
    OBJECTIVE: To propose a feature extraction method for surface electromyography (SEMG) signals based on a non-Gaussian AR model parameterized bispectrum estimation and fisher linear discriminant analysis.
    METHODS: Aim at features of SEMG, from point of high statistics, and based on a non-Gaussian AR model, bispectrum analysis was performed to extract effective features, followed by constructing characteristic vector by fisher linear discriminant analysis dimension reduction, then the support vector machine was used to classify the movement patterns. The differences of recognition rates between AR+BIS+LDA and other features extracted by different methods were compared. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Experimental results showed that the eight forearm movement patterns could be well identified after training by multi-class support vector machine and its average recognition rate reached above 97.6%. For short data sets, bispectrum’s feature had a better pattern recognition rate than other features such as AR model coefficients, wavelet packet transformation coefficients. That improved the performance of real-time control of prosthesis.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    A pulse sequence eliminating zipper artifact of MRI
    Peng You-lin, Xiao Rong, Zhong Da-feng
    2010, 14 (4):  649-652.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.018
    Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (296KB) ( 702 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Various artifacts are found to be appeared in the nuclear magnetic resonance; the frequently appearing ones are the motion artifacts, plait artifacts, metallic artifacts, partial volume effect artifacts, chemical shift artifacts, phase artifacts, zipper artifacts and so on. However, there is still has no report on the controlling and revising method of the zipper artifacts which is produced in the spin-echo sequence imaging process.
    OBJECTIVE: Based on the discussion of the mechanism of the production of zipper artifact in the spin-echo sequence imaging process, a new impulse sequence is worked out to avoid the zipper artifact.
    METHODS: Standard SE sequence was complied to obtain the standard image, and compiling the artifact sequence to obtain the linear disturbance image and zipper artifact image, compiling the modified sequence to obtain the modified zipper artifact image.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Usually, the linear disturbance image could obtained in the instantaneous gradient of 5 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree, and the zipper artifact will be obtained in the instantaneous gradient of 90 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree. Modified sequence instantaneous gradient of 90 degree with the echo sequence of 120 degree can completely eliminate zipper artifact. The interesting result obtained in this paper is that the zipper artifact can be totally avoided with this new impulse sequence.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Total hip revision and non-bone cement prosthesis: Review of 41 cases with 41 hips in one institute within 5 years
    Liang Xiao
    2010, 14 (4):  653-656.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.019
    Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (286KB) ( 740 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: With follow-up prolonged, more patients received total hip replacement need to revision. Periprosthetic osteolysi, accompanied by aspetic loosening, would be aggratate, which lead to artificial joint loosening, eventually, result in joint renovation.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of non-bone cement prosthesis on joint renovation following total hip replacement.
    METHODS: Totally 41 patients (41 hips) received renovation following total hip replacement at the Shenyang Orthopaedics Hospital from 2004 to 2009 were selected. They were renovated by Circumflex type total hip joint and press fit type non-bone cement type total hip joints. Eight cases had acetabular deficiency, 17 cases had GustilloⅠ-Ⅱ acetabular loosening, and 8 cases had Gustillo Ⅲ acetabular loosening. All these patients were received spiral mortar shaping of pure titanium directly or combined with particle bone graft. Eight patients had Gustillo Ⅳacetabular loosening combined with bone defects, who adopted particles to plant the bone, rebuilt the hip mortar by titanium mesh, and shaping with bone cement. Non-bone cements prosthesis or lengthened prosthesis, as well as bone graft, was selected individualized. The cerclage band could be used if necessary.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight patients received titanium mesh and bone graft could do un-bearing exercise, and the remained patients could perform bearing exercise at day 3 after renovation. In the 6-66 months follow-up, no prosthetic displacement or subsidence could be found. No patients need a second renovation. Harris scores were increased from 32.6 before operation to 88.1 after operation. X-ray film showed that the bone density was increased in parts of patients. The results demonstrated that hip renovation using non-bone cement prosthesis can received an excellent short-term therapeutic effect, but the long-term effect needs to be explored.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    S-ROM prosthesis total hip replacement for osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip: Follow-up analysis of 57 cases with 63 hips
    Zhang Xiao, Zhang Xiao-bin
    2010, 14 (4):  657-660.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.020
    Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (329KB) ( 483 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The optimal total hip replacement can be prepared by assembling S-ROM prosthesis individually.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-time effect of S-ROM prosthesis total hip replacement for osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip.
    METHODS: Totally 57 adult patients (63 hips) with osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip treated by S-ROM prosthesis for primary total hip arthroplasty from November 2002 to February 2007 were selected. The preoperative and postoperative Harris score were compared. The prosthesis loosening, fracture and subsidence, bone absorption and fracture were followed-up with radiographic results.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up from 6 months to 5 years, mean 3.5 years. One patient suffered temporary common peroneal nerve palsy, and recovered after 4 months. One patient suffered hip dislocation, and recovered after manipulative reduction and traction. There were no complications in the rest patients. The Harris hip score was 70.20-92.10, mean 88.30, which was obvious increased than that of before operation (P < 0.05). No loosening, fracture and subsidence of prosthesis, bone absorption or fracture was observed. The results demonstrated that S-ROM prosthesis total hip replacement can receive an excellent short-time effect in treating osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of hip.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Prosthetic arthroplasties with bone cement for the senile with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femurs in 27 cases
    Zhang Yi, Han Wei, Li Bo, Sun Li, Hu Ru-yin, Wang Yuan-zheng
    2010, 14 (4):  661-664.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.021
    Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (291KB) ( 544 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Traditional treatment of intertrochanteric fractures includes dynamic hip screw (DHS), dynamic condylar screw (DCS), proximal femoral nail (PFN) and locking compress plate (LCP), most of them have positive results. However, these techniques are not utility for all patients with intertrochanteric fractures, especially for the senile patients whose ages are over 75 years. The intertrochanteric fractures are usually unstable, and most of them have medical complications, thus all these lead to a high failure rate of internal fixation.
    OBJECTIVE: To identify the methods and the therapeutic effects of hemiarthroplasty or arthroplasty with bone cement for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile patients.
    METHODS: There were 27 senile patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures, including 11 males and 16 females, with the mean age of 84.6 years. All patients were adopted improved Gibson approach, and greater trochanter should be reduced anatomically as an important sign for measuring the lengths of the lower extremities and fixing of prostheses. Long-stem cementless calcar-replacements were used in all patients, 2 arthroplasty owing to preexisting osteoarthritis and 25 hemiarthroplasty.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nobody was dead during perioperative period. Weight bearing was permitted as soon as acute pain subsides (7-16 days after operation); 27 patients were followed up for 6 to 48 months, for 20 months on average. No prosthetic looseness and sinking happened, and the calluses were well mineralized. The Harris score was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect at 6 months after operation, which was 78 to 94, of 85.4 points on average, and the rate of fineness was 78%. One posterior hip dislocation and two deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of lower extremities occurred owing to improper caring. The results showed that the prosthetic replacement with bone cement is a reasonable preference for unstable intertrochanteric fractures in senile patients because of many virtues, such as earlier period weight bearing out of bed, low incidence of complications, and satisfaction of functional recovery of extremities.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Continuous passive joint motion following total knee replacement: 48 cases analysis
    Li Xiao-liu, Zhao Xiao-ou
    2010, 14 (4):  665-668.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.022
    Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (205KB) ( 637 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Early rehabilitation following total knee replacement has arisen more attention. The aim of continuous passive joint motion is to recover knee function, prevent anchylosis, accelerate blood and synovia circulation, therefore, enhance tissue repair. 
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of continuous passive joint motion following total knee replacement.
    METHODS: Totally 48 patients, who underwent artificial total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Orthopedics, Center Hospital of Minhang District, Shanghai Ruikang Hospital Group and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA between December 2007 and October 2009 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 24 cases in each group. The isometric contraction of qudraceps muscles, combined with physical agent assistant, was performed prior to total knee replacement. Patients in the experimental group was received continuous passive joint motion training at day 2 after operation, with 5°-10°increasing per day. Patients in the control group were treated with conventional methods. The knee functional score, and visual analog scale (VAS) was performed to evaluate knee functions and pains, in addition, perimeter between two legs, and range of motion were measured.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The knee functional score, VAS, perimeter between two legs, and range of motion were similar prior to and after total knee replacement (P > 0.05). Compared to the control group, the knee functional score of the experimental group was dramatically increased at days 3 and weeks 2 after operation (P < 0.01), the VAS and perimeter between two legs were significantly declined (P < 0.01), the range of motion was obvious improved after replacement, with greater excellent rate (P < 0.01). There was no deep venous thrombosis or infections. The results demonstrated that early rehabilitation following knee replacement is conductive to easing pain, eliminating swelling, and enhancing knee stability.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effect of metal ions on monocyte-macrophage cells viability and RANK expression
    Dai Min, Chen Rui, Zhan Ping, Yuan Xiao-jun, Ai Jiang-bo, Cheng Ming
    2010, 14 (4):  669-672.  doi: :10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.023
    Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (417KB) ( 609 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Similar to other prosthesis, metal-metal prosthesis would produce plenty of wear particles and metal ions, mainly presented as cobalt (Co 2+ )  and chromium (Cr 3+ ), which can lead to osteolysis, eventually, result in aseptic loosening.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Co 2+ and Cr 3+ ions on the cells viability and expression of RANK in rats monocyte-macrophage cells (RAW264.7) in vitro.
    METHODS: Monocyte-macrophage cells (RAW264.7) were cultured in vitro, and then the cells were exposed to Co 2+ and Cr 3+ ions. The cell viability was assured by MTT test and the level of RANK mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR at different times.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the control group, MTT test demonstrated that Co 2+ and Cr 3+ ions could decrease the cell activity of monocyte-macrophage cells obviously. When the cells were exposed to Co 2+ , Cr 3+ ions, compared to the control group, the mRNA expression of RANK of the metal ions group was increased at 12 hours (P < 0.05), reached its peak level at 24 hours (P < 0.05), and decreased at 48 hours than that of 24 hours (P < 0.05). The results revealed that metal ions have a cytotoxic effect on monocyte-macrophage cells, stimulate the expression of RANK, and have the potential of facilitating monocyte-macrophages cells transform into osteoclast-like cells.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of anatomical measurement and canine lumbar spine models in anterior fusion
    Tang Yong, Wang Xin-wei, Yuan Wen, Han Zhu, Zhang Wei-hong
    2010, 14 (4):  673-676.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.024
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (336KB) ( 590 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Primate is the best animal to establish a model of spinal implants. However, ethics and cost limit its application. Mixed-breed dogs have similar anatomic structures as human. Moreover, it is easy to obtain with low cost, so it may replace primate to serve as models.
    OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of canine lumbar spine to establish the anterior interfixation model following measurements of related anatomic data.
    METHODS: A total of 9 adult healthy dogs were selected. The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc were measured, and the artificial vertebral body replacement was performed. Bone graft fusion was observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The transversal diameter, sagittal diameter and height of vertebral body and disc increased gradually from L1 to L7, and the height was greatly exceeded its sagittal diameter. All dogs survived, but one was paraplegia. All the others stood and acted in 12 h to 72 h after operation. The fusion effect was proved to be good by imageology and histology. The establishment of models was simple and cost-effective, and the biocompatibility of bone tissues and implants, as well as the bone tissue ingrowth can be observed. The lumbar spine of dog can be used as an anterior interfixation model in vitro test.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Prosthesis implantation, bone transplantation, and acetabular revision: Theory and application
    Ma Wen-hui, Zhang Xue-min, Wang Ji-fang
    2010, 14 (4):  680-683.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.026
    Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (261KB) ( 525 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The main factors that influence revision of acetabular bone defects include evaluation of acetabular bone defects, reconstruction of acetabulum and appropriate acetabular cups used in revision.
    OBJECTIVE: The review from the three aspects will help to choose an appropriate cup in revision and to formulate the best revision protocols.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed was performed for English articles published from January 1900 to June 2009 with the key words of acetabulum, revision, bone defect, in English and Chinese. Clinical studies published in core periodicals of the latest twenty years were reviewed. Articles regarding primary joint replacement, femoral prosthesis revision and animal experiments were excluded.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 61 articles were analyzed, 31 were excluded, and 30 mainly published in 5 years, were included. Reconstruction of acetabular bone structure, restoration of original rotation center of hip joint are key factors for repair. Moreover, appropriate prosthesis further benefits the repair effect. Bone transplantation for bone defect and cementedless prosthesis have become favorable methods for revision of acetabular bone defects.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Correlation of innervation to osseointegration and osseoperception of implants
    Wang Cheng-yong, Chen Wei-hui, Lin Hai, Qu Yan-zheng
    2010, 14 (4):  684-688.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.027
    Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (295KB) ( 745 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Consummate innervation plays an important role in bone formation. Nerve injury can impact normal bone metabolism, whereas bone regeneration depends on nerve regeneration in the innervation site to some degrees. Modified implant surface structure or usage of growth factors in local region can promote osseointegration.
    OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze effects of nervous system dominance bone metabolism and denervation on bone remodeling, innervated establishment and osseoperception during osseointegration following implantation.
    METHODS: The first author retrieved Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) and Wanfang database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) (1990/2008) for publications of effects of nervous system dominance bone metabolism and denervation on bone remodeling, innervated establishment and osseoperception during osseointegration following implantation, with the key words of “bone metabolism，innervation，osseointegration osseoperception”. Articles of repetitive contents were excluded. A total of 54 literatures were primarily obtained. According to inclusion criteria, 28 literatures were selected for summary.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Signals derived from the nervous system exert potent effects on osteoclast and osteoblast function. A ubiquitous innervation of all periosteal surfaces exists and its disruption affects bone remodeling. Several neuropeptides, neurohormones, nerotransmitters and their receptors are detectable in bone, and make it clear that nervous system is involved in bone metabolism and regeneration. Establishment of innervation of soft and hard tissue around implants may play an important role in osseointegration and osseoperception. Further studies will be required to explore the basic of anatomy, neurophysiology and neuropathology, which forms osseoperception.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Research development of pulsed electromagnetic fields in bone fracture healing
    Liu Ji-tao, Tao Jun
    2010, 14 (4):  689-692.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.028
    Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (354KB) ( 618 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Pulsed electromagnetic field attracts much attention due to its less trauma, infection, side effect, and simple application to promote bone fracture healing.
    OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields on bone fracture healing by mechanism, animal experiments, and clinical application so as to provide theoretical evidences for promoting bone fracture healing.
    METHODS: This study was retrieved by the first author with the key words of “PEMF and fracture” in both English (1989-2009) and Chinese (1981-2009) from Pubmed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.gov/Pubmed) and Vip database (www.cqvip.com). Articles which were related with the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields or electromagnetic field on bone fracture healing were included. The duplicated articles were excluded. The retrieval articles included reviews, animal experiments, and clinical experiments. Among 62 articles, 32 were in English and 30 in Chinese. Following the primary retrieval, 9 articles were excluded due to unrelated researching aim, 6 due to duplication, and 7 due to reviews. A total of 40 articles, 16 in Chinese and 24 in English, were included in the final analysis, including animal and cytological experiments (n=31), and clinical studies (n=9). 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pulsed electromagnetic field characterized by security, environmental protection, non-trauma, non-infection, sample processing, wide applicability, and less complications for treating bone fracture healing. Clinical experiments and clinical application have proved that pulsed electromagnetic field was an effective method to promote bone fracture healing, characterizing by low frequency and intensity. The mechanism of pulsed electromagnetic field for promoting bone fracture healing involved in physics and medicine. With the research of electromagnetism, organic complexity, and ethics, the parameters of pulsed electromagnetic field need to be further studied.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Current status of percutaneous coronary intervention for treating coronary atherosclerotic heart disease
    Liu Ming-wei, Jiang Li-hong
    2010, 14 (4):  693-697.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.029
    Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (291KB) ( 680 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the recent progress and clinical application of percutaneous coronary intervention and to seek the direction of new developments.
    METHODS: A computerized online database of Pubmed was searched to identify articles published from May 2000 to February 2009 with the key words of “drug eluting stents, percutaneous coronary intervention, and coronary disease”. There were 154 articles were retrieved by computer, by reading titles and abstracts, 27 literatures were remained after excluding 74 irrespective papers and 53 repetitive studies. 
    RESULTS: An ideal drug-eluting stent (DES) was comprised of a platform, a drug carrier vehicle and a pharmaceutical compound in harmony with each other. With the ongoing development of DES materials and drugs, more effective DES was introduced in the practice. Recently, clinical data on DES encourage the interventional cardiologist to use DES in more challenging coronary lesions, such as chronic total occlusions, complex lesions and muiti-vessel lesions. However, the safety and efficacy of DES need further attention. Therefore, novel strategies including bioabsorbable stents, and pro-healing agents coated stents were promising.
    CONCLUSION: The development of percutaneous coronary intervention is a breakthrough in intervention cardiology that brings great benefit to patients with coronary disease, especially for restenosis and revascularization. Nevertheless, more endeavour will be necessary to create PCI with high efficacy as well as low risk, and safety and effectiveness of PCI in patients with ST-segment evaluation myocardial infraction and stent fracture prevention need further study.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Dynamic hip screw hole filled by bone cement: Anti-flexion and anti-torsion strength
    Zheng Hai, Li Yi, Guo Yan-long
    2010, 14 (4):  698-701.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.030
    Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (273KB) ( 555 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of medical supporting bone graft following posterior approach and bone cement implantation in the hip joint in treating intertrochanteric fracture.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of Science Direct, Ei databases was performed for English articles published between January 1960 and October 2009, with the key words “bone cement, intertrochanteric fracture”. In addition, CNKI and CBM were searched for related Chinese articles published between January 1994 and October 2009, with the key words “intertrochanteric fracture, coxa vara, posterior approach of hip joint, bone cement implantation in major screw hole”. Moreover, related books were manually searched. Treatment of intertrochanteric fracture, basic and clinical experiment of intertrochanteric fracture treated by bone cement was included.
    RESULTS: Intertrochanteric fracture treatment includes lateral or anterior approach for dynamic hip plate system, dynamic hip screw, and femoral proximal intramedullary screw internal fixation. Dynamic hip screw is standard internal fixation to treat intertrochanteric fracture, with strong anti-rotation function, and meets the biomechanical requirements. However, screw loosening, extraction and breakage frequently occur. Cancellous bone screw track enhanced by bone cement increases screw retention force, benefits screw compression, enhances bone-screw interface to transfer the stress to screw-bone regions, which significantly increases the anti-flexion and anti-torsion strength of dynamic hip screw and improves fracture stability. The mechanism involves the integral formation of cancellous bone, bone cement and screw by the micro-interlocking of bone trabecula and surrounding cancellous bone.
    CONCLUSION: Dynamic hip screw filled by bone cement significantly enhances the anti-flexion and anti-torsion strength of internal fixation and improves fracture stability.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Clinical application of covered stents in treating esophageal malignant stenosis
    Ge Xing
    2010, 14 (4):  702-705.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.031
    Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (289KB) ( 660 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the materials and selection of esophageal stents, and to discuss the application of covered stents in treating esophageal malignant stenosis.
    METHODS: CNKI and Medline databases were retrieved by computer for papers published from 1980 to 2009 with search terms of “esophageal carcinoma, esophageal stenosis, esophageal stent, and fabric-covered metallic stent”. The language was limited for Chinese and English. A total of 61 iteratures were initial searched by computer, according to inclusive and exclusive criteria, 29 literatures were selected by the first author. Problems including esophageal stent category, material selection, as well as application of covered stents in treating esophageal malignant stenosis were reviewed and summarized.
    RESULTS: Totally 29 literatures were included in this paper. No concealed allocation or blinding method was described in the literatures. According to preparing materials, the stents could be divided into stainless metal stent, memory metallic stent and polyester plastic stent. As tissue-engineered materials, stents could be assigned into biodegradable polymer matrix stent and non-degradable biodegradable polymers stent. Each material stent possesses distinct advantage and disadvantage. The covered stents could relief esophageal stenosis effectively, interrupt tumor growth, and prevent restenosis. 
    CONCLUSION: As a palliative therapy for treating esophageal malignant stenosis, covered stents can elevate patients’ life quality and prolong survival times. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    C-reactive protein changes in coronary artery disease patients following cardiovascular stent implantation
    Pang Xin-quan, Guo Xin, Wei Tian-hui
    2010, 14 (4):  706-709.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.032
    Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (321KB) ( 507 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The inflammatory reaction occurs following implantation of cardiovascular stent with manifestations of the activation of blood coagulation system and dramatically increasing of inflammatory markers serum C-reactive protein.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the changes of inflammatory reaction and C-reactive protein in coronary artery disease patients following cardiovascular stent implantation.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI (1990/2009) and PubMed databases (1990/2009) was performed for related articles with the key words “cardiovascular stent , C-reactive protein” in Chinese and “cardiovascular stent on plasma, C-reactive protein” in English.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the metal stents, drug-eluting stents can transfer the active drugs to the damaged vessels, release them into the vascular wall and inhibit the in-stent restenosis. Main drugs of anti-inflammatory drug-eluting stent include dexamethasone and methylprednisolone. Main drugs of anti-migratory and anti-proliferative drug-eluting stent include rapamycin, paclitaxel and actinomycin D. Main drugs of supporting intima concrescence stent include estradiol. Coronary artery stents implantation can induce and aggravate local inflammation reaction, which have important infection for vascular endodermis hyperplasia and restenosis occurrence. Some impressible index for inflammation reaction, such as levels of C-reactive protein, have predictive value for vascular events following the coronary artery stents implantation. A significant increase in plasma C-reactive protein after coronary stenting has been observed following stent implantation. Therefore, understanding of inflammatory reaction and C-reactive protein, as well as cytokine changes is important for preventing restenosis, early treatment of restenosis, as well as improving treatment effect.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of hemostasis device in femoral artery hemostasis following cardiovascular intervention: Safety, efficacy and complication incidence
    Lin Zhao-heng
    2010, 14 (4):  710-713.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.033
    Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (290KB) ( 1036 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To compare the safety, efficacy, incidence of complication and comfort degree of various hemostasis device used in femoral artery hemostasis following cardiovascular intervention.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of VIP was performed for articles related to hemostasis device in cardiovascular intervention published between January 1998 and October 2009 with the key words “hemostasis device, coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention”. Inclusion criteria: (1) articles with close correlation with the content; (2) articles in the same filed published recently or in authoritative journals; (3) old or repetitive articles. The data were primarily reviewed and the references of each articles were examined.
    RESULTS: A total of 72 articles were collected. After screening the titles and abstracts, 20 articles not related with the content, and 32 repetitive studies were excluded, and 20 were included. Currently, the hemostasis methods for femoral artery puncture site following coronary intervention included manually compressive hemostasis, mechanical compressive hemostasis and hemostasis device. Traditional manual or mechanical compression requires long periods of compression and braking, which increases risks for complications, and impairs the patients and prolongs the hospital stay. The novel suture or occlusion device for puncture site used in clinic, such as Angio-Seal or Perclose, significantly reduces bed lying and hospital stay of the patients, and attenuates peripheral vascular damages.
    CONCLUSION: For clinical physicians, it is necessary to consider the safety and efficacy, as well as the ratio of cost and quality for selection of hemostasis device, so that the patients can satisfy the clinical effects.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Treatment of humerus nonunion using iliac bone graft limited internal fixation combined with external fixation in 13 cases
    Yin Hai-lei, Cai Jin-fang, Liu Li-feng, Li Zong-yu
    2010, 14 (4):  714-717.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.034
    Abstract ( 373 )   PDF (343KB) ( 509 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: There is lack of effective method for treating humerus nonunion. Iliac plate can maintain the compact contact between fracture end and bone graft, accelerate bone union, as well as provide stability for bone union. 
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effects of treating humerus nonunion by using iliac bone graft as plate combined with the external fixation.
    METHODS: Thirteen patients with nonunion of the humorous at Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Jinan Command General Hospital of Chinese PLA were selected, including 11 males and 2 females, aged 20-51 years, mean aged 35.5 years. All the patients were treated with iliac bone graft and screws combined with the mono lateral external fixation. The bone healing was observed by X-ray film. Shoulder function and complications were measured by Neer score.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed up for 7-64 months, mean 38 months. Bony union was achieved in all patients within 6-10 months (mean 8.1 months). The activity function of shoulder and elbow was normal; and Neer scores were 71-96 (mean 87 scores). No infection, pain, prevalent fracture or nonunion occurred. The results demonstrated that using iliac bone graft as plate combined with the mono lateral external fixation is a good salvage operation for nonunion of the humerus.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of MC+® combined with autogenous bone or calcium sulfate artificial bone in anterior cervical fusion: Comparative study of therapeutic effects and complications
    Chen Tong-lei, Cheng Mao-hua, Shen Yi-xin, Yan Zhan-jun, Lian Xiao-ning, Dong Qi-rong
    2010, 14 (4):  718-721.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.035
    Abstract ( 285 )   PDF (329KB) ( 545 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Autogenous bone has been used in cervical vertebra graft bone fusion in earliest stage and at most. However, its source is limited, simultaneously, induced many complications such as infection, hemorrhage and postoperative pain in the donor bone region. Recently, above-mentioned complications were avoided or reduced with the usage of new graft bone fusion material.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical efficacy using MC+® combination of autogenous bone or calcium sulfate artificial bone in anterior cervical fusion.
    METHODS: A total of 26 patients (34 levels) with cervical spondylotic myelopathy underwent anterior cervical discectomy and cervical intervertebral fusion from January to December 2008. Anterior cervical oblique cut was 3.0-4.0 cm. The endplate were preserved after the cervical intervertebral disc and the posterior longitudinal ligament were removed. Autogenous bone group was filled with autogenous bone. Calcium sulfate artificial bone group was filled with Wright's Osteoset artificial bone. Anchoring clip was implanted between the cervical vertebrae. Every patient had a short neck incision was assessed with X-ray, JOA grade and Odom’s evaluation scale.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The two groups of 26 patients (34 segments) were followed up. The JOA score of postoperation was no significant difference between the two groups. According to the Odom’s evaluation scale, the excellent and good rate of calcium sulfate group was higher than autogenous bone group, but there was not statistical significance (P > 0.05). The fusion rate of autogenous bone group was higher than calcium sulfate group at 3 and 6 months, but the fusion rate of two groups were 100% at 12 months. Although the calcium sulfate group at 6 months, lordosis angle lost more than 0.4 ° than the autogenous bone group, but no significant statistically between the two groups (P > 0.05). MC+® combination of autogenous bone or calcium sulfate had the same clinical efficacy in the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the calcium sulfate artificial bone could be effectively avoided the complications of donor site.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Transpedicular decompression and pedicle fixation for treatment of obsolete thoracolumbar vertebral fractures combined with kyphosis deformity in 23 cases
    Yao Nü-zhao, Hu Wen-kai, Wang Wen-jun
    2010, 14 (4):  722-725.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.036
    Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (342KB) ( 516 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic kyphosis and neurologic compromise secondary to osteoporotic fractures, which needs surgery treatment. However, the choice of approach method is an argument.  
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of transpedicular decompression and pedicle fixation for the treatment of obsolete thoracolumbar vertebral fractures combined with kyphosis deformity.
    METHODS: A total of 23 cases with obsolete thoracolumbar fractures combined with kyphosis admitted at the Department of Spinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China were selected, including 14 males and 9 females, aged 18-60 years, mean aged 36 years; The JOA scores of patients were (11.02±1.24) points prior to operation, with (37.43±3.76)° Cobb angel. All patients were treated by transpedicular decompression and pedicle fixation. The functional recovery of lumbar vertebra, bone healing, as well as the complications was compared before and after operation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were followed-up for 6-28 months with an average of 12.5 months. The lumbar vertebra function and kyphosis deformity was notably improved postoperatively. After treatment, the JOA score and Cobb angle was (14.04± 2.12) points and (11.02±3.58)°, which was obviously different than that of preoperative (P < 0.05). The surfaces of cut bone were healed at 6 months after operation, without complications of pseudoarticulation formation or correction loss. The results suggested that transpedicular decompression and pedicle fixation can achieve a satisfactory result in deformity correction and neurological decompression, which can precipitate the functional recovery.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    One-stage anterior and posterior operation for multilevel cervical disc herniation accompanying ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament
    Zhou Fang-yu, Li Feng, Fang Zhong, Guo Feng-jin, Wu Hua, Chen An-min
    2010, 14 (4):  726-761.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.037
    Abstract ( 356 )   PDF (336KB) ( 704 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Multilevel cervical disc herniation accompanying ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) can seriously hurt the spinal cord. Which way of operative approach is more preferable is still uncertain. Whether one-stage combined anterior and posterior operation can achieve better effects remains unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of one-stage anterior and posterior operation for the treatment of multilevel cervical disc herniation accompanying OPLL.
    METHODS: Seventeen patients with multilevel cervical disc herniation and OPLL were treated by one-stage anterior and posterior operation at the Department of Orthopaedics, Tongji Hospital, were selected, including 11 males and 6 females, aged 42-74 years, mean aged 51.5 years. X-ray film, CT or MRI before operation showed the cervical cord was compressed by the multilevel herniated cervical discs or the ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. The stability and fusion of the injured segments were observed by regular postoperative X-ray film.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients were received a 6-36 months follow-up (24.5 months on average). The postoperative JOA scores were (12.88±2.47) points, which was greater than that of preoperatively [(6.41±1.28) points, P < 0.05]. The improvement-rate of the spinal function after 6 months included 5 excellent cases, 7 good cases, and 4 fair cases. The excellent-good rate was 71%. All the patients got completely reduction, and all grafts got fused at 3-4 months after operation. The cervical intervertebral height and lordosis were satisfied maintained and there was no complication related to internal fixation breakage, loosening or displacement. It suggested that one-stage anterior and posterior operation can provide satisfied decompression earlier and rebuild the spinal stability in time, which is a safe and effective surgical intervention for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy accompanying OPLL.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effect of early rehabilitation on the hip joint function in patients with comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum after internal fixation
    Wu Xiao-bo, Zhang Qi, Song Lian-xin, Zhang Ying-ze
    2010, 14 (4):  732-735.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.038
    Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (314KB) ( 577 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Treatment for acetabular fracture becomes a hot point in orthopaedic trauma, but ignorance of rehabilitative treatment that effect therapeutic efficacy is to be seen repeatedly. Normative rehabilitation therapy is one indispensable procedure of acetabular fracture treatment.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of early rehabilitation on the hip joint function in patients with comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum after internal fixation.
    METHODS: Forty patients of comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum at the Department of Orthopedics, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, were selected, including 36 males and 4 females, aged 23-61 years, mean aged 35.3 years. All patients were randomly divided into rehabilitation and control group, with 20 patients in each group. All the patients were fixed with reconstruction plate, the patients in the rehabilitation group received early standard rehabilitation exercises intervention and those in control group received usual care. The clinical result was evaluated with the scores of Merle d’Aubigne and Postel.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scores of Merle d’Aubigne and Postel of the rehabilitation group were (13.10±2.05), (14.50±1.32), and (15.80±1.36) points at months 3, 6, and 12 after operation, which were greater than those of the control group (11.20±2.80), (13.00 ±2.10), and (14.25±1.74) points, respectively (P < 0.05). The early rehabilitation exercises may improve the hip joint function for patients of the comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum after surgery.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Influence of atorvastatin on ischemic adverse events following cerebral middle artery stent implantation: A 12-month follow-up in 24 cases
    Li Wen-lan, Ke Wei, Deng Xiao-rong
    2010, 14 (4):  736-739.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.039
    Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (279KB) ( 506 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Intravascular stent implantation is one of the main methods for intra-extracranial artery stenosis. The safety and efficacy of stent implantation has been elevated, and symptoms or ischemic advert events with artery stenosis has been reduced. However, risks of thrombosis, cerebralhemorrhage, restenosis, and hyperperfusion still existed.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of atorvastatin on ischemic adverse events following cerebral middle artery stent implantation.
    METHODS: Twenty-four patients received cerebral middle artery stent implantation were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the treatment group, patients were received atorvastatin 40 mg + plavix 75 mg + aspirin enteric-coated tablet 300 mg, once per day; in the control group, patients were received plavix 75 mg + aspirin enteric-coated tablet 300 mg, once per day. Ischemic adverse events, such as in-stent restenosis, transient ischemic attack, cerebral infarction, or re-interventional therapy were observed by transcranial Doppler, digital subtraction angiography, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion weighted imaging, blood lipid level and C-reactive protein level examinations prior to and at months 1, 3, 6 and 12 after stent implantation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the levels of blood lipid and C-reactive protein were obviously decreased at months 1, 3, 6 and 12 after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), with dramatically declined ischemic adverse events (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with before operation, the levels of blood lipid and C-reactive protein were decreased after operation in the treatment group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). No server adverse events occurred in patients treated by atorvastatin, which showed 40 mg was safe for patients. The results revealed that atorvastatin combined with antiplatelet therapy can prevent ischemic adverse events following cerebral middle artery stent implantation.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Interventional occlusion of intracristal ventricular septal defects using domestic occluder: Experience of type selection, size definition and injury avoidance in 46 cases
    Cheng Ying-zhang, Li Zheng-zhang, Wu Xian-feng, Wu Qing-hua, Cheng Xiao-shu, Li Yun-de, Wu Yan-qing
    2010, 14 (4):  740-743.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.040
    Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (412KB) ( 585 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: Interventional occlusion of intracristal ventricular septal defects (IVSD) is a node point. Reports concerning angiography features and successful occlusion of IVSD using domestic occluder are rare. The aim of this paper is to investigate the angiography features of IVSD and the experience of interventional occlusion with domestic occluder.
    METHODS: Totally 46 cases of IVSD were diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography that they had interventional indications. According to the short axis view of aortic, they were divided into 4 groups: A (11:30-12:00), B (12:00-12:30), C (12:30-13:00) and D (13:00-13:30). Different groups were performed with adequate angle angiography to show ventricular septal defect, as well as to decide strategy, which to choose occluder and occluded methods.
    RESULTS: All 46 patients were occluded successful. Technical success rate was 100%, without related complications. A group included 10 cases, B group 13 cases, C group 16 cases and D group 7 cases. The left anterior oblique angle of IVSD left ventricular angiography was greater than other type of VSD, and increased gradually with the changes in the defect location (Group A to D). According to the defect size and different groups, the defects were successfully occluded with symmetric, decentered, zero-decentered type occluder. Modified pigtail catheter was good value in practice occlusion of IVSD.
    CONCLUSIONS: Left anterior oblique angle in IVSD left ventricular angiography should be bigger. Domestic occluder is safe, effective, with less complication and cost, which can be the first choose for patients with LVSD.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Immediately loaded ball-cap attachments implant-supported overdenture in 13 cases with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy: A 24-month follow-up
    Wang Li-ping, Zhang Shu-biao, Fang Ying, Fan Chang-bin
    2010, 14 (4):  744-747.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.041
    Abstract ( 366 )   PDF (2558KB) ( 551 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Dental implants in edentulous patients have been widely discussed, and how to do simple, fast, and economic is working hard. To investigate the clinical effect of immediately loading of two implants supporting a ball-cap attachment-retained implant-supported overdenture in patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy.
    METHODS: Totally 13 patients of with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy were selected and treated with ITI implant system and ITI ball-cap attachment system, every case had 2 implants in mandible only and loaded immediately when ball-cap attachments implant-supported overdenture was finished. The applied effect of overdenture was followed-up for 24 months.
    RESULTS: Every implant was stability, there was not obvious bone absorbed around implant marginal bone, and the overdenture could supply reliable retention and highly masticatory efficiency. Slight mucosal response was found around implants in 3 cases and was cured by maintenance.
    CONCLUSION: Immediately loading of two implants supporting a ball-cap attachment-retained implant-supported overdenture in patients with mandibular alveolar ridge atrophy was a simple, fast, economic, and feasible mean of dental prosthesis.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of hypertonic solution chloride hydroxyethyl 40 injection in maxilla Lefort Ⅰ osteotomy
    Jiang Chao, Jiang Hong
    2010, 14 (4):  748-751.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.042
    Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (317KB) ( 433 )   Save
    BACKGROUND: Hematic protective has arisen widely attention in China and abroad due to the serious blood contamination and transfusion related diseases.  
    OBJECTIVE: To observe hematic protective effect of hypertonic solution chloride hydroxyethyl 40 injection (HSH) on acute hypervolemic hemodilution (AHH) in maxilla Lefort Ⅰ osteotomy.
    METHODS: Totally 40 patients were randomly divided into the experimental and control groups, with 20 patients in each group. All patients were operated under tracheal intubation general anesthesia. In the experimental group, 4 mL/kg HSH was infused with speed of 10 mL/min, and the infusion was finished within 30 minutes. There was no treatment in the control group. Blood routine examination (including hematocrit, hemoglobin, blood platelets count) and routine coagulation test (including platelet, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen) was performed at the points of before AHH (T0), at the end of AHH (T1), 30 min after AHH (T2),  60 min after AHH (T3), 3 hours after AHH (T4), 1 day after operation (T5), and 3 days after operation (T6), respectively. Simultaneously, the capacities of blood transfusion, liquor transfusion, hemorrhage and urine during operation was recorded.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the patients were included in the final analysis. Compared to the control group, the capacity of blood transfusion in the experimental group was smaller than that of the control group (P < 0.05), with greater urine volume (P < 0.05). However, the differences of liquor transfusion and hemorrhage had no significance (P > 0.05). After controlled hypotension, the heart rates of patients at T2 and T3 were obvious increased than that of T1 (P < 0.05), the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). At T1, T2 and T3 points, the heart rates of patients in the experimental group were greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, and mean arterial pressure had no dramatically differences between two groups (P > 0.05). After AHH, the hematocrit and hemoglobin were obviously decreased in the experimental group at T1, T2, T3 and T4 points (P < 0.05), with more blood platelets count and prolonged partial thromboplastin time (P < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the Na+ , Cl- was increased in the experimental group at T1 and T2 points (P < 0.05), with greater hematocrit and hemoglobin at the T5 and T6 points (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that HSH can decrease or avoid transfusing blood in maxilla Lefort Ⅰ osteotomy.
    Related Articles | Metrics
    Individual protocol and clinical application of pedicle screw and plate internal fixation for the treatment of upper cervical disorders
    Jia Wei-dou, Bai Gui-you, Yang Fei, Yang Bo-gui, Zheng Tie-gang, Xu Ying-jie, Yun De-cai, Sun Hua
    2010, 14 (4):  752-756.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.043
    Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (323KB) ( 506 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The treatment of upper cervical spine disorders through a posterior pedicle fixation approach have been carried out in some domestic large hospitals, but this surgery is still considered as a difficulty of cervical spine surgery. In order to minimize the risk of surgery, the authors designed a program of individual operations, and combined with self-developed pedicle locating and directing speculum to determine precise intraoperative position of pedicle screws, and no report is found by searching related database in China.　
    OBJECTIVE: To improve the one-time success rate of internal fixation screws, to investigate the biomechanical effect of the implant, to formulate a simple, practical, individual protocol for atlantoaxial pedicle screw-plate system based on related data.
    METHODS: A total of 31 patients were recruited from Department of Orthopaedics in the 251 Hospital of Chinese PLA, between January 2002 and September 2006. Under the guidance of self-made atlantoaxial locating and directing speculum, the entrance point and angle for screw insertion, as well as screw diameter and length were determined according to the results of X-ray and CT measurement. Atlas pedicle screw was inserted at left (19.93±1.32) mm, and right (19.16±1.3) mm; Atlas pedicle screw insertion angle to inside was left (23.72±2.09)°, and right (23.35±1.91)°; Atlas pedicle screw insertion angle to side of head was (9.00±1.20)°. Axis pedicle screw was inserted at left (13.14±0.82) mm, and right (13.85±0.79) mm; Axis pedicle screw insertion angle to inside was left (24.52±1.26)°, and right (20.42±1.42)°; Axis pedicle screw insertion angle to side of head was (25.00±3.00)°.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  ①Totally 124 pedicle screws were implanted into 31 patients, and 122 screws were of one-time success. The precision rate was 98.39%. Two screws were secondly inserted because of cutting lateral cortical bone of pedicle for deviation of inward angle. ②Occipital neuralgia was found in 2 cases postoperatively and cured after one month of treatment; screws penetrated atlas left vertebral lateral wall in 2 cases, no spinal or vertebral artery injury was found. ③Radiographs showed that atlas was completely reduced in all patients, and apposition of dentoid process of axis fracture was good. CT films showed the screws a good location to the vertebrarterial spinal cord. ④The follow-up visit was averaged of 10.5 months. Bony fusion was found in all patients. No screw-plate breakage was found. No inflammatory or rejection reactions occurred. ⑤By JOA scale, there were 16 cases of excellent, 12 cases of good, 2 cases of fine, and 1 case of poor. The excellent and good rate was 90%. It is suggested that the success rate of atlantoaxial pedicle screw-plate implantation can be improved through a biomechanical angle.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of total hip replacement on knee joint motion
    Jiang Hai-bo, Ge Shi-rong, Liu Fen, Luo Yong
    2010, 14 (4):  757-760.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.04.044
    Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (231KB) ( 435 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Human lower limb system under different motion statuses exhibits great difference in terms of kinetic characteristics and joint deformation magnitude. Total hip replacement has been shown to be the best method to solve the severe illness of hip joints today. A good understanding of the responses of human lower limb system, in particular the knee joint, following total hip replacement is significant for rehabilitation training of patients.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of total hip replacement on knee joint deformation during motions by comparing the data collected from a patient who underwent total hip replacement 19 months ago and a healthy control subject under the same testing environment and method.
    METHODS: The patient was measured through the use of Optotrak Certus motion capture system (Northern Digital Inc., California), and simultaneously measurements were performed in a healthy control subject presenting with similar body weight and body mass. Measurement indices included step length, step frequency, joint corner, and joint displacement curves. Speed and acceleration of each joint were calculated based on measured data. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following total hip replacement, the structure of natural hip joint was destroyed. Although the gait did not change greatly, experimental data showed that knee joint deformed more greatly than normal gait, indicating the self-accommodation of human body, i.e., increasing the loading and deformation magnitude of knee joints can avoid the injuries caused by hip joint surgery.

    Related Articles | Metrics