Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Due to the gradually increasing clinical application of biomaterials and artificial organs, there are still some problems during the treatment of diseases. The most common problem is the bacterial infection after biomaterials are implanted into the human body.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of biomaterials on the anti-bacterial adhesion as well as the classification and characteristics of antibacterial biomaterials.
METHODS: The reason of a variety of infections caused by the biomaterials in the body is the formation of bacterial biofilms, therefore, the key to prevent infection after the biomaterials implantation is to inhibit bacterial adhesion on the surface of biomaterial as well as to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms of bacteria on the surface of the biological material. The key of bacterial surface adhesion is to change the characteristics of the bacteria and the physical and chemical property of material surface, and the chemical grafting method, plasma method and gas phase precipitation method are mainly used to reduce the interaction forces between the material and bacteria. To prevent bacterial adhesion, it is firstly to enhance the body's immune defense ability, and secondly to make the interface covered with tissue rapidly and form a tight link interface.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Antibacterial biomaterials can be divided into inorganic antimicrobial biomaterials, natural antimicrobial biomaterials and synthetic antibacterial biomaterials. These three kinds of biomaterials mainly focus on silver-based materials, the chitosan, and the synthetic antibacterial biomaterials, and the quaternary ammonium salts materials, respectively. Each kind of material has its own advantages and disadvantages. Further in vitro and in vivo basic experiments and clinical studies are needed to verify and promote the development of antibacterial biomaterials.