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01 January 2014, Volume 18 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus mice have reduced osteogenic and adipogenic abilities Ruan Guang-ping, Wang Jin-xiang, Yang Jian-yong, Liu Ju-fen, Cai Xue-min, Pang Rong-qing, Lv Yan-bo, Pan Xing-hua 2014, 18 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.001 Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (2190KB) ( 609 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are less studies addressing whether bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients are different from healthy people. OBJECTIVE: To compare the multi-differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice and normal control mice. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of systemic lupus erythematosus model mice and C57BL mice were isolated and cultured followed by osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations, respectively. Differentiation abilities of two kinds of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Passaged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from C57BL mice were long spindle-shaped and evenly distributed, while bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice showed slow growth and were relatively smaller than those from C57BL mice. After osteogenic induction, the amount of calcium salt and calcium nodules were significantly less in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice than from normal control mice. PCR detection showed that expressions of Runx2, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin were also significantly decreased in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice. After adipogenic induction, the number of lipid droplets in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice was significantly less than the control group, and PCR detection also showed significantly decreased expression of adipogenic genes, including PPARγ2 and lipoprotein lipase. These findings suggest that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from systemic lupus erythematosus model mice exhibit lower osteogenic and adipogenic capacities than those from normal C57BL mice, and also have the impaired multi-differentiation ability. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Proliferation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head Wang Bai-liang, Li Tie-jun, Yue De-bo, Sun Wei 2014, 18 (1):  7-13.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.002 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (575KB) ( 486 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head is one of the major causes of the loss of hip joint function. More and more studies have shown that corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head may be associated with proliferation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To detect the proliferation and differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from patients with steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head, providing rational evidences for treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head with the transplantation of autologous bone marrow containing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into the necrotic area of femoral head. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the femoral heads were collected from patients with corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head, and new femoral neck fractures without osteonecrosis who were scheduled for total hip arthroplasty. In another group, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were collected from ilium bone marrow of the same steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head patients. The femoral neck fracture was defined as fracture without preceding trauma or in response to minimal trauma. Cases with corticoid treatment were excluded from the femur neck fracture patients. All bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were divided three groups: femoral neck fracture group; femoral head group of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head; ilium group of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated by enzyme digestion or density gradient centrifugation from bone marrow blood of the three detecting area, and then selected by the adhesive method. Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were selected for experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay indicated that the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the femoral head group showed reduced proliferation ability compared with those obtained from the other two groups. The percentage of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was increased at G0/G1, but decreased significantly at S+G2/M in the femoral head group (P < 0.05). The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the ilium group were proliferated best. The decreased proliferation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may play a role in the low repair capacity of corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from the ilium of patients with corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head have a better proliferative ability. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of hypoxia and serum deprivation on endogenous hydrogen sulfide production in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells   Guo Zeng, Li Cong-sheng, Xie Yang-jing, Wang Chun-miao, Cheng Jing-lin, Wang Ai-ling 2014, 18 (1):  14-20.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.003 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (2348KB) ( 590 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ischemia microenvironment contributes mostly to the low survival rate of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after transplantation. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can protect various cells and tissue models against apoptosis and injury. OBJECTIVE: To detect the cell apoptosis and viability, content of H2S in supernatant, and the expression of H2S synthetase after different time of hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The passage 3 rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were divided into five different cultivation time groups: 0-, 3-, 6-, 12- and 24-hour groups. After enough hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivated time, the cell apoptosis was detected by SubG1, the cell viability was determined by cell counting kit-8, the content of H2S in supernatant was measured by N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamin and the expression of H2S synthetase by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared to the normal cultivation group, after different hypoxia and serum  deprivation cultivated time, the cell apoptosis increased and cell viability decreased significantly. The longer hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivated time caused the more cell apoptosis and the lower cell viability. The contents of H2S and its synthetase were also suppressed by hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation. The difference was statistically significant. These findings suggest that hypoxia and serum deprivation cultivation can inhibit the generation of H2S and expression of its synthetase. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of activating transcription factor 4 in osteogenic induction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Wu Dan, Li Su-ling, Wang Lu, Xu Ling, Xiang Hua-ju 2014, 18 (1):  21-26.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.004 Abstract ( 421 )   PDF (2422KB) ( 481 )   Save BACKGROUND: Activating transcription factor 4 is found as an activating factor that can regulate osteogenic differentiation and function, and plays a critical role in the osteogenic differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of activating transcription factor 4 in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, and ossification revulsant was added to induce passage 3 cells. Cells with no osteogenic induction served as controls. RT-PCR and western blot assay were employed to dynamically monitor expression of activating transcription factor 4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: RT-PCR results showed that activating transcription factor 4 mRNA expression increased with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, and peaked at day 16. Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of activating transcription factor 4 tended to increase with the increasing osteogenic differentiation, peaked at day 16 and still maintained at a higher level at day 19. Compared with the uninduced cells, activating transcription factor 4 in the induced cells exhibited a higher expression at mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that activating transcription factor 4 expression is elevated during osteogenic differentiation, showing a positive correlation with osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells repair vascular injury after cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy Zhang Xia-meng, Shou Zhe-xing 2014, 18 (1):  27-32.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.005 Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (1970KB) ( 586 )   Save BACKGROUND: Inflammation is an important factor in cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to treat cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy because of the immunomodulatory effects to inhibit inflammation.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the injury mechanism of vascular injury in the model of cervical spondylotic vertebral arteriopathy and to study the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on it. METHODS: Forty Japanese big ear rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: control group, model group, tanshinone group, and stem cell group. After modeling, the control and model groups were not given intervention, while the tanshinone and stem cell groups were injected with tanshinone II A sodium sulfonate solution (10 mL) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell suspension (10 mL) along the ear vein, respectively. After 2 weeks, the routine pathological examination was done to observe the vascular morphological changes, immunofluorescence staining was done to observe the cathepsin B expression in the vertebral artery, and ELISA was used to detect the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in the vertebral artery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the arterial smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia was obviously restrained in stem cell group, and vascular endothelial fold was in symmetry, while no significant difference was found between stem cell group and tanshinone group. Compared with the model group, expressions of cathepsin B, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression were reduced significantly in the stem cell group (P < 0.05), while there was no difference between the model and tanshinone groups (P > 0.05). Inflammatory reaction may be one of mechanisms for vertebral artery damage, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can effectively inhibit inflammation of the vertebral artery and improve vascular remodeling. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells in rats with primary nephrotic syndrome Yang Huan-dan, Zhang Rui-feng, Feng Dong-jin, Zhu Bing-bing, Lv Juan 2014, 18 (1):  33-38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.006 Abstract ( 416 )   PDF (2085KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: Decreased function and reduced number of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells have been considered the major manifestation of immunity dysfunction in children with primary nephrotic syndrome. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have immunoregulation effects, which up-regulate CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, inhibit proliferation of lymphocytes, and have been widely used in many immune diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells of peripheral blood in rats with primary nephrotic syndrome. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from six Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated, passaged and utilized for cell suspension preparation. At the third passage, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used for transplantation. The remaining 30 rats were randomly and equally divided into three groups: normal group, normal saline infusion group, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group. The rat models of primary nephrotic syndrome were established by single injection of adriamycin intravenously through tail vein in the latter two groups. Rats were then treated with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (1×107) (bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group) or normal saline (normal saline infusion group) through tail vein at the same time after adriamycin administration. The normal group received no treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal group, rats in the normal saline infusion group developed nephropathy characterized by ascites, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholastero-lnemia, and progressive renal injury. However, the proteinurine and clinical severity in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group were significantly ameliorated after treatment with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. CD4+CD25+Treg/ CD4+ Treg in the peripheral blood in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group and normal saline infusion group were significantly higher than that in the normal group at 28 days after model establishment (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference between bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group and normal saline infusion group (P > 0.05). The expression of FoxP3 mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group was significantly higher than that in the normal saline infusion group and normal group (P < 0.05). The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells play a protective effect in rats with primary nephrotic syndrome, which may be related to the increase of local expression of FoxP3 and generation of CD4+ CD25+Treg. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation, culture and CM-Dil labeling of rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro Li Chao-zhong, Xiao Jian-ming, Chen Li-xing, Li Wan-rong, Zhang Chun-hai 2014, 18 (1):  39-44.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.007 Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (1965KB) ( 514 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there is no uniform, standardized approach to isolate, purify and proliferate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Chlormethylbenzamido-1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (CM-Dil) is a stable, reliable, high marking and simple marker. OBJECTIVE: To develop the methods for isolation, culture and identification of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. METHODS: Two male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 50-100 g were taken to collect the bilateral femur and tibia bone marrow under sterile conditions, and then, primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured using bone marrow adherent separation and density gradient centrifugation. Cells were amplified and purified through timely and repeated passage, and labeled at the third generation with fluorescent dyes CM-Dil in vitro as a source of donor cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured successfully in vitro using bone marrow adherent separation and density gradient centrifugation separation methods, but the former was superior to the latter in the number of cultured cells significantly, while the two methods were not different significantly in terms of cell viability and proliferation. Flow cytometry results showed that the positive rates of cultured cells were 17.5% for CD34, 97.9% for CD44, and 91% for CD90. CM-Dil can label bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells successfully, which is a stable, reliable, high marking and simple marker. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characterization of C57 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a whole bone marrow adherent culture technique Zhang Rong-yao, Bi Xiao-juan, Ma Yan, Duan Xian-lin, Jiang Ming 2014, 18 (1):  45-50.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.008 Abstract ( 626 )   PDF (1898KB) ( 903 )   Save BACKGROUND: Under mitomycin C treatment, feeder cells appear to have restricted proliferation, but they are still able to secret different cytokines. Non-mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow and secreted factors in plasma maintain the micro-environment suitable for the growth of mesenchymal stem cells that can improve the yield of mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To study the biological characteristics of C57 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated using a whole bone marrow adherent culture technique. METHODS: Using the whole bone marrow adherent culture technique, purified and amplified C57 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were harvested. Cell proliferation kinetics, immune cell surface markers, multiple differentiation potential and cell cycle were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Using the whole bone marrow culture, mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were harvested and capable of adhering to the plastic culture vessel. The obtained cells expressed CD45, CD105 and Sca-1, but were negative for CD34, CD33 and C-kit. The doubling time was (57.11±1.5) hours. The cells could be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. The cell cycle analysis showed that 64% of cells were in G0-G1 phase. These indicates that C57 mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated using a whole bone marrow adherent culture technique have biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Culturing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from Sprague-Dawley rats using whole bone marrow adherence method Gong Yu, Wang Hong-fei, Xia Hai-jun 2014, 18 (1):  51-56.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.009 Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (2331KB) ( 530 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue and cell implantation entails high-quality seed cells. In order to satisfy this requirement, it is crucial to produce adequate well-conditioned, high-purity and strong proliferation ability bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To establish a simple, rapid and effective in vitro isolation and culture method of bone marrow- derived mesenchymal stem cells, and to define the biological features of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the bilateral tibial and femoral bones by the method of whole bone marrow, then purified and passaged by attachment method. The morphology and features of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed, the growth curve was drawn and the cell surface antigen was detected by flow cytometry. The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate along the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated by the whole bone marrow adherence method grew vigorously and were highly purified. The cultured cells were spindle-shaped. The growth curve was S-shaped and the population doubling time was 29 hours. The cells still maintained a strong proliferative capacity after they were passaged for 10 generations. The surface markers such as CD44, CD29, CD90 were positive, while CD45, CD34, CD11b were negative. At the third passage, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced to differentiate along the osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages, respectively. Following induction, Alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase staining, von-kossa mineralized nodules staining, toluidine blue staining, and oil red O staining were all positive. This shows that the whole bone marrow adherence method is a simple and reliable method for the in vitro isolation, culture and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, they have multi-lineage differentiation capacity under different inducers. The third passage bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have the highest biological activity and can act as the ideal seed cells for subsequent experiments. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha lentiviral vector on osteogenic gene expression of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Zhang Jin-e, Wang Shu-hong, Zhang Xin, Guo Hua-yan, Guo Na, Huang Yuan-liang 2014, 18 (1):  57-62.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.010 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (2303KB) ( 602 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteogenesis is closely integrated with angiogenesis in bone formation and repair process, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is considered to be the most important core transcription factor promoting angiogenesis gene regulation, which may promote the formation of blood vessels at hypoxia portion, and thus contribute to bone formation. OBJECTIVE: To construct the Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (wild type) and Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (point mutant type) lentiviral eukaryotic expression vectors and to detect their impact on the osteogenic gene expression of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (wild type) and Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (point mutant type) lentiviral eukaryotic expression vectors were constructed according to the wild type human HIF-1α gene sequence and the determined restriction sites of human HIF-1α point mutant sequence. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were transfected with the prepared Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (wild type) and Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (point mutant type) virus solution. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunofluorescence microscopy observations indicated that the cells of Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (wild type) group and Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (point mutant type) group showed no obvious fluorescence on transfected 7 days, and two groups of cells showed a more obvious green fluorescent after transfection 14 days. Quantitative PCR analysis results showed that there were obvious HIF-1α and bonemorphogenetic protein 2 gene expressions on days 7 after transfection and the two genes still showed highly expression levels after transfection 14 days. The two lentiviral eukaryotic expression vectors of Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (wild type) and Lenti-HIF-1α-IRES-EGFP (point mutant type) could be constructed according to the wild type human HIF-1α gene sequence and the determined restriction sites of human HIF-1α point mutant sequence; HIF-1α gene can promote the osteogenic gene expression of lentivirus-transfected rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Low-dose reduced glutathione promotes umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cell proliferation Qu Xin, Di Xu, Han Lu, Zhang Hai-chao 2014, 18 (1):  63-68.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.011 Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (899KB) ( 760 )   Save BACKGROUND: How to obtain a sufficient number of cells is one of the key issues in the cell transplantation therapy, and studies have shown that stem cell proliferation can be promoted by reasonable stimulus. OBJECTIVE: To investigate reduced glutathione effects on biological characteristics of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The cells were divided into two groups: the control group consisted of the normal human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells, and in the experimental group, human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells were treated with 0.15 g/L reduced glutathione. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At days 5, 7, 9, cells treated with 0.15 g/L reduced glutathione showed higher absorbance values than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed reduced glutathione had no effects on CD29, CD44, CD45, CD105 expression. Real-time PCR results showed reduced glutathione was capable of promoting extracellular signal-regulated kinase mRNA expression (P < 0.05). Findings from this study showed that 0.15 g/L reduced glutathione can promote the proliferation of human umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation delays denervated muscle atrophy in rats Chen Chuan-huang, Yang Tao, Wu Fang, Li Wen-qing, Li Chu-yan, Mao Ren-qun, Yu Zhi-cai,Zhang Guo-lei, Xiao Zhen-xing, Yang Wan-zhang 2014, 18 (1):  69-74.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.012 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 519 )   Save BACKGROUND: Slow growth of peripheral nerve, muscle denervation atrophy and fossilization of motor end plate following sciatic nerve injury cause irreversible limb function disorders. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used in multi-disciplinary research, but studies concerning umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells delaying denervated muscle atrophy in rats following peripheral nerve injury are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the value of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation to delay denervated muscle atrophy of rats after sciatic nerve injury. METHODS: Umbilical cord blood was collected from healthy parturient woman after full-term delivery. In the experimental group, the rat’s Sunderland IV degree sciatic nerve injury model was established by 5 mm denervation, epineurial repair, and 5 mm small gap transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. In the control group, after modeling, the same volume of normal saline was injected into the small gap. The main outcome measures included the sciatic nerve function index, the wet weight of triceps surae,sciatic nerve latency,  action potential conduction velocity and amplitude,and skeletal muscle fiber cross section area maintenance rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4, 8 and 12 weeks of modeling, the sciatic nerve function index values, the wet weight of triceps surae and skeletal muscle fiber cross section area maintenance rates in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 12 weeks of modeling, electromyography results showed sciatic nerve latency was significantly lower, but action potential conduction velocity and amplitude were dramatically higher in the experimental group than the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in denervated muscle atrophy rats after sciatic nerve promotes nerve growth, delays denervated muscle atrophy, maintains the denervatied neuromusle’s morphology and function. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells in vitro Li Wei-wei, Yao Xing-yu, Yang Li-min, Zhao Peng-wei, Zhang Guo-hua 2014, 18 (1):  75-80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.013 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (2090KB) ( 663 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow and fat, human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as one of the most potential cell sources to repair the central nervous system, are easy-based, more primitive, and not limited by ethical and legal. OBJECTIVE: To explore differentiation of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells into neural stem cells induced by the recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor and recombinant human epidermal growth factor. METHODS: The human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells were induced by basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor in vitro. The cell morphology was observed by invert microscope. The  differentiation status was detected by immunofluorescence. The Nestin expression in mRNA level before and after induction was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The neural stem cell balls were observed after induction. And the Nestin was detected by immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. Nestin could further differentiate to the neuronal markproteins neuron-specific enolase, microtubule-associated protein 2 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein. Results from this study show that basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor can induce human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate to neural stem cells, neurons and glial cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Tenogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in hypoxia Cheng Tao, Yu Yang, Zhang Xiao-lei, Zheng Yi-jing, Lou Yu-liang, Hong Jian-jun 2014, 18 (1):  81-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.014 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (2167KB) ( 447 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are gaining widespread interest in the Achilles tendon tissue engineering and regeneration, and an enabling environment (oxygen concentration) for cell induction and differentiation is particularly necessary. OBJECTIVE: To co-culture adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with primary tenocytes in standard culture condition (20% O2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2% O2 tension) in order to determine whether the two conditions differ in their effect on tenogenic differentiation. METHODS: Tenocytes were isolated via serial expansion in culture from several Sprague-Dawley rats’ Achilles tendons. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were purchased. After one passage, adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells were indirectly co-cultured with tenocytes in standard culture condition (20% O2 tension) and in an atmosphere of reduced oxygen (2% O2 tension). Collagen 1, collagen 3, Tenomodulin, Thrombospondin-4, Scleraxis levels were compared for each culture condition at 7, 14 and 21 days following co-culturing. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to evaluate production of collagen 1 and Thrombospondin-4. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following indirect co-culturing, hypoxic differentiated adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressed higher levels of tendon-related genes and proteins than normoxic controls, which suggest that oxygen levels can significantly affect tenogenic differentiation, and hypoxia is advantageous for efficient differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro for tendon tissue engineering. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Amplification of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells using explants culture method Liu Qin, Wang Li-ping, Yu Jing, Chen Fang, Diao Bo, Zhang Yi 2014, 18 (1):  88-93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.015 Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (1841KB) ( 596 )   Save BACKGROUND: The rabbit adipose-derived stem cells are mostly isolated by type I collagenase digestion, but rarely by explants culture method. OBJECTIVE: To isolate rabbit adipose-derived stem cells for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. METHODS: The rabbit adipose-derived stem cells were isolated from rabbit adipose by explants culture method, and cultured in vitro followed by morphological observation. The grow curve and cell surface markers CD29, CD44, CD45 of passage 3 cells were analyzed respectively by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and ?ow cytometry; cells from the third passages were induced for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation by different revulsants, and cells were examined by oil red O staining and alizarin red staining . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rabbit adipose-derived stem cells cultured in vitro exhibited a spindle-shaped appearance and could rapidly expand. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the third passage of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells was positive for CD29, CD44, but negative for CD45. Rabbit adipose-derived stem cells were positive for oil red O staining at 14 days of adipogenic induction, and positive for alizarin red staining at 14 days of osteogenic induction. In conclusion, we could successfully isolate rabbit adipose-derived stem cells using explants culture method. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Location of corneal epithelial stem cells under in vivo and in vitro conditions Xu Zhong-zhong, Yu Xiao-fei, Du Lian-xin, Li Jing, Wang Li-ya 2014, 18 (1):  94-99.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.016 Abstract ( 444 )   PDF (2058KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are two types of epithelial stem cells in the ocular surface tissue: corneal epithelial stem cells and conjunctival epithelial stem cells. The corneal epithelial stem cells play an important role in renewal of corneal epithelial cells and maintenance of corneal transparency. OBJECTIVE: To study the location of corneal epithelial stem cells using laser in vivo confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining. METHODS: Patients with unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency who went to Henan Eye Institute from September 2009 to September 2012 were enrolled in this study. Bilateral eyes were scanned by laser in vivo confocal microscopy, and the healthy eye was imaged as a control. The central cornea and limbus were scanned and images were recorded for statistical analysis. The eye balls were obtained from Henan Eye Bank, China. Central cornea and limbus were dissected and embedded in the OCT compound for frozen section and the proper thickness of the section was 5-7 μm. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of p63, ABCG2, K3 and Connexin 43 in the epithelial layers of central cornea and limbus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-four patients diagnosed with unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency were  recruited. Under confocal microscopy, in the affected eyes, the typical morphology of conjunctival epithelial cells and goblet cells was detected instead of corneal epithelial cells; in the limbus, a great amount of fiber scarring tissue was detected instead of Vogt palisade, rete pegs and pigment cells. Immunofluorescent staining showed the expression of p63, ABCG2 was mainly in the basal layer of limbal epithelium, especially in the outer and middle parts, but the expression of p63 and ABCG2 was not detected in the epithelial cell layers of central cornea. K3 and Connexin43 were not expressed in suprabasal layers of limbal epithelium, but in central cornea, they were expressed highly in the whole epithelial cell layers. Laser in vivo confocal microscopy and immunofluorescent staining showed the corneal epithelial stem cells were located in the basal layer of outer and middle limbal epithelium, mainly in Vogt palisade and rete pegs. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chondrocyte supernatant induces chondrogenesis and pellet cultivation of rat synovial mesenchymal stem cells Shao Bo, Gong Zhong-cheng, Liu Hui, Ling Bin, Ke Re-mu, Yin Xiao-peng, Hu Lu-lu, Wang Bing, Ning Xiao-ting, Lin Zhao-quan 2014, 18 (1):  100-105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.017 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (2120KB) ( 537 )   Save BACKGROUND: Synovial mesenchymal stem cells have the ability of multilineage differentiation in vitro, which are expected to be seed cells for the treatment of cartilage defects in cartilage tissue engineering. Appropriate growth factors are critical for the chondrocyte differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To study the role of secreted factors by chondrocytes to induce chondrogenesis of synovial mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: The synovial mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes were harvested from rat knee joints and cultured through the digestion method. The supernatant was collected from chondrocytes, and centrifuged, filtered and cryopreserved. The third passage synovial mesenchymal stem cells centrifuged as pellets were cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant for 21 days. And the cells morphology was examined and the type II collagen and aggrecan were detected through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The synovial mesenchymal stem cell pellets cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant became cartilage-like tissue after 21 days. The type II collagen was detected positively in the matrix of synovial mesenchymal stem cell pellet immunohistochemically. RT-PCR examination showed that the type II collagen and aggrecan expressed in the synovial mesenchymal stem cellpellet cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant. It suggested that synovial mesenchymal stem cell could be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes depending on soluble factors secreted by chondrocytes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells affects the proliferation and function of CD4+T cells in mice Su Shao-hong, Zhang Jun-feng, Li Qian-ru, Guan Sha-sha, Du Ying 2014, 18 (1):  106-111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.018 Abstract ( 429 )   PDF (1849KB) ( 469 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells are found to have the immunoregulatory activities and a potential application prospect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of transplanting mesenchymal stems cells on the treatment of multiple sclerosis. METHODS: The mouse mesenchymal stems cells were prepared, and injected into the allogenic and syngenic normal mice, to detect the frequency of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes by flow cytometry, and to detect the Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 mRNA in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes by reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells on normal mice led to a significant up-regulation of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cells, Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 mRNA in the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes both in the allogenic and syngenic transplant groups. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells may be an available method in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T cell, Foxp3, transforming growth factor-β1, and interleukin-10 may be involved in this process. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Embryonic stem cells transplantation effects on expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and myelin basic protein Yang Jian-hua, Zhang Fu-yun, Re Ji-pu, Shen Fu-guo, Qiao Jian-min 2014, 18 (1):  112-118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.019 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (2568KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells can promote functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of in vitro cultured embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells in rats with spinal cord injury. METHODS: Totally 144 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Experiment group and control group rats had spinal cord transection injury. Embryonic stem cells-derived cells were injected into the vertebral canal at rostral and caudal segment perilesionally for the experiment group whereas PBS solution was injected instead of cells in the control group. Sham surgery group rats had only laminectomy without any spinal cord injury and treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experimental result showed that at day 21 post-injury, the regional expression of transforming growth factor-β1 was greater in rats from the control group in comparison to the experiment group (P < 0.05). At each time point after spinal cord injury in rats, the expression of myelin basic protein in the spinal cord was significantly higher in the experiment group than the control group (P < 0.05). After cell transplantation, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores of the experiment group at different time points were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Transplantation of in vitro cultured embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells can reduce the late expression of transforming growth factor-β1, and can increase the expression of myelin basic protein which contributes to the recovery of rats with completely transected spinal cord injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mononuclear cells promote mesenchymal stem cell migration after myocardial infarction Zhang Ying, Liao Li-qiang, Zhang Xiao-gang 2014, 18 (1):  119-124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.020 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (798KB) ( 491 )   Save BACKGROUND: The mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells directionally homing to infarcted myocardium post myocardial infarction are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis on mesenchymal stem cell migration promoted by mononuclear cells after myocardial infarction. METHODS: Cardiomyocytes and mesenchymal stem cells were respectively isolated from suckling and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Twelve healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were selected (six rats for myocardial infarction models and six for sham models), then circulating mononuclear cells were isolated. 4,6-Diamino-2-phenyl indole-labeled mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocytes and mononuclear cells were cultured into the upper, middle and lower layers of the tri-chamber coculture system, respectively. In this experiment, there were four groups: myocardial infarction group, AMD3100 (CXCR4 inhibitor) group, sham group and blank control group. After 48 hours, the number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells with blue-lighting nucleus was calculated under fluoroscope. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescent staining was used to detect SDF-1 expression in cardiomyocytes and CXCR4 expression in mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Migrating mesenchymal stem cells with positive expression of CXCR4 were observed in each group other than the blank control group. The number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells  was higher in the myocardial infarction group than in the other groups. Tumor necrosis factor-α neutralizing antibody and CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 could obviously reduce the number of migrating mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.05). Cardiomyocytes in each group expressed SDF-1 positively. The gray values of SDF-1 expression in the myocardial infarction and AMD3100 groups were significantly higher than those in the sham and blank control groups  (P < 0.05). SDF-1/CXCR4 axis plays a certain role in mesenchymal stem cells migration promoted by mononuclear cells after myocardial infarction. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intracoronary transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells in old patients with acute myocardial infarction: 5-year postoperative evaluation of cardiac function Yu Le, Zhang Ming 2014, 18 (1):  125-130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.021 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (675KB) ( 373 )   Save BACKGROUND: Myocardial infarction patients commonly appear to have left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Because of physical characteristics, these two complications are more likely to occur in elderly patients with myocardial infarction. In recent years, stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure has become a hot topic, and the feasibility and safety has been confirmed, but its long-term outcomes in elderly patients are still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the long-term effect of transplantation of autologous peripheral blood stem cells on the left ventricular remodeling and heart function in the old patients with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Thirty old patients (age ≥ 60 years) with myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive intracoronary transplantation of peripheral blood stem cells following bone marrow cells mobilization by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( 300-600 μg per day) subcutaneously for 5 days in addition to conventional therapy (standard drug therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention; transplantation group, n= 15) or standard therapy (standard drug therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention; control group, n=15) . Complications during intervention, left ventricular function and left ventricular remodeling at baseline and 6, 12, 24, 60 months after treatment were monitored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Left ventricular function, left ventricular end diastolic volume, and left ventricular end-systolic volume were significantly improved 6,12, 24, 60 months after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation compared to baseline, while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group. These parameters had statistical difference between the two groups after treatment. During the follow-up, no severe side effects were observed. These findings indicate that autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation leads to significant and longstanding improvements in left ventricular performance of old patients with myocardial infarction, and shows good safety. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advanced liposuction technologies and their potential application in the isolation of adipose-derived stem cells Fu Yin-sheng, Zhang Yi 2014, 18 (1):  131-136.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.022 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (611KB) ( 784 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, cosmetic liposuction has developed rapidly, but the liposuction for the isolation of adipose-derived stem cells has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: By evaluating the quantity and viability of stromal vascular fraction, adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells obtained from different types of liposuctions, to find the advanced liposuction procedures that are most suitable for use in preparation, preservation and clinical application of adipose-derived stem cells. METHODS: Authors retrieved PubMed database, NIH clinical trial databaseand CNKI full text database for relevant articles using the key words of “adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs, liposuction, SAL, UAL, PAL, WAL” in English and Chinese, respectively. After eliminating the objective-independent articles and repeating reviews, 50 papers were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Suction-assisted liposuction (SAL), ultrasound-assisted liposuction (UAL), power-assisted liposuction (PAL) and water-assisted liposuction (WAL) are four major types of fat-harvesting technologies that can possibly be applied for adipose-derived stem cells isolation. Accumulative evidence suggests that these advanced liposuctions can obtain high quality of adipose tissue/cells, which are good enough for autologous fat grafting. Adipose-derived stem cells that are isolated from lipoaspirate by WAL, SAL and UAL, can be used as autologous cell-assisted lipotransfer and regenerative therapy. In summary, although each of these four types of liposuction technologies has its own advantages and is feasible to be used as autologous fat grafting, systematic comparative studies for viability, chromosome stability and differentiation potentials of adipose-derived stem cells isolated using each collecting method are necessary in order to confirm the future perspectives in adipose-derived stem cells isolation, banking and regenerative repair. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Adipose stem cells and biological scaffolds used in alveolar bone repair Cao Na, Pei Lu, Zhang Wei 2014, 18 (1):  137-142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.023 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (652KB) ( 787 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alveolar bone absorption and defect caused by various physiological or pathological factors is a common problem in oral clinical medicine, but the most commonly used methods to repair alveolar bone defects cannot fully meet clinical needs. The emergence of bone tissue engineering for bone defect repair has become a research hotspot.    OBJECTIVE: To review the source and application of adipose stem cells, the types and characteristics of biological scaffolds, the effect of biological scaffold on seed cells and the application of adipose stem cells composite scaffolds in animal experiment research. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed (1995-01/2013-04) was performed to retrieve the related articles about adipose stem cells, biological scaffold and bone repair. The keywords were “adipose stem cells, differentiation, proliferation and osteogenesis, biological scaffold, alveolar bone, bone tissue engineering” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles published recently or in authorized journals were preferred. There were163 articles after the initial survey. Then, 40 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Adipose stem cells have a differentiating potential similar to bone marrow stromal stem cells. Adipose stem cells have been widely drawn by variety of sources, easy collection, easy to cultivate and low aging, good osteogenetic differentiation and low risk. Especially, adipose stem cells and biological scaffolds used in bone repair show better osteogenesis effect. With the development of science, problems related to alveolar bone defect repair can be solved. Adipose stem cells and biological scaffold for construction of tissue-engineered bone will be realized in the true sense of the alveolar bone regeneration, with good prospects for development. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neural stem cell transplantation: its actuality and future used for treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy Yang Tan, Liu Hua, Wang Zhao-guang, Gao Ji-fan, Xiao Dong-jie, Wang Yun-shan 2014, 18 (1):  143-148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.024 Abstract ( 418 )   PDF (659KB) ( 817 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have showed that neural stem cells therapy is a new strategy for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. OBJECTIVE: To review and analyze the status of research, transplantation strategies and mechanism of neural stem cells therapy for treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed in PubMed and CNKI database to search papers published from August 2000 to August 2013 using the key words of “hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, neural stem cells” in English and Chinese. The papers with objective-independent and repetitive contents were excluded, and finally 39 papers were included for final analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neural stem cell transplantation can promote recovery of neurological function, which brings new hope to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy patients. But the study is at a primary stage and limited in laboratory. There are many critical factors that hinder the clinical transplantation, such as delivery path, transplantation time, single or combined transplantation, mechanisms of action. Application of neural stem cells requires further investigation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress and application prospect of induced pluripotent stem cells Liu Fei-fei, Hou Zong-liu 2014, 18 (1):  149-154.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.025 Abstract ( 439 )   PDF (608KB) ( 937 )   Save BACKGROUND: Induced pluripotent stem cells research has become a hot topic nowadays, because it can avoid the immune rejection and ethical issues in stem cell research and have characteristics is similar to the embryonic stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review prospect and progress of induced pluripotent stem cells, and to find out some problems about the induced pluripotent stem cells in inducing method, efficiency, safety and application which need to be solved. METHODS: Kjmed database was searched by the first author using key words of “induced pluripotent stem cells, efficiency, disease model, clinical application” in English to retrieve relevant articles published from January 2003 to June 2013. Literatures addressing induced pluripotent stem cells were included, and the repetitive researches were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 112 documents were retieved, and finally 32 articles were retained after deleting unrelated and repetitive ones. Induced pluripotent stem cells have very high application value and prospects in the somatic cell transplantation, tissue engineering, drug screening and establishment in vitro of disease models. But this technology is still in the stage of research and exploration, and there are many technical problems that need to be solved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chinese medicine induces differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes Wang Yan, Wang Hai-ping, Lv Yang 2014, 18 (1):  155-160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.01.026 Abstract ( 452 )   PDF (783KB) ( 443 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine shares wide application in clinical treatment because of its high security. At present, a lot of studies have been reported, in which, traditional Chinese medicine or monomers are used for in vitro differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells. OBJECTIVE: To summarize and analyze the research progress of Chinese medicine to induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocyte-like cells and to looking prospect for its application. METHODS: CNKI database was searched for the articles about Chinese medicine-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes, published from January 2001 to January 2013. The key words were “Chinese medicine, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, cardiomyocyte” in Chinese and “bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, myocardial cells” in English. Obsolete or repetitive articles were excluded. Finally, 36 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Different Chinese medicine formulations were used as inducers to induce differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes, including Panax notoginseng saponins, salvianolic acid B, Jiawei Danshen Yin, icariin, astragaloside. Then, the induced cells were examined by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR. The results showed that the induced cells were positive for Desmin, cardiac troponin I and major histocompatibility complex. Positive cells were fusiform and fibroblast-like morphology, which indicates a role in promoting proliferation and differentiation. These findings show that Chinese medicine-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into cardiomyocytes has become a worldwide research hotspot, providing a theoretical basis for clinical treatment of ischemic heart diseases. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics