Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 433-442.doi: 10.12307/2026.515

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Preparation of polycaprolactone/low molecular weight fucoidan nanofibers by emulsion electrospinning and assessment of their biocompatibility

Wang Ying1, 2, Wang Yawen3, Xu Yingjie4, Wang Yuanfei4, Wu Tong1, 2   

  1. 1Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textile and Garments, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China; 2Medical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 3School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266113, Shandong Province, China; 4Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266001, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-12 Accepted:2024-12-18 Online:2026-01-18 Published:2025-07-01
  • Contact: Wu Tong, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textile and Garments, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China; Medical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Ying, MS, Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical and Health Textile Materials, College of Textile and Garments, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China; Medical Research Center of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Natural Science Foundation (Youth Project), No. ZR2021QC063 (to WYF)

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: The long-term patency rate of synthetic blood vessels remains a significant challenge that requires urgent attention. Enhancing the anticoagulant performance of small-caliber artificial blood vessels is crucial in ensuring their long-term efficacy.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the anticoagulation activity of polycaprolactone/low molecular weight fucoidan nanofibers with shell core structure and determine the effect on the activity of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
METHODS: Polycaprolactone nanofiber membranes and polycaprolactone/low molecular weight fucoidan nanofiber membranes with polycaprolactone as shell layer and low molecular weight fucoidan as core layer were prepared by emulsion electrospinning method (the mass ratio of low molecular weight fucoidan to polycaprolactone was 10%, 25%, 40%, and 55%, respectively). The morphology and structure of the fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical strength of the fiber membranes was detected by tensile test. The loading rate and sustained release rate of low molecular weight fucoidan in the nanofibers were detected by 1,9-dimethylmethylene blue dye. The anticoagulant properties of the fiber membranes were verified by hemolysis test, dynamic coagulation test, plasma recalcification test, and platelet adhesion test. The five fiber membranes were co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay and the cell morphology was observed by fluorescence microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscope showed that the surface of polycaprolactone/low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide nanofiber membrane was smooth, the fiber diameter was uniform, and there was no obvious beaded structure. With the increase of low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide content in the fiber membrane, the diameter of the fiber membrane increased and the maximum tensile stress decreased, but it still met the mechanical properties requirements of small-caliber artificial blood vessels. Fluorescence images and infrared spectra confirmed that low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide was successfully loaded into polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane, and the low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide loaded in each group of fiber membranes was released suddenly within 12 hours and released at a relatively low rate after 48 hours. (2) Compared with polycaprolactone nanofiber membrane, polycaprolactone/low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide nanofiber membrane had better anticoagulant activity, among which the group with a mass ratio of low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide to polycaprolactone of 25% had the best anticoagulant effect. All five fiber membranes supported the growth and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells without affecting cell morphology and had no obvious cytotoxicity. (3) The results show that the polycaprolactone/low molecular weight brown algae polysaccharide nanofiber membrane has good anticoagulant function, blood compatibility, and cell compatibility.

Key words: emulsion electrospinning, core-shell structure, low molecular weight fucoidan, polycaprolactone, anticoagulant, engineered vascular materials

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