Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (31): 5063-5069.doi: 10.12307/2024.723

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Exosome-derived microRNA with bone and joint diseases: role and mechanism

Yuan Ping1, Wang Zhihua1, Wang Weizhou2, Wang Wentong1, He Fei3   

  1. 1Trauma Center, 2Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655099, Yunnan Province, China
  • Received:2023-09-06 Accepted:2023-11-01 Online:2024-11-08 Published:2024-01-23
  • Contact: He Fei, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Qujing Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Qujing 655099, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Yuan Ping, Master candidate, Trauma Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Project), No. 82160417 (to HF); Applied Basic Research in Yunnan Province (Key Project of Kunming Medical University Joint Project), No. 202101AY070001-013 (to HF); Cloud-Ridge Industry Technology Leader Grant, No. YLXL20170046 (to HF)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes are vesicle-like structures secreted by cells into extracellular compartments in the form of cytosol, which contain a large amount of microRNAs with important intercellular communication roles. MicroRNAs in exosomes rely on exosome transport and are able to enter target cells to exert important biological regulatory effects. In common bone and joint diseases, abnormal or damaged bone metabolism releases a large number of exosomes, while some exosome-derived microRNAs also promote the progression of osteoarthritis. Therefore, exosome-derived microRNAs are closely related to the skeletal system and are important for the development as well as diagnosis and treatment of many osteoarticular diseases. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of exosome-derived microRNAs in bone metabolism and bone and joint diseases.
METHODS: Using “exosomes, extracellular vesicle, microRNA, miRNA, bone, bone diseases, bone formation, bone regeneration, bone resorption, bone destruction” as Chinese and English search terms, articles were searched on CNKI, Metasys, and PubMed databases. Finally, 86 articles were included for summarization. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exosome-derived microRNAs can regulate bone metabolism by affecting bone formation and bone resorption, and are closely related to the development of bone and joint diseases such as fracture healing, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, and osteosarcoma. Exosome-derived microRNAs will be an effective means of diagnosis and treatment of certain bone and joint diseases in the future. However, the current research on exosome-derived microRNAs in osteoarthritic diseases is limited, and more explorations and researches are still needed to diagnose and treat osteoarthritic diseases using exosome-derived microRNAs.

Key words: exosome, microRNA, bone and joint diseases, bone formation, bone resorption, fracture, osteoporosis, arthritis, femoral head necrosis, osteosarcoma 

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