Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 2575-2589.doi: 10.12307/2025.358

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Meta-analysis of the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes

Chen Jiayi1, Li Huijing2, Nong Yuxuan1, Yin Yunfang1, Liu Xiaobo1, Chen Yue3, Hu Xiaoshen1, Zhong Dongling1, Li Juan1, Liu Tianyu4, #br# Jin Rongjiang1#br#   

  1. 1School of Health Cultivation and Rehabilitation, 2School of Clinical Medicine, 4School of Physical Education and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China; 3Chengdu Gu Lian Jin Chen Rehabilitation Hospital, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Accepted:2024-05-22 Online:2025-04-28 Published:2024-09-11
  • Contact: Jin Rongjiang, MD, Professor, School of Health Cultivation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China Co-corresponding author: Liu Tianyu, MD, Associate professor, School of Physical Education and Health, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Chen Jiayi, Master candidate, School of Health Cultivation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Youth Fund for Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education of China, No. 19YJC890027 (to LTY); Major Science and Technology Application Demonstration Project in Chengdu, No. 2022-YF09-00058-SN (to LTY)

Abstract: METHODS: The PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP and SinoMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes from database inception to May 8, 2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software.
RESULTS: A total of 50 eligible articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the non-sarcopenic population, the phase angle was significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients [standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) (-1.09, -0.90), P < 0.000 01]. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that the difference of phase angle was more significant in patients with severe sarcopenia and Asian sarcopenia. Moreover, reduction in the phase angle was more obvious in patients with malignant tumors and respiratory diseases with sarcopenia. And skeletal muscle mass index (Pearson’s r=0.565, P < 0.000 01), grip strength (Pearson’s r=0.446, P < 0.000 01), and gait speed (Pearson’s r=0.405, P < 0.000 01) all showed a moderate positive correlation with phase angle. However, appendicular skeletal muscle mass index showed a very weak positive correlation with phase angle (Pearson’s r=0.139, P=0.02).
CONCLUSION: Phase angle has a significant difference between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia population, and it is correlated with the diagnostic indexes of sarcopenia to different extents. It suggests that phase angle has some clinical values in the objective diagnosis of sarcopenia. However, the results may be influenced by some factors such as sarcopenia severity and detection instruments of phase angle. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies, more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Key words: sarcopenia, phase angle, correlation, Meta-analysis, bioelectrical impedance analysis, skeletal muscle mass index, grip strength, gait speed

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