Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (20): 3210-3218.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3209

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Epigenetic reprogramming and exercise regulation of bone metabolism disorders

Liu Bo1, Chen Xianghe1, Yang Kang2, Sun Changliang3, Yu Huilin1, Lu Pengcheng1   

  1. 1School of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation, the Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China; 3School of Physical Education and Health, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2020-08-11 Revised:2020-08-12 Accepted:2020-09-25 Online:2021-07-18 Published:2021-01-15
  • Contact: Chen Xianghe, MD, Associate professor, School of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Liu Bo, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Academic Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Yangzhou University, No. X20200325 (to LB); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (General Project), No. 2019M661957 (to CXH)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The balance of bone metabolism in the body is maintained by bone formation mediated by osteoblasts and bone resorption mediated by osteoclasts. When its metabolic function is impaired, it will cause bone metabolism disorders and trigger various bone diseases. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanism of epigenetics in bone metabolism disorders, to explore the effect of exercise on epigenetics and the mechanism of epigenetics in exercise regulating bone metabolism. 
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI were searched for relevant articles published from January 1999 to October 2020, using the keywords of “exercise; epigenetics; bone metabolism; DNA methylation; histone modification; noncoding RNA” in English and Chinese, respectively. A total of 90 relevant articles were retrieved, and 73 articles met the inclusion criteria. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Epigenetics can regulate gene expression and influence bone metabolism without changing gene sequence, which is flexible and heritable. Changes in mRNA expression of HDAC1, Sirt1, DNMTs, LncRNA OGRU, and miR-486 can alter the activity and gene expression of related signal pathways, which in turn affects the growth, development and maturation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, thereby regulating the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation. Osteocytes and osteoclasts are all mechanically sensitive cells. Bone tissue can convert the load generated by exercise into biological stimuli to act on osteoblasts and osteoclasts, then affect cell proliferation, differentiation and maturation, and ultimately regulate bone metabolism. Exercise can regulate the expression of FoxO3a, Jag1, Hcy, and homeobox A10 through their epigenetic status, thereby exerting a positive effect on bone formation. Bone tissue is a kind of mechanically sensitive tissue, and epigenetics plays an important role in the regulation of bone tissue homeostasis by exercise.

Key words: exercise, epigenetics, bone metabolism, DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA

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