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09 July 2011, Volume 15 Issue 28 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Functional changes in articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro after articular cartilage injury Hao Peng, Pei Fu-xing 2011, 15 (28):  5131-5135.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.001 Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (1386KB) ( 316 )   Save BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage injury can influence articular chondrocyte function and induce post-traumatic osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the functional changes in articular chondrocyte cultured in vitro after articular cartilage injury. METHODS: Rabbit models of articular cartilage injury were established by direct impact of low (0.9 J) and high (6.3 J) energy. Knee joint chondrocytes from normal and articular cartilage injury rabbits were isolated by enzyme digestion to observe the effects of impact on survival capacity of chondrocytes, detect the ability of chondrocytes to synthesize proteoglycan and type Ⅱ collagen, detect intracellular mRNA expression of interleukin-1β and nuclear factor-κB, and measure interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 1 levels in the culture medium. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After high and low energy-induced articular cartilage injury, chondrocytes showed decreased survival rate, primary cells had lower ability of adherence and growth, the intensity of toluidine blue staining and type-Ⅱ collagen immunohistochemical staining were weakened, intracellular mRNA expression of interleukin-1β and nuclear factor-κB was increased, and interleukin-1β and matrix metalloproteinase 1 levels in the culture medium were increased, and these symptoms were more obvious after high energy-induced articular cartilage injury (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that after articular cartilage injury, chondrocyte function is influenced, and the injury degree is related to traumatic intensity and the expression level of inflammatory factors. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture of mouse nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc by multiple enzymatic digestions Zhang Xing-kai, Cao Peng, Wang Jun, Liang Yu, Wu Wen-jian 2011, 15 (28):  5136-5140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.002 Abstract ( 167 )   PDF (1522KB) ( 547 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro culture of nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc is an important method to study degeneration of intervertebral disc. However, it is difficult to culture nucleus pulposus cells in vitro because the intervertebral disc is an avascular organ and nucleus pulposus cells poorly differentiate and proliferate. OBJECTIVE: To establish the method for in vitro culture of nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc, and provide a reliable tool for research of phenotype changes of nucleus pulposus cells in degenerative disc and disc cell transplantation for treatment of degenerative disc diseases. METHODS: Mouse nucleus pulposus tissue was collected and repeatedly digested using collagenase. Cells were cultured and subcultured. The secretion of collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan of passage 2 cells were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, The results were compared with other types of cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc exhibit a chondrocyte-like shape after adhesion. Immunohistochemistry study showed that the cells were positive for collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan staining. RT-PCR study showed that secretions of collagen Ⅱ and aggrecan in cultured cells were equal to those of chondrocyes and had significant difference from those of osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Multiple enzymatic digestions of nucleus pulposus can release a large amount of pure nucleus pulposus cells which had stable phenotype and can settle basis for research and treatment of intervertebal disc diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological properties of human degenerated nucleus pulposus cells cultured in vitro Li Feng-sheng, Liang Wei-guo, Ye Dong-ping, Dai Li-bing, Chen Hong-hui 2011, 15 (28):  5141-5144.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.003 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (1259KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Degeneration of intervertebral disc hardly self-repairs. Studying the biological properties of the degenerated nucleus pulposus cells can provide theoretical basis for studying the mechanism underlying intervertebral disc degeneration, construction of intervertebral disc by tissue engineering, and gene therapy. OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological properties of human degenerated nucleus pulposus cells cultured in vitro. METHODS: Human degenerated nucleus pulposus cells were isolated and cultured. Cell morphology and ultrastructure were observed by microscopy and electron microscopy. TypeⅡcollagen and glycosaminoglycan mRNA expression in the nucleus pulposus cells was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique. TypeⅡcollagen content in the supernatant was detected by ELISA method. Glycosaminoglycan content in the supernatant was determined by DMMB method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The structure of degenerated nucleus pulposus cells of passages 1, 2 cultured in vitro was similar to that of primary cells. Cells of passage 3 or high exhibited degenerative and apoptotic changes. Type Ⅱcollagen and glycosaminoglycan mRNA expression in the nucleus pulposus cells and typeⅡcollagen and glycosaminoglycan content in the supernatant, exhibiting a tendency of dedifferentiation, were obviously lower in the degenerated nucleus pulposus cells than in the normal nucleus pulposus cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Minimal effective dose of glucosamine hydrochloride on experimental arthritis in rats Wang Da-li, Geng Cheng-yan, Jiang Li-ping, Gong De-zheng, Zhong Lai-fu 2011, 15 (28):  5145-5148.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.004 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (1145KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) may lessen the symptoms of osteoarthritis and protect articular cartilage, however, its optimal dose remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To observe the minimal effective dose of GAH on the kaolin and carrageenan-induced arthritis in rat models. METHODS: Rats in experimental groups received distilled water (model control) or GAH at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg for  1 hour, respectively, twice daily for 5 consecutive days. The arthritis was induced by kaolin and carrageenan 1 hour after administration of GAH. The volume (mL) of hind paws for rats in each group was estimated 1, 3, 5 days after induction of arthritis. The degree of right hind paw swelling was calculated. The maximal diameter of tibio-tarsal articulation was measured with a vernier caliper. The concentration of Evans blue was also determined. The histopathlolgical severity of right hind paw in arthritis modes was evaluated and scored. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The degree of hind paw swelling of right hind paw and diameter of tibio-tarsal articulation showed a statistically significant reduction in rats given GAH 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg compared with rats in model control at 1, 3, 5 days (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), exerting a dose-dependent manner. The content of Evans blue and histopathological scores significantly decreased in rats given GAH 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg for 5 days compared with model control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). GAH is effective in preventing destruction of cartilage bone and inflammation of soft tissue around articulation in the rat model of kaolin and carrageenan-induced arthritis, and the minimal effective dose is 0.8 g/kg. Related Articles | Metrics

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Histomorphological changes of cartilage endplate of degenerated intervertebral discs treated by transforming growth factor beta 1 Yang Xue-jun, Ma Xiao, Huo Hong-jun, Fang Fang 2011, 15 (28):  5149-5152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.005 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (1293KB) ( 310 )   Save BACKGROUND: The intervertebral destabilization can distinctly lead to the degeneration of the cartilage endplate. Suitable concentration of transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1) can stimulate proliferation, division and differentiation of articular chondrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histomorphological change of cartilage endplate of degenerated intervertebral discs treated by TGF-β1. METHODS: Forty-six white Japanese rabbits, weighing 2.5±0.2 kg, were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=18), preventive group (n=18) and treatment group (n=10). L5-6, L6-7 intervertebral destabilization was created in all rabbits. The preventive group rabbits were injected TGF-β1 into the L5-6 and L6-7 intervertebral disc on the injection side immediately after model establishment. The treatment group rabbits received the same injection at 3 months after model establishment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 and 6 months after model establishment, compared with the control group, chondrocytes were more evenly distributed in the cartilage endplate with clear tidal line and Mankin score was decreased in the preventive group (P < 0.05). At 6 months after model establishment, compared with control group, cartilage endplate surface was smooth, cells were orderly arranged, tidal line was clear, hematoxylin-eosin staining was more even, and Mankin score was reduced in the treatment group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that TGF-β1 can prevent and treat degeneration of the cartilage endplate due to the intercertebral destabilization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Secretion of type Ⅱ collagen and hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes transfected by adenovirus-bone morphogenetic protein 7 Zhang Jie, Liu Wei, Zhu Xin-hui, Zhou Yi 2011, 15 (28):  5153-5156.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.006 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (1138KB) ( 390 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chondrocytes are limited in tissue engineering due to their poor self-dividing capacity and defifferentiation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) in chondrocytes transfected by adenovirus BMP-7 and the effects of transfection on chondrocyte secretion of typeⅡcollagen and hyaluronic acid. METHODS: Adenoviral vector containing BMP-7 was prepared and then transfected into rabbit passage chondrocytes. BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in chondrocytes were detected. Changes in type Ⅱ collagen and hyaluronic acid in chondrocytes were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 48 and 72 hours after transfection, RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that BMP-7 mRNA and protein expressions in the chondrocytes were increased; RT-PCR and ELISA showed the type Ⅱ collagen and hyaluronic acid in the chondrocytes were also obviously increased. These findings suggest that BMP-7 can be successfully transfected into chondrocytes by adenovirus and promote the secretion of type Ⅱcollagen and hyaluronic acid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estrogen receptor beta inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in mice Lu Shi-jin, Zhang Hong-qi, Gao Qi-le, Guo Chao-feng, Tang Ming-xing 2011, 15 (28):  5157-5160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.007 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: Estrogen receptors (ERs) are expressed in cell components related to bone formation and resorption. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulatory effects of Erβ on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. METHODS: The mouse osteoblastic cell lines MC3T3-E1 were divided into 3 groups: experimental group (transfected ERβRNAi vector), negative control (transfected ERL RNAi vector), and blank control (no transfection). Three groups of cells were cultured under the same conditions. In each group, cell growth curve was drawn using MTT; and the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell proliferation in the experimental group was more significantly enhanced than in the negative control group or blank control group. The percentage of cells at G1-phase in the experimental group was significantly less than the other groups, while the percentage of cells at S-phase and G2-phase was significantly higher than the other groups (P < 0.05). According to test results of the ERβ silence, we can infer that the ERβ may inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Xianlinggubao promotes vascular formation in osteoporotic fracture callus Tian Fa-ming, Zhang Liu, Luo Yang, Song Ya-qi, Jiao Ao, Cheng Tan 2011, 15 (28):  5161-5164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.008 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 693 )   Save BACKGROUND: Controversy still exists in impact of osteoporosis on early process of fracture healing, and the effect and related mechanism underlying Xianlinggubao (XLGB) on osteoporotic fracture healing need further study. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the influence of osteoporosis on the healing of femoral shaft fracture and to investigate the effects of XLGB on osteoporotic fracture healing. METHODS: Fifty female 12-week old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 10 animals in each group: sham-surgery, fracture, ovariectomy (OVX), OVX + fracture and XLGB. OVX was performed in bilateral sides of rats. Transverse fracture model of femoral shaft was established at 4 weeks after OVX. Rats in XLGB treatment group were treated with 250 mg/kg XLGB daily for 3 weeks following the establishment of OVX and fracture. Rats in the OVX + fracture, fracture and XLGB treatment groups were harvested the femoral fracture samples for bone mineral density test by X-ray radiography. The pathological changes of callus tissues were detected with hematoxylin-eosin staining and blood vessels were counted. Immunohistochemical staining was applied to determine the expression of bone morphogenetic protein 2 in callus tissues. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone mineral density test and computed X-ray radiography score showed a significantly reduction in the rats following OVX (P < 0.05). XLGB treatment could enhance the bone mineral density and X-ray radiography score in the OVX and fracture rats, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). XLGB treatment also increased the quantity of callus tissues compared with OVX + fracture and fracture groups (P < 0.05). No significant difference was observed of bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression among three groups. The ovariectomized rats show a delayed fracture healing process and XLGB could promote the early vascular formation of osteoporotic fracture healing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of osteoprotegerin and osteoprotegerin ligand in the focus of spinal tuberculosis He Yu-ze, Wang Zi-li, Ma Teng, Xin Bing, Guo Kai-jin 2011, 15 (28):  5165-5168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.009 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (1451KB) ( 297 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathological process of bone tissue hardening in spinal tuberculosis is complex, and the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and OPG ligand (OPGL) in different sections of spinal tubercular infectious focus. METHODS: The bones resected from patients with spinal tubereculosis were divided into three groups based on their regions: ossified bone, sub-normal bone and normal bone. The average absorbance and positive area percentage of OPG and OPGL in each group samples were detected by PV-6000 two-step immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average absorbance and positive area percentage of OPG, as well as OPG and OPGL expression in the ossified bone group were significantly greater than in the normal bone group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These findings suggest that changes in OPG and OPGL expression are related to the formation of ossified bone surrounding the focus of spinal tuberculosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of insulin-like growth factor 1 on expression of Wnt signaling pathway-related factors in mouse osteoblasts Guo Ling, Zheng Li-ge, Wang Min, Hao Liang 2011, 15 (28):  5169-5172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.010 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (668KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) plays a crucial role in cell occurrence and development by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and inhibition of apoptosis. But the underlying mechanism is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of IGF-1 on the proliferation and differentiation of the cultured mouse osteoblasts and the mRNA expression levels of some related factors of Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS: The medium containing 25 μg/L IGF-1 was added to the mouse osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Cell proliferation was determined using CCK-8 method on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 of culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on days 3, 6 and 9 days of culture. On day 3 of culture, total RNA was extracted, and the mRNA expression levels of Wnt-3a, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin were detected by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 25 μg/L IGF-1 can promote the proliferation of mouse osteoblasts, increase the activity of alkaline phosphatase, and significantly increase the mRNA expression levels of Wnt-3a, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 and β-catenin (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that IGF-1 can promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and Wnt signaling pathway is involved in this process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Function and site-effect of different load treadmill exercises on bones of female rats Zhang Chong-lin, Zheng Lu 2011, 15 (28):  5173-5176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.011 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (556KB) ( 311 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bone modeling and bone remodeling will have an adapted change when the situation of mechanics changed in vivo bone. But it is not very certain what the adapted change is when different training load exerted to the bone. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence and site-effect of different load treadmill exercises on female rat’s various bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into training group and control group. Training group received treadmill training for 17 weeks. The BMD of whole bodies, skulls, forelimbs, ribs, spines, pelvises, and hind limbs were tested at 4, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 weeks after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Exercise has great effects on BMD of whole bodies, skulls, forelimbs, spines, and pelvises, but does not affect the BMD of ribs. These suggest that treadmill training has different effects on bones at different parts of rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of pyrazinamide content in bone tissue by high performance liquid chromatogray Shi Hua, Ge Zhao-hui, Liu Bin, Wang Zi-li 2011, 15 (28):  5177-5180.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.012 Abstract ( 101 )   PDF (718KB) ( 284 )   Save BACKGROUND: Pyrazinamide is a primary drug for intensive chemotherapy and its tissue distribution is greatly significant for therapy of spinal tuberculosis. OBJECTIVE: To establish a high performance liquid chromatogray method to determine pyrazinamide content in bone tissue of patients with spinal tuberculosis. METHODS: The vertebrae obtained from 10 patients with spinal fracture who underwent anterior cervical corpectomy were prepared into blank bone homogenate and pyrazinamide content in bone tissue was determined by high performance liquid chromatogray. Bone tissue samples including sclerotic bone, subnormal bone, necrotic tissue and ilium were harvested from 18 patients with spinal tuberculosis who received 2HRZ/H2R2Z2 chemotherapy. Supernatant of pyrazinamide bone homogenate was prepared by perchloric acid precipitation. The specificity, recovery rate, precision, and linear range of the high performance liquid chromatogray method were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pyrazinamide was greatly absorbed at a wavelength of 265 nm and retained for 7.48 minutes, without presence of interference peak. Within the range of 0.048-3.120 μg/g bone homogenate, there was a good linear relationship between pyrazinamide peak area and bone homogenate concentration (r = 0.999 91), absolute recovery rate was 89.18%-93.75%, method recovery rate was 96.30%-100.45%, inter-day and intra-day relative standard deviation was 4.26%-8.78% and 5.12%-9.01%, respectively. The pyrazinamide content in the sclerotic wall of the vertebrae was approximate to the minimal inhibitory content and its content may reach the effective therapeutic content in the subnormal bone outside the sclerotic bone and self-contrast ilium. But pyrazinamide was hardly detectable in the sclerotic foci in the compromised vertebrae. The established method is accurate, precise, and reproducible, and it is effective for detection of pyrazinamide content in bone tissue. The pyrazinamide content varys greatly in different tissues of spinal tuberculosis, and the sclerotic wall is a tissue barrier to prevent pyrazinamide penetration into tuberculosis focus from normal vertebrae. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of interleukin-1 β and nuclear factor kappa B in rat models of acute spinal cord injury Zong Shao-hui, Wei Bo, Zeng Gao-feng, Zhao Yu-xi, Xiong Chun-xiang 2011, 15 (28):  5181-5184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.013 Abstract ( 80 )   PDF (680KB) ( 345 )   Save BACKGROUND: During the process of secondary spinal cord injury, interleukin-1β participates in stimulation of other cytokines and synthesis of injury medium. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on the expression of interleukin-1β and nuclear factor-κB in rat models of acute spinal cord injury. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat models of acute spinal cord injury were established by modified Allen method. After modeling, the injured spinal cord tissue was spread gelatin sponge containing interleukin-1 receptor antagonist or normal saline. At 1, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively, the injured spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for detection of interleukin-1β and nuclear factor κB by immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLSUION: After interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment, interleukin-1β and nuclear factor κB expression was greatly decreased. These findings suggest that interleukin-1 receptor antagonist can alleviate local inflammatory reaction by inhibiting interleukin-1β and nuclear factor κB expression, exerting protective effects on injured spinal cord segment in rat models of acute spinal cord injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of protein kinase C and heat shock protein 70 in the heart of rat models of long-term exercise preconditioning Sun Xiao-juan, Hou Na 2011, 15 (28):  5185-5188.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.014 Abstract ( 60 )   PDF (1353KB) ( 319 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C (PKC) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) take part in the cardioprotection of exercise preconditioning (EP), but the relationship and the underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term EP on PKC and HSP70 expression in the rat heart and the possible mechanism of cardioprotection. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control, exhausted exercise and EP groups. Rats in the control and exhausted exercise groups were fed normally for 3 weeks. The EP group rats underwent 3 weeks of intermittent swimming exercise in order to establish long-term EP animal model. After 3 weeks, the exhausted exercise group and exercise preconditioning group underwent exhausted exercise. PKC and HSP70 expression in rat heart was determined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After exhausted exercise, cardiac HSP70 expression was greater in the exhausted exercise group than in the control group (P < 0.05). After 3 weeks of EP and subsequent exhausted exercise, cardiac PKC and HSP70 expression was greater in the EP group than in the exhausted exercise group (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that long-term EP could activate cardiac PKC expression and induce HSP70 synthesis, which could play a big role in cardioprotection of long-term EP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rat models of reperfusion and ischemia separation using a balloon catheter Zhuang Jian, Gao Ru-feng, He Xiao-jian, Pan Fu-gen, Jiang Xiao-xing 2011, 15 (28):  5189-5192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.015 Abstract ( 91 )   PDF (1098KB) ( 349 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal models of reperfusion and ischemia separation can be established by insertion of a balloon catheter into the spinal cord to minic human acute spinal injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different ischemic time windows on spinal injury using immunohistochemical and biochemical methods. METHODS: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham surgery, ischemia 10, 30, 45, 60 and 90 minutes. All rats were subjected to ischemia at the corresponding ischemia time and reperfused for 48 hours. Then, rat spinal cords were examined by immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 48 hours of reperfusion, with the elongation of ischemia time, spinal cord anterior horn neuron necrosis and apoptosis was gradually aggravated, malondialdehyde level was gradually increased, superoxide dismutase activity was gradually decreased, and rat neuroethological symptoms were aggravated. These findings suggest that the rat models of ischemia-reperfusion injury were successfully established using a balloon catheter, and the injury of the spinal cords was deteriorated increasingly with the elongation of ischemia time. Related Articles | Metrics

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An effective rat model of severe acute pancreatitis Hao Jian-zhi, Fang Chi-hua, Fan Ying-fang, Huang Yan-peng, Hu Hai-bei 2011, 15 (28):  5193-5196.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.016 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (1452KB) ( 509 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is no animal model of severe acute pancreatitis that has the pathogenesis as same as human. Moreover, there are even fewer models used in experimental treatment studies. OBJECTIVE: To construct an effective rat model of severe acute pancreatitis for the therapeutic study on severe acute pancreatitis rats. METHODS: Thirty rats were randomly divided into control and model groups. The severe acute pancreatitis model was constructed by retrograde pancreatic duct infusion of Na-taurocholate. The expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)  in the serum as well as amylase in the ascites and blood and white cell number in the blood were detected, and the pathological changes of pancreatic tissues were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The survival rate was 80% in the model group, and 100% in the control group. With increasing time, pathological score, IL-6 and TNF-α expression in the serum, white cell number and amylase in the ascites and blood were increased gradually (P < 0.05). It was indicated that the severe acute pancreatitis model was constructed successfully in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of hydrogen peroxide-induced cataract model in vitro and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells Liu Zhen-zhen, Li Ping-hua, Tao Shu-xin, Yang Yang 2011, 15 (28):  5197-5200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.017 Abstract ( 127 )   PDF (1185KB) ( 478 )   Save BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress can induce apoptosis in lens epithelial cells (LECs). OBJECTIVE: To observe the connection of Fas with apoptosis of LECs in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cataract and the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the expression of Fas and apoptosis of LECs. METHODS: Lenses isolated from healthy adult rabbits were randomly divided into the blank control group (treated with DMEM), the H2O2 group (treated by DMEM + H2O2), and the EGCG group (treated by DMEM+H2O2 + EGCG). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The apoptosis rate for LECs and the expression of Fas protein in H2O2 group were apparently higher than that in the blank control group (P < 0.05). Comparing with H2O2 group, apoptosis rate for LECs and the expression of Fas protein were significantly lower in EGCG group (P < 0.05). Results indicate that up-regulating the expression of Fas protein could be one of the mechanism through that H2O2 induced apoptosis of LECs. EGCG could down-regulate expression of Fas protein and reduce apoptosis of LECs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Infiltration of mast cells in renal interstitium in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure Xing Hong-mei, Yu Cai-yun, Liu Xue-mei, Liu Hong-yan 2011, 15 (28):  5201-5204.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.018 Abstract ( 121 )   PDF (1609KB) ( 315 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that infiltration of mast cells (MCs) is closely correlated with the degree of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in various renal diseases. Whether MCs are involved in renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distributing characteristics of MCs and the relationship between number of MCs in the interstitium and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. METHODS: Forty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and model group. The model group rats were intragastrically administered adenine at a dose of 150 mg/kg per day, and the control group rats were intragastrically administered the same amount of physiological saline. Blood and urine were collected for measuring creatinine and protein. Kidney sample sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) was assessed by light microscope. The intensity and distribution of MCs were examined by toluidine blue and immunohistochemistry using tryptase antibody. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Proteinuria and renal function of model rats deteriorated gradually with the elongation of intragastric administration time, and the score of RIF increased gradually. MCs were detected in the interstitium, periglomerular and perivascular areas in the model kidneys, in close proximity to areas of interstitial fibrosis, but were not found in the glomeruli. With aggravation of interstitial lesions degree, the number of MCs increased. There were significant differences in number of MCs, RIF score, urinary protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen between the model rats and control rats at different time points (P < 0.01). MCs were positively correlated with interstitial fibrosis (r = 0.96, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that increased infiltration of MCs is involved in renal interstitial fibrosis in a rat model of adenine-induced chronic renal failure, which provides an ideal animal model for the further research of MCs in renal tissue. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tumor formation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor tissue in different parts of nude mice aged different weeks Zhou Bin, Hua Ya-wei, Sheng Shu-juan, Zhang Zhan-dong, Wan Bai-shun, Wang Zheng-wei 2011, 15 (28):  5205-5209.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.019 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (1813KB) ( 728 )   Save BACKGROUND: Animal model of nude mouse of human gastrointestinal stromal tumor was established, which can provide a necessary tool for the study of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells under living body. OBJECTIVE: To observe tumor formation of the armpits and buttocks in different week-old nude mice after incubation of gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell tissue. METHODS: The gastrointestinal stromal tumor tissue blocks were inoculated at 4-week-old nude mice under the armpits, 8-week-old nude mice under the armpits, 4-week-old nude mouse buttocks, 8-week-old nude mouse buttocks area to observe tumor formation rate, growth rate, ulceration rate and metastasis rate in a certain time, the different ages in different parts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tumor formation rate and growth speed were significantly higher in the 4-week-old nude mice than in 8-week-old nude mice (P < 0.05). The tumor formation rate was greater in the armpits than in the buttocks. No significant difference in ulceration rate was determined between 4-week-old nude mice and 8-week-old nude mice (P > 0.05), but the ulceration rate was greater in the buttocks than in the armpits (P < 0.05). The metastasis rate was higher in 8-week-old nude mice than in 4-week-old nude mice (P < 0.05), and the metastasis rate was greater in the buttocks than in the armpits in the same-age nude mice. These indicate that regardless of how the vaccination site, in the smaller-week-old nude mice, the tumor formation rate was higher and tumor growth was faster; but for the same week-old nude mice, regardless of how the vaccination site, no significant differences in tumor growth rate were detected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rabbit models of lower limb deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture Zhang Ying, Jia Bing-shen, Zhou Jian-qiang, Tan Hai-tao, Wang Sheng, Fu Kun, Meng Zhi-bin 2011, 15 (28):  5210-5212.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.020 Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (841KB) ( 318 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, many methods for inducing lower limb venous thrombosis lack of unified standards. OBJECTIVE: To establish rabbit models of lower limb venous thrombosis after hip facture METHODS: Hip fracture was induced in rabbits by impacting the root of left leg by a dropping object from a height of 28 cm. The right leg was not impacted and served as the control side. After 4 weeks, the iliac and femoral veins of the lower limbs were selected for color Doppler ultrasonography and blood coagulation examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Color Doppler ultrasonography showed that there was a thrombosis area with a length of (124±37) mm in the lower limb deep veins. No lower limb deep venous thrombosis was found in the control side. Thrombosis rate was 81.8% and death rate was 9.1%. These findings suggest that rabbit models of lower limb deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture could be successfully established, and the method is simple and feasible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha in lung tissues of a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by intratracheal instillation with bleomycin He Ping-ping, Zhang Ping, Wang Zai-yan, Li Wan-shuang, Xiao Xin-zhou 2011, 15 (28):  5213-5216.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.021 Abstract ( 107 )   PDF (1299KB) ( 394 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hypoxia inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) is a nuclear transcription factor to mediate hypoxia reaction. However, the effects of HIF-1α on lung fibrosis remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of HIF-1α in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis． METHODS: Rat pulmonary fibrosis was induced by an intratracheal injection of bleomycin (5 mg/kg). The pathogenetic procedure of pulmonary fibrosis and dynamic expression of HIF-1α in lung tissues were observed through some methods including hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome of lung section, immunohistochemical staining of HIF-1α protein in the lung, RT-PCR of HIF-1α mRNA in the lung on the 7th,14th, and 28th days． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the pathogenetic procedure of pulmonary fibrosis in rats, compared with the normal group, the protein and mRNA expression of HIF-1α in the model group increased on the 7th day (10.33±0.31, 21.10±1.6, P < 0.05) and the 14th day (17.65±1.82, 64.93±4.88, P < 0.05), but decreased on the 28th day (13.48±1.45, 47.85±3.40, P < 0.05). HIF-1α protein and mRNA was dynamically expressed in the lung tissue of rats with experimental pulmonary fibrosis, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Replication-defective adenovirus vector-mediated human vascular endothelial cell growth factor cDNA promotes survival of lobulated venous flap Xie Hong-ju, Deng Ying, Li Ming, Lin Biao-bin, Chen Nian 2011, 15 (28):  5217-5220.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.022 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (672KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Lobulated venous flap has some unique advantages to repair the soft tissue defects in many fingers. However, the poor viability of venous flaps limits their clinical applications. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of replication-defective adenovirus vector-mediated human vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) gene on survival of lobulated venous flap. METHODS: 24 rabbits were randomly divided into three groups. Lateral abdominal wall skin flap was created in rabbits. At 5 days before operation, Ad-VEGF165 (Ad-VEGF165 group), Ad-Gal (Ad-Gal group) and normal saline (NS group) were subcutaneously injected in the skin flap. The survival rate of the flap and the number of the new blood vessels were determined on the 7th day after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The flap survival rate was (76.281±2.298)%, (50.408±1.577)% and (48.748±2.130)% in the Ad-VEGF165, Ad-Gal and NS groups, respectively. The number of the new blood vessels was (37.76±2.21) cm2, (22.68±2.15) cm2, and (23.31±3.38)/cm2 in the above-mentioned three groups, respectively. Immunohistochemical staining showed that lots of VEGF was expressed in the Ad-VEGF165 group. Blood vessel hyperplasia was obvious in the Ad-VEGF165 group. The replication-defective adenovirus vector-mediated VEGF gene can increase the neovascularization in lobulated venous flap and augments their survival rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor in the epididymal sperm of adolescent male rats Ai Qing-yan, Zhao Yu-feng, Wang Yan-mei, Miao Nai-zhou, Ma Li, Yang Jia-zhou 2011, 15 (28):  5221-5224.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.023 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (453KB) ( 298 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (Flt-1) have a very important position in the field of male reproduction. However, it is still unclear about their expression meaning and regulatory mechanism in the reproductive system. OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and location of VEGF and Flt-1 in the epididymal sperm of adolescent male rats. METHODS: The expression of VEGF and Flt-1 was detected in 10 adolescent SD rats. The concentration of the sperm was (30-40)×109/L. Immunofluorescent staining was used for VEGF and Flt-1 expression and location in the sperm. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunofluorescent staining showed that VEGF and Flt-1 were both localized in the acrosome of sperm head, as well as in the neck, middle and principal segment of sperm tail. Specific expression patterns of VEGF and Flt-1 in the sperm of rats display that they may participate in spermiotelcosis, relevant to movement, capacitation and acrosome reaction of the sperm. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of hepatocyte growth factors on H2O2-induced hepatocyte apoptosis Shen Guang-Hai, Gao Shuang, Shen Zhao-liang, Tian Li-min, Tang Bo 2011, 15 (28):  5225-5228.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.024 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (657KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factors exhibit protective effects on many cells.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of hepatocyte growth factors on H2O2-induced hepatocyte apoptosis of liver cells as well we the possible mechanism. METHODS: LO2 liver cell lines were randomly divided into three groups: normal control group: LO2 cells were conventionally cultured; model group: LO2 cells were treated with 100 mmol/L H2O2 for 4 hours; hepatocyte growth factor group: LO2 cells were pretreated with 50 mg/L hepatocyte growth factors for 24 hours and then further cultured with 100 mmol/L H2O2 for 4 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4-hour treatment with 100 mmol/L H2O2, in vitro cultured LO2 cells showed obvious apoptosis, presenting with decreased cell survival rate (P < 0.01), increased caspase-3 protein expression (P < 0.01), and decreased Bcl-2 protein expression (P < 0.01). After 24-hour pretreatment with hepatocyte growth factors and subsequent 4-hour culture with 100 mmol/L H2O2, LO2 cell apoptosis was significantly inhibited (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that hepatocyte growth factors can inhibit H2O2-induced LO2 cell apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 expression in LO2 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of modified acidic fibroblast growth factor on the ATPase activities in blood, brain and liver tissue of chronic aging model rats Huang Jun-jie1, Wang Cai-bing1, Huang Li-juan1, Zhao Shan-min, He Xian-jiao, Huang Yan-feng, Liang Zuo-ren, Li Qian-ming, Huang Ju-en 2011, 15 (28):  5229-5232.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.025 Abstract ( 81 )   PDF (801KB) ( 282 )   Save BACKGROUND: Modified acidic fibroblast growth factor (maFGF) is a multifunctional grows factor, but its anti-aging actions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of maFGF on the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in brain tissue, liver tissue and red blood cells of D-galactose-induced aging model rats. METHODS: The aging model in Wistar rats was established by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. The successful models were randomly divided into model group, normal saline group and maFGF treatment group. Rats in the latter two groups received a 12-µg/kg intramuscular injection of normal saline and maFGF, respectively. Model group received no treatment. In addition, normal control group was set. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in brain tissue, liver tissue and red blood cells were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P < 0.01). After maFGF intervention, the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase were significantly higher than those in the normal saline and model groups (P < 0.05). The maFGF can increase the activities of Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase in brain tissue, liver tissue and red blood cells and delay the ageing in D-galactose-induced aging model rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on effects of Danhuangsan on wound surface repair of diabetic feet by gene expression profiling Wang An-yu, Xu Han-song, Zhao Sheng, Yang Chuan-jing, Mao Qi, Qiao Yi-jie, Wei Liang-Gang 2011, 15 (28):  5233-5236.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.026 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (561KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Danhuangsan can stimulate the hyperplasia of granulation tissue, reduce the secretion of ulcerative wound surface, and promote the repair of ulcer wound surface. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects of Danhuangsan on treatment of diabetic feet from the level of genome. METHODS: Nine patients with diabetic feet who received treatment at the Department of Metabolism and Endocrinonolgy, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine from October 2007 to September 2008 were included in this study and were randomly divided into a conventional therapy group and a Danhuangsan therapy group. Traumatic patients who received treatment concurrently were selected as the controls. Foot tissue samples were taken from three groups. Gene expression profile was detected with Oligo GEArray® gene chip and the gene expression profile difference was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, there were 28 genes with upregulated expression and 6 genes with downregulated expression in the conventional therapy group. Compared with the conventional therapy group, there were 30 genes with upregulated expression and 4 genes with downregulated expression in the Danhuangsan therapy group. These findings suggest that there are many differentially expressed genes at the ulcerative tissue region of the diabetic feet, and Danhuangsan can regulate the differential expression of some genes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rat models of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline Wang Jun-dong, Yang Da-kuan, Li Zhi-gang, Li Shu-de 2011, 15 (28):  5237-5240.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.027 Abstract ( 155 )   PDF (719KB) ( 1538 )   Save BACKGROUND: The fibrin glue or OB glue can be used in the repair of peripheral nerve damage, but their colloidal structure and underlying mechanism are entirely different. OBJECTIVE: To contrastively analyze the effect of fibrin glue or OB glue combined with chitosan-collagen conduit for repairing rabbit facial nerve damage. METHODS: Chinese rabbits were used to establish the injury model in right facial nerve of rabbits, which were divided into three groups randomly: microsurgery anastomosis group: the nerve stump contraposition and adventitia in situ anastomosis were performed; fibrin glue group and OB glue group were respectively treated with fibrin glue and OB glue based on microsurgery anastomosis. General observation, electrophysiological study, histological study and image analysis were performed at 16 weeks postoperatively. All results were used to evaluate the nerve regeneration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The chitosan-collagen conduit was obviously degraded at 16 weeks postoperatively and they also restrained the formation of fibrous connective tissue around anastomotic stoma. The functional recovery of nerve muscles was good in three groups, the motor nerve action potential and the compound muscle action potential of orbicularis oris were analyzed, which showed no significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The recovery rate of regenerated axons of three groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05), but the axonal regeneration rate in the fibrin glue group and OB glue group was higher than in microsurgery anastomosis group (P < 0.05 or 0.01), reached a peak at OB glue group. Chitosan-collagen conduit have excellent biocompatibility, and combined with fibrin glue or OB glue certainly result in repairing injured nerves, but the fibrin glue is more suitable for operative nerve injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of the insulin resistance model with HepG2 cells and screening of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine Liu Zhi-xia, Han Shu-ying, Li Ji-an 2011, 15 (28):  5241-5244.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.028 Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (605KB) ( 759 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, there are many studies on the hypoglycemic effect and its mechanism of Chinese medicinal compounds or single herbs in vivo, but the effect of the traditional Chinese medicinal monomers on insulin resistance cells in vitro has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To establish human hepatoma carcinoma cell (HepG2 cell) model of insulin resistance in vitro and to initially select the effective ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine for improving insulin resistance. METHODS: HepG2 cells were induced by insulin of different concentrations for different time. Through the estimation of the cell activity with MTT method and glucose consumption with glucose oxidase method, the concentrations and induce time of insulin that can induce the stable insulin resistance cell model were ascertained. After model establishment, the model cells were treated with oleanolic acid, jatrorrhizine, ferulic acid, rhein, loganin, puerarin and daidzin of different concentrations for 24 hours, and the influences on the model cells regarding glucose consumption were observed through the glucose oxidase method and the cytoactive were evaluated by the MTT method . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the group of 10-6 mol/L at the time of 24 hours, the glucose consumption was decreased obviously compared with the normal group (P < 0.01), showing that stable insulin resistance models were induced successfully. The insulin resistance in the group of 10-5 mol/L was more evident compared with that in the normal group (P < 0.01), but the cell survival rate was decreased gradually with time and the number of dead cells were increased gradually (P < 0.05). The oleanolic acid, jatrorrhizine, ferulic acid, rhein, loganin, puerarin and daidzin can improve the insulin resistance of cells. 2×10-1 g/L of jatrorrhizine, rhein, puerarin and oleanolic acid, as well as 2×10-5 g/L of loganin and ferulic acid have better effects on improving the insulin resistance (P < 0.01). Related Articles | Metrics

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Pulse electric fields effect on invasion and metastasis of Hela cells in human cervical cancer Zhang Qin, Xiong Zheng-ai, Zhou Wei, Li Cheng-xiang, Yao Chen-guo 2011, 15 (28):  5245-5248.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.029 Abstract ( 76 )   PDF (692KB) ( 463 )   Save BACKGROUND: The inhibitory effect of pulse electric fields on invesion and metastasis ability of tumor cells is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the impact of different intensity pulse electric fields on the human cervical carcinoma Hela cell invasion and metastasis and its possible mechanism. METHODS: The electric fields with intensity of 0, 500, 1 000 and 1 500 V/cm were performed on the human cervical carcinoma Hela cell. The clone capacity was measured with flat clone formation experiment; the invasion and immigration capacity was evaluated with transwell cave method;the expression level of mRNA of MMP-2 and RhoC was detected by RT-PCR method． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After being treated with pulsed electric fields, the clone capacity of Hela cells was inhibited. The invasion and immigration capacity of Hela cells were also inhibited. The expression level of mRNA of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and RhoC were decreased. The pulse electric fields could affect the invasion and metastasis capacity of the human cervical cancer Hela cells. It is probably one of its molecular mechanisms to inhibit the expression of MMP-2 and RhoC. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of grosvenor momordica fruit on bone marrow cell micronucleus and sperm morphology of male mice Zhang Hong, Li Xiao-hong, Huang Dai-rong, Zeng Yun, Yang Jun, Wang Shi-chen, Wang Feng-yu 2011, 15 (28):  5249-5252.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.030 Abstract ( 115 )   PDF (1239KB) ( 386 )   Save BACKGROUND: The investigation into the genotoxicity of grosvenor momordica fruit will provide experimental evidence for its safe application. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of aqueous extracts from grosvenor momordica fruits on micronuclear rates of bone marrow cells and teratosperm rate of epididymis in male mice to identify whether the water extracts have genetic and reproductive toxicity. METHODS: Male Kunming mice intragastrically perfused with the maximum using concentration (3 g/mL) and maximum perfusion volume (20 mL/kg) to observe acute toxicity of aqueous extracts from grosvenor momordica fruits. The rats were randomly divided into five groups, respectively perfused with 30, 15, 7.5 g/kg aqueous extracts, distilled water for 5 consecutive days and intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide (40 mg/kg). Bone marrow micronuclear rates were tested using bone marrow cell micronucleus test at the fifth day of perfusion. Teratosperm rate was observed at the 35th day after the first perfusion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The oral maximum tolerated dose of aqueous extracts of grosvenor momordica fruits for Kunming mouse was 120 g/kg. After gastric administration of aqueous extracts at 30, 15, and 7.5 g/kg, there was no obvious difference in micronuclear rates or teratosperm rate compared with normal mice (P > 0.05), which were significantly lower than cyclophosphamide group (P < 0.05). Results demonstrated that aqueous extracts from grosvenor momordica fruits have no evident genetic toxicity to adult male mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs on bone morphogenetic protein 2, 7 activity in osteoblasts Zhang Xiao-wei, Zheng Hong-xin, Lin Shu-ru, Jin Min-ting 2011, 15 (28):  5253-5257.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.031 Abstract ( 89 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 426 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein is used as research target to recognize the pathological mechanisms underlying renal deficiency osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To in vitro investigate the effects of kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs on bone morphogenetic protein 2, 7 (BMP-2, 7) activity in osteoblasts. METHODS: Neonatal Sprague Dawley rat cranial osteoblasts were in vitro cultured by collagenase digestions. Twenty-eight rats were randomly intragastrically administered either kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs (kidney-tonifying group, n=7), spleen-tonifying granules (spleen-tonifying group, n=7), Gushukang granules (Gushukang group, n=7), or nothing (control group, n=7) every day. After 8 days of intervention, serum osteoblasts were cultured for 48 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, BMP2 and BMP7 expressions were significantly increased in the kidney-tonifying and Gushukang groups (P < 0.01), but they were significantly decreased in the spleen-tonifying group (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that kidney-tonifying Chinese herbs exhibit important effects on retaining the self-function of osteoblasts and maintaining bone density, and that BMP2 and BMP7 in the osteoblasts can promote the differentiation and proliferation of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Reformation of soft tissue expander and its application in construction of autologous composite skin He Li-xia, Ai Jian-xiong, Yang Ren-huan, Ya Zu-meng 2011, 15 (28):  5258-5261.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.032 Abstract ( 103 )   PDF (1304KB) ( 448 )   Save BACKGROUND: Periodical injection of normal saline into the capsular space of soft tissue expander implanted beneath the normal skin soft tissue can expand the capsular space to acquire supplementary skin soft tissue. OBJECTIVE: To reform the traditional soft tissue expander and then apply it to construct autologous composite skin. METHODS: One injection pot that lead to the extracapsular space was added to the traditional soft tissue expander. The modified expanders were implanted on the back of 10 New Zealand white rabbits subcutaneously. Two weeks later, the cultured autologous epidermal cell suspension was injected into the space between the fibrous cyst and expander. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the animals survived with the wounds well healing until the study finished. Expander did not exhibit breakage or leakage. Gross examination showed that 1 week later, epithelial islands without complete epithelial layer appeared on the surface of fibrous cyst; 2 weeks later, complete epithelial layer similar to stratified squamous epithelium was observed on the surface of fibrous cyst. These findings suggest that it is feasible to construct autologous composite skin in vivo using the reformed soft tissue expander. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of myostatin polymorphism with sensitivity to muscular growth Li Xiao, Liu Li-hong, Ma Li-hong 2011, 15 (28):  5262-5264.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.033 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (991KB) ( 360 )   Save BACKGROUND: The myostatin plays an important role in the regulation of muscular growth in human body, however, there is few study regarding this gene in Chinese populations. OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the association of growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) gene polymorphism and human muscles through the observation of the Alu I restriction site of GDF-8 gene polymorphism. METHODS: A total of 92 undisciplined male students, of Han population, received strength training for 8 weeks at Tianjin University of Sport, three days a week. The thickness of the biceps and quadriceps was measured with the ultrasonic B test before and after exercise. The body fat, lean body weight, body weight and height were also measured before and after the exercise, as wellas the difference of Alu I restriction site of GDF-8 gene polymorphism. The length of fragments containing Alu I site was 135 bp after primer amplification, and defined as A. after Alu I restriction enzyme digestion, the allele containing Alu I site appeared fragments at 80 and 55 bp, defining as T. Thus three genotypes emerged, namely AA, AT and TT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: From the morphologic index, the height, weight, lean body weight, muscle thickness, the biceps and quadriceps muscle diameter of the males at Alu I site A/T heterozygote and T/T homozygote were significantly high than those at A/A homozygote (P < 0.05 or 0.01). The Alu I polymorphism at GDF-8 gene loci is associated with the weight, height and lean body weight. The allele T is the congenital sensitive factor for the muscular growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in skeletal muscle metabolic enzyme and free radical in a rat model of endurance training Zhang Xin 2011, 15 (28):  5265-5268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.034 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (716KB) ( 800 )   Save BACKGROUND: Changes in skeletal muscle metabolic enzyme and free radical are related to different exercise modes and intensities. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in skeletal muscle metabolic enzyme and free radical in rats undergoing endurance exercise with gradually increased exercise intensities. METHODS: Healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a quiet control and an exercise group. Rats in the exercise group were subjected to 8 weeks of endurance exercise with gradually increased exercise intensities. After endurance exercise, skeletal muscle sample was taken to determine creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, total antioxidase, hydrogen peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities as well as malondialdehyde level. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the exercise group, creatine kinase, lactic acid dehydrogenase, glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity as well as malondialdehyde levels were significantly greater (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and total antioxidase, hydrogen peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly lower (P < 0.05), compared with the quiet control group. Results showed that 8 weeks of endurance exercise with gradually increased exercise intensities can damage skeletal muscle to some extent, indicating that decreased activity of antioxidase is associated with increased activity of metabolic enzyme. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of alpha B-crystallin mRNA of skeletal muscle cells after high-intensity eccentric exercise Zhang Li-li, Yang Hui-ling, Zhai Feng-ming, Zhang Rui-cun, Li Zhuang-zhi 2011, 15 (28):  5269-5272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.035 Abstract ( 65 )   PDF (773KB) ( 395 )   Save BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle is called “molecular chaperones” the small heat shock protein αB-crystallin protein in the exercise training may have important physiological functions. OBJECTIVE: To examine the mRNA expression of αB-crystallin in skeletal muscle after eccentric exercise. METHODS: Adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, immediately after exercise group and 24 hours after exercise group. Control group received normal feeding. Exercise groups experienced once high-intensity eccentric exercise. After exercise, gastrocnemius muscle from excise groups at 0 and 24 hours after excise and those from control group were removed. The gastrocnemius muscles were processed for cryosection in situ hybridization to measure αB-crystallin mRNA expression. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group which had a weak level of labeling, the hybridization signal of αB-crystallin mRNA was obviously enhanced near muscle cell membrane in immediately after exercise group and 24 hours after exercise group (P < 0.05). Results suggest that αB-crystallin mRNA expression was up-regulated after high-intensity eccentric exercise. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between plasma thromboxane A2/prostaglandin I2 value and no-reflow phenomenon in acute limb arterial embolism patients Hao Yu-jun，Ren Wei 2011, 15 (28):  5273-5276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.036 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (647KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: Microcirculation disturbance plays an important role in the no-reflow phenomenon in skeletal muscle, thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) are the important factors to ensure microcirculation balance. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationships between plasma TXA2/PGI2 value and the no-reflow phenomenon in skeletal muscle. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with lower extremity arterial thrombosis confirmed by imaging results and clinical manifestations were included in this study. After embolectomy, the patients were assigned to two groups according to whether reflow existed in ischemic limbs: no-reflow (n=10) and control (n=26). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, PGI2 level was significantly decreased at 0 hour after embolectomy (P < 0.01), and at 24 hours after embolectomy, TXA2 level was significantly increased and PGI2 level was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), in the no-reflow group. Compared with control group, TXA2/PGI2 value in the no-reflow group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The TXA2/PGI2 value in the control group increased and then decreased after embolectomy, while the TXA2/PGI2 value in the no-reflow group maintained at a very high level. Prior to and after embolectomy, there was no significant difference in blood platelet amount and plasma fibrinogen level between no-reflow and control groups. At 24 hours after embolectomy, the TXA2/PGI2 value in the no-reflow group was positively correlated with plasma fibrinogen level (r=0.613, P=0.049), but it was not correlated with blood platelet amount (r=0.199, P=0.543). These findings suggest that TXA2/PGI2 value can be used as one of indexes for judging no-reflow phenomenon in skeletal muscle of acute arterial embolism patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and nitric oxide in protection of postconditioning from hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in cultured cardiomyocytes Wang Qian, Liu Ge-Xiu, Bin Juan, Xu Jiang-Ping 2011, 15 (28):  5277-5280.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.037 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (549KB) ( 918 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown cyclic increases in tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) during a multiple-cycle preconditioning protocol and the possibility that cAMP acts as a messenger or signal to elicit protection to subsequent ischemic damage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible effects of cAMP and nitric oxide (NO) in the postconditioning protection of the cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. METHODS: Primary cultured Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 11 groups: normal control, H/R, postconditioning, postconditioning+rolipram, postconditioning+SQ22536 or L-arginine+ postconditioning, rolipram, SQ22536 or Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NAME)+H/R. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Ischemic postconditioning significantly improved cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase release, decreased expression of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-β. The specific PDE4 inhibitor rolipram could further strength the protective effect of ischemic postconditioning on cardiomyocytes, while the specific adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536 could significantly attenuate this effect (P < 0.05). A non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME showed the deleterious effect at 1000 μmol/L, while it produced similar effect to ischemic postconditioning at 20 or 100 μmol/L. These findings suggest that the cAMP and NO signaling molecules participate in the protection of postconditioning to cardiomyocytes from H/R injury, and the effect may be associated with regulation of inflammatory process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in inducible nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species in human retinal pigment epithelial cells induced by high glucose Hong Jin, Shuai Jie, Yuan Zhi-Lan, Fan Qin-Hua 2011, 15 (28):  5281-5284.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.038 Abstract ( 87 )   PDF (1045KB) ( 306 )   Save BACKGROUND: High glucose-induced free radical damage is a central link to pathological mechanism underlying diabetic retinopathy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of high glucose on growth of human retinal pigment epithelial cells and on expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. METHODS: Human retinal pigment epithelial cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into three groups: control, high glucose, and mannitol. In the control, high glucose, and mannitol groups, cells were cultured with DMEM solution containing    5.5 mmol/L glucose, 33 mmol/L glucose, and 55 mmol/L glucose and 27.5 mmol/L mannitol, respectively. Cell morphology was observed by phase contrast inverted microscope. Expression of iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine was studied by immunofluorescence staining method. Changes in ROS in the human retinal pigment epithelial cells were determined by scanning laser confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, at 48 hours after treatment, cell body became small with various morphologies, irregular cells increased, iNOS and 3-nitrotyrosine expression increased, and ROS expression was obviously increased, in the high glucose group. These finding suggest that high glucose can damage retinal pigment epithelial cells, leading to altered cell morphology and increased intracellular 3-nitrotyrosine level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a siRNA vector targeting Smad3 gene and gene-silencing effect Wang Ai-li, Wu Zhi-hong, Xu Shun, Gu Yao-hui, Huang Jing, Chen Bo, Jia Qing 2011, 15 (28):  5285-5289.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.039 Abstract ( 82 )   PDF (1350KB) ( 328 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that inhibition of Smad3 can suppress fibroplasias or collagen over expression. OBJECTIVE: To construct an expression vector of siRNA targeting human Smad3 gene and observe its gene-silencing effect in hypertrophic scar (HS) fibroblasts METHODS: The siRNA sequences targeting Smad3 gene were designed and synthesized with two complementary oligonucleotide strands. The oligonucleotide strands were annealed and recombined into pRNAT-U6 vector, which was identified by sequencing following transformation and amplification. The siRNA expression vector pRNAT-U6- Smad3 was transfected into human HS fibroblasts. Smad3 expressions in mRNA and protein levels were examined by real-time-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The result of recombinant sequence was the same as aim sequence. Real-time RCR and Western blot showed that, compared to blank, the mRNA and protein levels of Smad3 were significantly decreased. Thereinto, the most effective siRNA sequence was AGA CAG ACT GTG ACC AGT A (1156). The gene-silent efficiency was 45%. Smad3-siRNA recombinant was constructed successfully and can be transfected into HS fibroblasts to inhibit the expression of Smad3 gene. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between T950C and A163G polymorphism of the osteoprotegerin gene and bone mineral density in elderly type 2 diabetic patients Jia Rong, Miao Yi-de, Ji Li-nong 2011, 15 (28):  5290-5294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.040 Abstract ( 113 )   PDF (1401KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus are in high risk with osteoporosis, but the pathogenesis is not clear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between T950C and A163G polymorphisms of the osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene and bone mineral density in the elderly type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: We determined T950C and A163G polymorphisms of OPG gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 147 elderly type 2 diabetic patients including 100 males and 47 females. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine, hip and forearm was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the CC genotype of the T950C was associated with significantly higher BMD at lumbar spine; while in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, no association was found between the T950C polymorphisms and BMD. In elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the AA genotype of the A163G was associated with significantly higher BMD at femoral torch and forearm area; while in elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the AA genotype of the A163G was associated with significantly higher BMD at lumbar spine. T950C genotypes in the OPG gene promoter were associated with BMD in elderly female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A163G genotypes in the OPG gene promoter were associated with BMD in elderly female and male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of eukaryotic expression plasmid pcDNA3.1-tau and its stable expression in HEK293 cell line Wang Hai-hong, Dong Wei-ren, Zhang Lin, Yan Fang, Liu Zhong-ying, Li Yan 2011, 15 (28):  5295-5298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.041 Abstract ( 198 )   PDF (1124KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: The number of neurofibrillary tangles in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients parallels to the severity of dementia. The major protein subunit of neurofibrillary tangles is abnormally hyperphosphorylated protein tau. Tau pathology appears before the dementia and is independent of β-amyloid peptide abnormality. OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1-tau and to establish the cell line stably expressing tau protein. METHODS: A 1.0-kb cDNA fragment was amplified from the total RNA of the human neuroblastoma cells with the RT-PCR method and was cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1. The plasmid was identified by the double digestion with restriction enzymes BamHI and XhoI and DNA sequencing. Cultured HEK293 cells transfected with the pcDNA3.1-tau plasmid by lipofectamine were selected using G418. The expression of the tau gene was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence cytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The human tau gene was successfully cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3.1. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence cytochemistry revealed that the HEK293 cells stably transfected with the pcDNA3.1-tau plasmid expressed a high level of the tau protein in the cytoplasm. This is evidenced that the recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid of pcDNA3.1-tau was constructed successfully and the HEK293 cell line stably expressing tau protein was established. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of a recombinant adeno-associated virus plasmid expressing glucagon-like peptide-1 Lou Ming-wu, Liang Bing, Zhang Ming-dong, Yang Guang-xiao, Wang Quan-ying 2011, 15 (28):  5299-5302.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.042 Abstract ( 85 )   PDF (720KB) ( 344 )   Save BACKGROUND: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is limited by half-life in human body. OBJECTIVE: To construct a recombinant adeno-associated virus vector expressing GLP-1. METHODS: The fusion gene NT4-GLP-1 was inserted into the adeno-associated virus packaging plasmid pSSHG-CMV to generate the adeno-associated virus packaging plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1. 80% of fused 293 cells were co-transfected by using the calcium phosphate precipitation method, with aid packaging plasmids pAAV/Ad, pFG140 and the recombinant adeno-associated virus packaging plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1. Virus effects were confirmed by immunohistochemistry at the same time. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Restriction enzyme EcoRⅠidentification showed that the recombinant plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1 contained a 342 bp target segment, indicating that the fusion gene NT4-GLP-1 has been successfully transfected into recombinant adeno-associated virus packaging plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1. Immunocytochemical staining results showed that Hela cells transfected by plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1 contained a large number of brown yellow particles, with the rate of positive cells more than 70%. These findings suggest that adeno-associated virus packaging plasmid pSSHG/NT4-GLP-1 expressed GLP-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of adrenomedullin eukaryotic expression vector on skin flap ischemia reperfusion injury Yang Feng, Liu Zhi-kun, He Kui 2011, 15 (28):  5303-5306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.043 Abstract ( 98 )   PDF (765KB) ( 276 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adrenomedullin plays protective effects on ischemia and reperfusion injury of the heart, brain, kidney and liver. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of adrenomedullin eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1-ADM on ischemia reperfusion injury in rat abdominal flaps and the possible mechanism of action. METHODS: Rat adrenomedullin eukaryotic expression vector pVAX1-ADM was reconstructed. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham-operated, model, Verapamil, and pVAX1-ADM. Rats in the pVAX1-ADM group were injected with recombinant plasmid (600 μg) and rats in the other three groups were injected with the same amount of normal saline, once a week. Four weeks later, ischemia reperfusion models were established by 9 hours of ischemia followed by 12 hours of reperfusion. Before reperfusion, the Verapamil group was injected with Verapamil. At 7 days after surgery, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and endothelium 1 (ET-1) in targeted flaps were measured, and histomorphological examination of the targeted flaps was performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the content of MDA and ET-1 in the pVAX1-ADM group abdominal flaps was decreased by 38.50% (P < 0.01) and 54.73% (P < 0.01) respectively, and activity of SOD was increased by 50.67% (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, only a few inflammatory cells infiltrated and interstitial edema decreased significantly in the flaps in the PVAX1-ADM group. These findings suggest that adrenomedullin eukaryotic expression vector PVAX1-ADM exhibits protective effects on skin flap ischemia reperfusion injury, and the underlying mechanism is related to reduction in lipid peroxidation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of end-to-side neurorrhaphy of peripheral nerve in repair of neurological defect Sun Gui-xin, Wang Huan 2011, 15 (28):  5309-5312.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.045 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (646KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: End-to-side neurorrhaphy has significant advantages for treating nerve injuries such as nerve proximal end atrophy or avulsion disappearance. No matter the distance of proximal end of defected nerve, end-to-side neurorrhaphy does not affect the function of donor nerve. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the scientific research and clinical studies concerning end-to-side anastomosis in repair of peripheral nerve, and to provide a pathway for repairing defects of peripheral nerve, especially that cannot do end-to-end anastomosis, because of long defects and unable to find at the proximal end. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed and Wanfang Database for relevant articles published from January 1990 to October 2010. The key words were “end-to-side neurorrhaphy, end-to-side anastomosis, nerve repair”. Articles on end-to-side anastomosis for repairing damage to peripheral nerve were selected, and those in the same field published recently or in authorized journals were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 86 articles were retrieved. After excluding repetitive articles, 38 articles were used. Present studies have shown that Schwann cells can induce collateral process pullulation of complete donor neural axis. Schwann cells rapidly proliferated at stoma, and produced a large number of nutrition factor. Epineurium played a barrier function in end-to-side neurorrhaphy and prevented the entry of new axons into the broken end of nerve. End-to-side anastomosis is an effective repair method for damaged peripheral nerve, and can be used in clinic if necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Change and role of biochemical milieu in the site near to myofascial trigger points Huang Dan-jing, Lü Jiao-jiao, Huang Qiang-min, Wu Xiao-li 2011, 15 (28):  5313-5316.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.046 Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (603KB) ( 586 )   Save BACKGROUND: Most previous studies of sites near to myofascial trigger points focus on pathological characteristics and clinical treatments. The biochemical milieu and role in the sites near to myofascial trigger points are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biochemical milieu in the sites near to myofascial trigger points and the role of various biochemical factors in myofascial pains. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed by the first author using the key words“myofascial trigger points, algogenic substance, nervous system sensitization, nociceptors” in English and Chinese to search papers published between 2000 and 2010 in CNKI and Medline databases. A total of 159 papers were retrieved. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 papers were included in the final analysis. The change in biochemical milieu of myofascial trigger points and its functions were summarized to introduce the important role of biochemical milieu in the pathogenesis of myofascial trigger points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The biochemical milieu in the sites near to myofascial trigger points had marked changes which showed that the neurovascular reactive substances, inflammatory mediators and pain factors increased obviously. However, there are few studies describing the change and role of biochemical milieu in the sites near to myofascial trigger points. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using autologous harmstring tendons in a two-bundle way in 21 patients Xiao Shi-liang,Zeng Fang-jun, Qian Rui, Chen Xia-guang, Zhou Jian-guo 2011, 15 (28):  5317-5320.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.28.047 Abstract ( 102 )   PDF (567KB) ( 252 )   Save BACKGROUND: Conventional anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is conducted in a single-bundle technique, which cannot improve rotational instability and proprioceptive sensibility of knee joint. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical curative effects of arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using autologous hamstring tendons in a double-bundle technique. METHODS: Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging examination were included. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using autologous hamstring tendons was performed in a double-bundle and four-tunnel way. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, follow-up was performed more than 3 months. KT-2000 examination showed that bilateral knee joint difference of prior laxity was reduced after reconstruction compared with before reconstruction (P < 0.05). After reconstruction, the positive rate of Lachman test and pivot shift test was decreased (P < 0.05). The knee joint function scoring formulated by the International Knee Documentation Committee showed that after reconstruction, anterior cruciate ligament injury recovered to normal level in 21 patients (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament using autologous hamstring tendons in a double-bundle way acquires satisfactory clinical effects. Related Articles | Metrics