Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (19): 3064-3070.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3515

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Bone morphogenetic protein 9 regulates stem cell differentiation and bone regeneration

Wang Liu, Song Dongzhe, Huang Dingming   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China 
  • Received:2020-06-17 Revised:2020-06-20 Accepted:2020-07-29 Online:2021-07-09 Published:2021-01-13
  • Contact: Huang Dingming, MD, Chief physician, Professor, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • About author:Wang Liu, Master, Physician, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center of Oral Disease & Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610000, Sichuan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81970936 (to HDM); the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81900996 (to SDZ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) possesses the potential to regulate the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. A large number of studies have shown that BMP9 can promote the repair of bone defects in animals.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of BMP9 regulating stem cell differentiation, to discuss the potential factors affecting the promotion of stem cell osteogenic differentiation by BMP9, and to explore the application perspective of BMP9 in bone tissue engineering. 
METHODS: In PubMed, Web of Science, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI, the authors searched the relevant literature from 1990 to 2020 with the keywords “bone morphogenetic protein 9/BMP9, mesenchymal stem cell, stem cell, bone regeneration, bone reconstruction”. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the repetitive, unrelated, or low-quality articles were excluded. Finally, 67 articles were summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As a key molecule of bone morphogenetic protein family, BMP9 has a strong ability to promote stem cell differentiation and bone tissue regeneration. BMP9 regulates stem cell differentiation mainly through BMP9-SMAD signal pathway and BMP9-MAPK signal pathway. TGFβ, Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways can regulate the expression of key molecules in BMP9 signaling pathway to indirectly affect the osteogenic differentiation of BMP9. In oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering and osteoarticular disease model, BMP9 can significantly promote bone tissue regeneration, bone defect repair and bone tissue reconstruction. However, with the limitations of the existing research, the specific mechanism of BMP9 regulating stem cell differentiation and bone tissue regeneration remains to be further explored, and the toxic and side effects of stimulating BMP9 on other tissues and organs still need to be evaluated. 


Key words: stem cells, bone morphogenetic protein 9, osteogenic differentiation, bone regeneration, signal pathway, bone tissue engineering, review

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