Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2019, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (33): 5396-5403.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1840
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Satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia: implication for pain regulation
Zhang Xiaozhuo1, Lü Tingting1, Wang Zhaoqin1, Weng Zhijun2, Cui Yunhua2, Zhang Fang2, Zhao Min2, Liu Huirong2, Wu Huangan2
- 1Yueyang Clinical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; 2Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China
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Revised:2019-06-18Online:2019-11-28Published:2019-11-28 -
Contact:Cui Yunhua, MD, Associate researcher, Master’s supervisor, Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian, Shanghai 200030, China -
About author:Zhang Xiaozhuo, Master candidate, Yueyang Clinical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China -
Supported by:the National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China, No. 2015CB554501 (to WHG); the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81873367 (to WZJ); Shanghai Young Talents Sailing Plan, No. 18YF1421600 (to ZF); Scientific Research Topics of Shanghai Health and Planning Commission, No. 20174Y0015 (to ZF); Shanghai Leading Medical Talents Project (2015), No. 80 (to LHR); Shanghai Three-Year Plan for the Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-2004-01 (to WHG)
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Zhang Xiaozhuo, Lü Tingting, Wang Zhaoqin, Weng Zhijun, Cui Yunhua, Zhang Fang, Zhao Min, Liu Huirong, Wu Huangan. Satellite glial cells in dorsal root ganglia: implication for pain regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2019, 23(33): 5396-5403.
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2.1 神经元与卫星胶质细胞的结构形态 背根神经节是感觉神经节的主要类型，是痛觉传入的第一站，支配着包括内脏在内的身体大部分部位的感觉传入。背根神经节中神经元外紧密的包绕着卫星胶质细胞，并与之形成了独特的功能单位[6-7]，在卫星胶质细胞鞘膜外又有结缔组织环绕，把它与相邻的神经元鞘区分开[8]，由此形成了由单个神经元与其鞘组成的独立单元，也有2个或2个以上神经元由共同胶质细胞覆盖，形成的神经细胞簇。卫星胶质细胞包绕的内部，神经元与卫星胶质细胞鞘膜之间间隔仅约20 nm，神经元外细胞空间非常小，而正是这种紧密的位置关系，有助于卫星胶质细胞控制神经元周围环境(亦即鞘内环境)，也有助于神经元细胞与胶质细胞之间的信号传递[7]，为了进一步增加这种信号传递，神经元可以发出一些细微凸起(微绒毛)，与胶质细胞的内陷相吻合[9]，进一步增加了神经元与卫星胶质细胞之间接触面积。 在卫星胶质细胞紧密包绕下，神经元与外界相隔离，背根神经节有机汞中毒的试验中也证明了此点[10]，无论剂量高低，大多数汞都出现在神经元周围的胶质细胞中，神经元细胞标记不太明显。而卫星胶质细胞被有机汞标记后开始出现细胞增殖和肥大，胶质细胞的变化为神经元提供了很好的的保护，一定程度减缓了这些分子的扩散。但是在许多研究中也发现，不仅仅是离子和小型神经递质，甚至大分子如蛋白质等都可渗透卫星胶质细胞鞘膜，进入神经细胞外间隙[8]。因此卫星胶质细胞不是神经元的绝对屏障，卫星胶质细胞对神经元有一定的保护作用，同时也允许部分小分子进入鞘膜实现对神经元的调节。 2.2 卫星胶质细胞-背根神经节之间的信号传递 背根神经节内神经元胞体和卫星胶质细胞都对ATP、细胞因子等递质敏感，且神经元与卫星胶质细胞表面分别主要表达不同的受体，如神经元表达P2X3受体，而卫星胶质细胞主要表达P2X7受体，各类受体递质研究占比见表1。而这些递质、受体也是卫星胶质细胞与神经元以及与邻近胶质细胞信号传递的主要方式。通过神经元将信息传递给卫星胶质细胞，卫星胶质细胞传递到邻近卫星胶质细胞，邻近胶质细胞再传递给鞘内神经元的方式实现神经元与神经元之间的交流，形成类似于“神经元-卫星胶质细胞-神经元”的交流单位(见图2)。"
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