Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (1): 156-163.doi: 10.12307/2024.724

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Isolation technique and application of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles from platelet-rich plasma

Li Jiao1, Li Xiaofeng1, 2, Li Jianping1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. 1Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; 2School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China; 3Harbin Blood Center, Harbin 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China; 4Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-08-29 Accepted:2023-10-25 Online:2025-01-08 Published:2024-05-20
  • Contact: Li Jianping, MD, Chief physician, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China; Harbin Blood Center, Harbin 150056, Heilongjiang Province, China; Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China Co-Corresponding author: Li Xiaofeng, Master, Chief technician, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Jiao, Master, Technician-in-charge, Liaoning Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Liaoning Blood Center, Shenyang 110044, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Weigao Scientific Research Foundation of Chinese Blood Transfusion Association, No. CSBT-MWG-2021-01 (to LJP); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2020-MS-354 (to LXF); Research Project of Shenyang Health Commission, No. 2022096 (to LJ) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are the most abundant vesicles in the circulation, rich in bioactive molecules, genetic material, proteins and other information molecules, involved in cellular communication and material exchange, not only has good procoagulant activity, but also has the promotion of tissue repair and regeneration, and has a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. 
OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the secretion mechanism of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, their application in regenerative medicine, and limiting factors for clinical transformation, and to provide some theoretical support for the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles.
METHODS: A computerized search of the PubMed database from January 2005 to August 2023 was applied to articles relating to platelet-derived extracellular vesicles with the search terms “platelet-derived, platelet-rich plasma, extracellular vesicles, isolated, microvesicles exosomes, applications”. A total of 62 articles that met the subject criteria were finally included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Activated platelet-derived extracellular vesicles produce two types of vesicles, platelet-derived microparticles, whose secretion may be associated with the asymmetry of the actin cytoskeleton, and platelet-derived exosomes, which may be associated with the regulation of H+-ATPase. (2) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles are potential effectors of platelet concentrates and platelets themselves, and may intervene in tissue regeneration by promoting angiogenesis, influencing cellular behavior, promoting coagulation and hemostasis, and exerting inflammatory effects. (3) Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles have been reported preclinically in the field of regenerative medicine such as tissue injury, muscle regeneration, cartilage regeneration, and osteoarthritis, and clinical trial data are available as potential therapeutic approaches for wound healing. However, factors such as isolation methods, sample sources, and the types of activators limit the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles into the field of regenerative medicine. (4) In the future, platelet-derived extracellular vesicles may become a cell-free alternative to platelet-rich plasma in regenerative medicine, but the clinical translation of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles needs to actively search for specific markers to differentiate platelet-derived microparticles from platelet-derived exosomes. The mechanism of activator-stimulated platelet-derived extracellular vesicle production, as well as the optimal method of platelet-derived extracellular vesicle collection, the optimal method of storage, the shelf life of the platelet-derived extracellular vesicles, the recommended dosage of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles for clinical application, and the optimal clinical indications need to be further investigated. 

Key words: platelet-derived, platelet-rich plasma, platelet lysate, extracellular vesicle, microvesicle, exosome, isolation, therapeutic, tissue damage, application ,

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