Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (34): 5464-5468.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0681

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Periodontal tissue changes in a Beagle dog model of peri-implantitis under orthodontic force

Chang Lijun1, Tang Tian2, Zhang Xiaoge3   

  1. 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China; 2Department of Orthodontics, West China School/Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China; 3Department of Orthodontics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi’an 710043, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2018-08-23 Online:2018-12-08 Published:2018-12-08
  • Contact: Zhang Xiaoge, MD, Attending physician, Department of Orthodontics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University of PLA, Xi’an 710043, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Chang Lijun, Associate chief physician, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, No. 2013M532159; Henan Province Medical Education Research Subject, No. Wjlx2017017

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The early-stage progression of peri-implantitis is an important factor affecting the stability of micro-implants.

OBJECTIVE: To establish an animal model of peri-implantitis under orthodontic force, and to evaluate periodontal indexes in different stages of the development of peri-implantitis.
METHODS: Eight adult male Beagle dogs were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Sichuan University in China. Forty-eight micro-implants were randomly implanted into the maxillary interradicular region at the center of the mesial and distal roots of bilateral second, third, and fourth premolars of Beagle dogs. One side served as experimental group with three loaded micro-implants under 100 g of orthodontic force at 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks of peri-implantitis, and the force lasted for 1 month. The contralateral side acted as control group with no orthodontic force. Two dogs were selected at each visit time. Incidence and development of peri-implantitis were evaluated based on the periodontal indexes such as modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index, periodontal probe depth, and micro-implant looseness.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the experimental group, plaque or soft scale accumulation on the micro-implant surface formed, with soft tissue congestion and swelling. Sometimes hyperplasia and even mucosal erosion, ulceration developed as well as bleeding occurred during the probing. With the increase of probe depth, a few of micro-implants were loosened. All of these indicated the occurrence of peri-implantitis. In the control group, no color change, no edema or swelling, and no bleeding after probing appeared, and the gingiva was in health status. (2) In the experimental group, there were significant differences in the modified plaque index and periodontal probe depth at different visit time (P < 0.05), while no significant difference was visible in the modified sulcus bleeding index (P > 0.05). (3) Only 3 of 48 micro-implants were loosened, which belonged to the experimental group, including one of degree I and two of degree II. To conclude, with the stimulation of orthodontic stress, the modified plaque index and periodontal probe depth values around the micro-implant are positively related to the different stages of the development of the peri-implantitis. This indicates that early intervention under the orthodontic force is an important measure to prevent peri-implantitis during the development of peri-implantitis.  

Key words: Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures, Dental Implants, Tissue Engineering

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