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    28 January 2021, Volume 25 Issue 在线 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Characteristics and effects of exosomes from different cell sources in cardioprotection
    Pu Rui, Chen Ziyang, Yuan Lingyan
    2021, 25 (在线):  1. 
    Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (687KB) ( 55 )   Save
    BACKGROUND: More and more studies have shown that exosomes have become a new direction in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. Exosomes play an important role in cardioprotection, but their specific mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. 
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the diagnostic role of exosomes in cardiovascular diseases, and summarize the research on cardioprotection of exosomes from different cell sources, in order to provide a theoretical reference for better prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
    METHODS: The key words were “exosomes, cardioprotection, cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem cells” in Chinese and English. The articles on various cell-derived exosomes and cardioprotection published from 1981 to 2020 were searched. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 72 articles were finally included for summary and induction.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes are closely related to the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, and play a beneficial effect in the screening, diagnosis and prognosis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, so exosomes can be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. (2) Cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, cardiac progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes mediated miRNA and related proteins play an important role in cardioprotection.
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    Effect of “three-tong acupuncture” on brain function of patients with spinal cord injury based on magnetic resonance technology 
    Min Youjiang, Yao Haihua, Sun Jie, Zhou Xuan, Yu Hang, Sun Qianpu, Hong Ensi
    2021, 25 (在线):  1-8. 
    Abstract ( 160 )   PDF (1442KB) ( 26 )   Save
    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that brain function changes after spinal cord injury, and acupuncture treatment has a good effect on incomplete spinal cord injury. Whether acupuncture can affect the remodeling of brain function in patients with spinal cord injury is worth studying.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of "three-tong acupuncture" on brain function in patients with spinal cord injury. 
    METHODS: Twenty spinal cord injury patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into acupuncture treatment group (n=10) and drug treatment group (n=10). Acupoints of Dazhui, Yaoyangguan, Ciliao, Zusanli and etc. were selected and dilatation wave was selected for electroacupuncture which lasted for 30 minutes, once a day. In the drug treatment group, monosialotetrahexosyl ganglioside sodium was intravenously administered with the dose of 60 mg, once a day, 4 weeks as a course, two courses in total, with an interval of 7 days. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committees of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, with an approval No. 2014031107.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was a significant improvement in scores of sensory, motor, daily activity and American Spinal Injury Association grading assessment in the two groups after treatment, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). The amplitude low-frequency fluctuation of bilateral main sensorimotor cortexes of patients in both groups after treatment were significantly increased compared with those before treatment, and the amplitude low-frequency fluctuation of bilateral caudate nucleus after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment, and there was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment. The regional homogeneity of bilateral anterior and posterior central gyrus and middle temporal gyrus/inferior temporal gyrus between two groups after treatment were significantly higher than those before treatment. The regional homogeneity of bilateral thalamus and caudate nucleus after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment. There were however no significant difference in the regional homogeneity of these above-mentioned brain areas. The fractional anisotropy of the posterior limb of the internal capsule and the corona radiate after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment, and the mean diffusivity was decreased compared with that before treatment. There were significant differences in the two groups before and after treatment except for the right radial crown. These findings indicate that “three-tong acupuncture” can improve the remodeling of brain function in patients with spinal cord injury, which may be one of the mechanisms of acupuncture treating spinal cord injury.
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    Mechanism of Inulae flos in the treatment of osteoporosis: an analysis based on network pharmacology
    An Yang, Liao Yinan, Xie Chengxin, Li Qinglong, Huang Ge, Jin Xin, Yin Dong
    2021, 25 (在线):  1-8. 
    Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (3259KB) ( 44 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The treatment of osteoporosis is a major problem that plagues the medical field. In particular, the development and application of new drugs have always been the focus of modern pharmacology and regenerative medicine. As a common medicinal herb, Inulae flos has not been studied for its value in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. The relationship between the two is analyzed from the network pharmacology level to provide a certain theoretical basis for new drug development and disease treatment. 

    OBJECTIVE: To explore the application prospects of Inulae flos in the treatment of osteoporosis by means of network pharmacology. 

    METHODS: The active ingredients of Inulae flos were screened by TCMSP database. The targets of active ingredients were predicted from TCMSP and Swiss Target Prediction database, and the targets of osteoporosis were predicted by GeneCards database and DrugBank database. Protein-protein interaction network analysis was conducted with String database. Cytoscape software was used to construct a protein-protein interaction network diagram and a drugcomponent-target-disease network diagram. David database was used for enrichment analysis. Molecular docking prediction was completed using autodock vina software. 

    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were 19 effective pharmaceutical active ingredients of Inulae flos and 180 potential targets for osteoporosis treatment, such as AKT1, TP53, VEGFA. Quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol are considered to be the key effective ingredients for the treatment of osteoporosis by Inulae flos. The results of enrichment analysis showed that the therapeutic effect of Inulae flos on osteoporosis may be related to cell proliferation and apoptosis, aging, hormone levels and hypoxic stress and other life processes, and may be directly or indirectly associated with mediating signaling pathways such as FOXO, PI3K-Akt, and hypoxia inducible factor 1. The therapeutic effect of Inulae flos on osteoporosis needs to be verified by more basic experiments. Our research provides new ideas and new methods for follow-up experiments.

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    Experimental study on treatment of Achilles tendinitis with ultrasound-guided phacoemulsification
    Yang Xiaoxiao, Xu Yuanjing, Li Wentao, Wang Wenhao, Ma Zhenjiang, Wang Jinwu
    2021, 25 (在线):  1. 
    Abstract ( 205 )   PDF (892KB) ( 37 )   Save
    BACKGROUND: Tendinitis is a common chronic disease. At present, conservative treatment and surgical treatment are difficult to cure. A minimally invasive and convenient treatment method that has not been widely used in clinical practice. 
    OBJECTIVE: This study explored the feasibility of applying phacoemulsification instrument to treat Achilles tendinitis through the Achilles tendinitis model. 
    METHODS:  New Zealand rabbit models of Achilles tendinitis were built by collagenase injection, and treated by ultrasonic emulsification under guidance of B-mode ultrasonic scan in 3 weeks. After 3weeks captivity, biomechanical analysis, hydroxyproline concentration measurement of Achilles tendinitis and HE staining was applied to estimate the tendon repair.   
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three weeks after ultrasonic emulsification treatment, HE staining showed that the disordered arrangement of collagen fibers and the cell condensation in group C were improved compared with group B, while the biomechanical analysis and hydroxyproline concentration showed no amelioration in tendinitis. Ultrasonic emulsification therapy is prospect in tendon repair while it is necessary to further explore and optimize the treatment parameters and modes to improve the application effect in many aspects .
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    Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium can upregulate BeWo cell viability and zonula occludens expression under hypoxia
    Lin Qingfan, Xie Yixin, Chen Wanqing, Ye Zhenzhong, Chen Youfang
    2021, 25 (在线):  4970-4975.  doi: 10.12307.2021.000
    Abstract ( 465 )   PDF (2087KB) ( 27 )   Save
    BACKGROUND: In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have become a research hotspot in the field of new drug development, and their paracrine effect has also been applied in the repair evaluation experiments of a variety of tissue injured cell models, but there is no research to explore whether their conditioned medium can repair the tight junction function of human placental trophoblast cells under hypoxia.
    OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium on cell viability and expression of tight junction factors in human placental choriocarcinoma trophoblast cell line BeWo under hypoxia. 
    METHODS: BeWo cells were exposed to hypoxia induced by 1 000 μmol/L CoCl2 for 12 hours to construct the hypoxia model of placental barrier. For model evaluation, five indexes were measured, including cell viability and expression of hypoxia induced factors-1α, as well as three tight junction factors: zonula occludens 1, claudins 4 and claudins 8. Mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium was added into hypoxia model to construct hypoxia intervention and reoxygenation groups. To investigate the potential mechanism of zonula occludens 1 expression recovery induced by mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium, insulin-like growth factor 1 hypoxia intervention and treatment groups were established, and the BeWo cell viability and zonula occludens 1 expression were detected.   
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) BeWo cells viability, zonula occludens 1 and claudins 4 expression were reduced by CoCl2-mimic hypoxia, with hypoxia induced factors-1α mRNA and protein upregulation. However, the expression of claudins 8 mRNA was upregulated, and its protein was downregulated. (2) Human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned medium improved BeWo cells viability and recovered expression level of hypoxia induced factors-1α and zonula occludens 1 under hypoxia induced by CoCl2, but it has no effect on claudins 4. (3) Insulin like growth factor-1 intervention alleviated the inhibition of hypoxia on the viability of BeWo cells, and upregulated the expression of zonula occludens 1. 
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