A discogenic pain rat model induced by percutaneous puncture annulus

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.18.008

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: There are many animal models used for studying discogenic pain, but percutaneous puncture annulus is rarely reported. Minimally invasive approach to establish a discogenic pain model in Spraque-Dawley rats could reduce the interference factors of surgical trauma.
OBJECTIVE: To establish a Spraque-Dawley rat model of discogenic pain by percutaneous puncture annulus, with easy operations, high stability and obtaining large-scale productions, and to confirm the model by the results of behavior, MRI and molecular biology.
METHODS: Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats, of specific pathogen free level, were randomly divided into three groups, model group (n=44), control group (n=10) and sham group (n=34). In the model group, the annulus was percutaneously punctured under X-ray guidance; while rats in the sham group were punctured at the paravertebral tissue, rather than the annulus.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The 50% mechanical withdrawal threshold of both hind paws in model group were reduced compared with control group and sham group. In the model group, the L5/6 intervertebral disc degeneration was apparently visible, and the degree of degeneration was aggravated along the time. In the model group, the expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide in dorsal root ganglion of rats began to increase at
3 days post-operation and reached the peak at 21 days post-operation, then remained at high levels until the 35th day post-operation. The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in dorsal root ganglion of rats increased at 3 days post-operation and reached the peak at 14 days post-operation, then remained at a higher level until the 35th day post-operation. The experiment result verifies that the discogenic pain model of Spraque-Dawley rats induced by percutaneous puncture annulus has the advantages of good stability and less trauma. The model can be used to study discogenic pain.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Punctures, Intervertebral Disk, Pain, Disease Models, Animal

CLC Number:

R318

Wu Zhi-qiang, Zhou Li-jun, Chen Jiang-bo, Zhuang Wen-quan . A discogenic pain rat model induced by percutaneous puncture annulus[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(18): 2831-2837.

Figures/Tables 4

References

[1] Mackinnon SE, Hudson AR, Hunter DA. Histologic assessment of nerve regeneration in the rat. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;75(3):384-388.
[2] O'Connell GD, Vresilovic EJ, Elliott DM. Comparison of animals used in disc research to human lumbar disc geometry. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(3):328-333.
[3] Elliott DM, Sarver JJ. Young investigator award winner: validation of the mouse and rat disc as mechanical models of the human lumbar disc. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(7): 713-722.
[4] Goff CW, Landmesser W. Bipedal rats and mice; laboratory animals for orthopaedic research. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1957; 39-A(3):616-622.
[5] Gruber HE, Johnson T, Norton HJ, et al. The sand rat model for disc degeneration: radiologic characterization of age-related changes: cross-sectional and prospective analyses. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002;27(3):230-234.
[6] Hu SJ, Xing JL. An experimental model for chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion produced by intervertebral foramen stenosis in the rat. Pain. 1998;77(1): 15-23.
[7] Ito T, Ohtori S, Inoue G, et al. Glial phosphorylated p38 MAP kinase mediates pain in a rat model of lumbar disc herniation and induces motor dysfunction in a rat model of lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007;32(2):159-167.
[8] Olmarker K. Puncture of a lumbar intervertebral disc induces changes in spontaneous pain behavior: an experimental study in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(8):850-855.
[9] Pfirrmann CW, Metzdorf A, Zanetti M, et al. Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2001;26(17):1873-1878.
[10] Chaplan SR, Bach FW, Pogrel JW, et al. Quantitative assessment of tactile allodynia in the rat paw. J Neurosci Methods. 1994;53(1):55-63.
[11] Lotz JC, Colliou OK, Chin JR, et al. Compression-induced degeneration of the intervertebral disc: an in vivo mouse model and finite-element study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998; 23(23):2493-2506.
[12] Li D, Yang H, Huang Y, et al. Lumbar intervertebral disc puncture under C-arm fluoroscopy: a new rat model of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Anim. 2014;63(2): 227-234.
[13] Arguis MJ, Perez J, Martínez G, et al. Contralateral neuropathic pain following a surgical model of unilateral nerve injury in rats. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2008;33(3):211-216.
[14] Schreiber KL, Beitz AJ, Wilcox GL. Activation of spinal microglia in a murine model of peripheral inflammation- induced, long-lasting contralateral allodynia. Neurosci Lett. 2008;440(1):63-67.
[15] Koltzenburg M, Wall PD, McMahon SB. Does the right side know what the left is doing? Trends Neurosci. 1999; 22(3): 122-127.
[16] Séguin CA, Pilliar RM, Roughley PJ, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha modulates matrix production and catabolism in nucleus pulposus tissue. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2005;30(17): 1940-1948.
[17] Igarashi T, Kikuchi S, Shubayev V, et al. 2000 Volvo Award winner in basic science studies: Exogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha mimics nucleus pulposus-induced neuropathology. Molecular, histologic, and behavioral comparisons in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(23): 2975-2980.
[18] Sasaki N, Kikuchi S, Konno S, et al. Anti-TNF-alpha antibody reduces pain-behavioral changes induced by epidural application of nucleus pulposus in a rat model depending on the timing of administration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2007; 32(4):413-416.
[19] Zanella JM, Burright EN, Hildebrand K, et al. Effect of etanercept, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, on neuropathic pain in the rat chronic constriction injury model. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(3):227-234.
[20] Sommer C, Kress M. Recent findings on how proinflammatory cytokines cause pain: peripheral mechanisms in inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesia. Neurosci Lett. 2004;361(1-3): 184-187.
[21] Cuellar JM, Montesano PX, Carstens E. Role of TNF-alpha in sensitization of nociceptive dorsal horn neurons induced by application of nucleus pulposus to L5 dorsal root ganglion in rats. Pain. 2004;110(3):578-587.
[22] Sugiura A, Ohtori S, Yamashita M, et al. Existence of nerve growth factor receptors, tyrosine kinase a and p75 neurotrophin receptors in intervertebral discs and on dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating intervertebral discs in rats. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008;33(19):2047-2051.
[23] Ozawa T, Aoki Y, Ohtori S, et al. The dorsal portion of the lumbar intervertebral disc is innervated primarily by small peptide-containing dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats. Neurosci Lett. 2003;344(1):65-67.
[24] Ohtori S, Takahashi K, Chiba T, et al. Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive sensory DRG neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral discs in rats. Ann Anat. 2002;184(3):235-240.
[25] Mousa SA, Cheppudira BP, Shaqura M, et al. Nerve growth factor governs the enhanced ability of opioids to suppress inflammatory pain. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 2):502-513.
[26] Benarroch EE. CGRP: sensory neuropeptide with multiple neurologic implications. Neurology. 2011;77(3):281-287.
[27] Orita S, Ohtori S, Nagata M, et al. Inhibiting nerve growth factor or its receptors downregulates calcitonin gene-related peptide expression in rat lumbar dorsal root ganglia innervating injured intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res. 2010; 28(12):1614-1620.