Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research

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Deer antler: A stem cell-based organ regeneration research model

Chu Wen-hui, Wang Da-tao, Lu Xiao-ping, Li Chun-yi   

  1. Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun  130000, Jilin Province, China
  • Revised:2013-05-29 Online:2013-11-05 Published:2013-11-05
  • Contact: Li Chun-yi, Doctor, Investigator, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China lichunyi1959@163.com
  • About author:Chu Wen-hui★, Master, Assistant researcher, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Changchun 130000, Jilin Province, China jake-chu@hotmail.com
  • Supported by:

    the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation of China, No. 2011CB111500*; the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province, No. 20101575*; the National “863” Program of China, No. 2011AA100603*

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Deer antlers are the unique mammalian organs which can periodically regenerate, and the process is known as a stem cell-based event. Exploring the underlying mechanism of deer antler regeneration and indentifying the functional role of stem cell in mammalian organ regeneration are of great importance to regenerative biology and regenerative medicine.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relevant literatures of the research progress in antler regeneration, as well as effects of stem cells and cytokines on antler regeneration.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed (1994-01/2012-10) was performed for acquiring the articles in English by using the key words of “deer antler; antler regeneration; stem cell. In addition, manual search was also performed for those literatures that cannot be readily obtained from internet search. Articles concerning antler regeneration histology, morphology, antler stem cells and micro-environmental studies, and related cytokines. Repetitive studies or articles that are unrelated to the criteria set for the article were excluded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 87 articles were obtained and finally 31 articles were selected. The key tissue types for antler regeneration are antlerogenic periosteum and pedicle periosteum, the cells within which are known as antler stem cells. The covering skin of antlerogenic periosteum and pedicle periosteum constitutes the functional niche for antler stem cells. Numerous cytokines are involved in the process of antler fast growing and full regeneration, including insulin-like growth factor, sex hormones, human epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. It is vitally important to identify the interacting molecules between the antler stem cells and their niche cell types, and to define the role of each molecule that plays in antler regeneration, which will greatly advance our knowledge of the stem cell-based mammalian organ regeneration.

Key words: stem cells, bone and bones, bone regeneration, cytokines

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