Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (11): 2394-2401.doi: 10.12307/2025.354
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Effects of exercise intervention on intestinal flora in college students: a systematic review
Liu Zhaozhi1, 2, Huang Li1, 2, Tian Haodong1, 2, Li Lan1, 2, Chen Xiao3, Tao Yunfei1, 2, Peng Li1, 2
- 1School of Physical Education, 2Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Exercise Performance Monitoring of the General Administration of Sport of China, School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; 3School of Health, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
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Received:2024-03-22Accepted:2024-05-18Online:2025-04-18Published:2024-08-12 -
Contact:Peng Li, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Exercise Performance Monitoring of the General Administration of Sport of China, School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China -
About author:Liu Zhaozhi, Master candidate, School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Exercise Performance Monitoring of the General Administration of Sport of China, School of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China -
Supported by:National Social Science Foundation of China, No. 21BTY092 (to PL); General Project of Chongqing Administration of Sport, No. B202206 (to HL)
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Liu Zhaozhi, Huang Li, Tian Haodong, Li Lan, Chen Xiao, Tao Yunfei, Peng Li . Effects of exercise intervention on intestinal flora in college students: a systematic review[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(11): 2394-2401.
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2.1 纳入文献基本特征 此文最终纳入8项研究，共包括446名研究对象，其中5项研究为健康大学生[14-18]；另外3项研究分别为轻度网瘾大学生、非酒精性脂肪肝大学生和睡眠障碍大学生[19-21]。6项研究的受试者的体质量指数为正常，1项研究的受试者体质量指数达到超重[20]，1项研究未报告受试者体质量指数[21]。3项研究采用了高强度间歇训练[14-15，20]；3项研究采用有氧运动干预[16，18-19]；2项研究采用太极拳运动[17，21]，干预频次为每周3-6次，干预周期为8-20周。纳入研究的肠道菌群检测大部分采用16S rRNA扩增子序列技术，选取V3-V4区进行扩增，仅王鹏等[20]通过特定物种培养皿检测特定物种的丰度变化。所有研究均为实验性研究，发表时间集中在2021-2024年。文献的基本特征见表2。 2.2 文献质量 采用PEDro质量评分量表对所纳入文献进行质量评估，评分结果见表3。共有8篇文献质量合格被纳入(≥4分)，其中4篇文章为“质量中等”，4篇文章为“质量较好”。因此该研究所纳入文献的整体质量较高。 2.3 运动与肠道菌群的研究现状 当前，运动因具备良好的健康效益，已成为达成疾病防治、健康促进等目标的重要手段。随着研究深入和技术进步，微生物领域与宿主健康之间的密切联系得到广泛关注，肠道菌群为进一步解释运动如何影响机体健康提供了新的视角。运动与肠道菌群相结合处于起步阶段，此次研究总结了运动与肠道菌群的研究发展时间线，见图3。 "
通过上述发展概况得知，科学技术的进步和发展是探索运动与肠道菌群关系的关键之一。因此，为进一步了解运动与肠道菌群的关系，此次研究总结了肠道菌群检测技术的发展历程，见表4。"
"
2.4 运动对大学生肠道菌群Alpha多样性的影响 肠道菌群物种Alpha多样性分析包括丰富度和多样性两个维度，Chao1指数和ACE指数为常用丰富度指数，Shannon指数和Simpson指数为常用多样性指数。在纳入8项研究中，有7项研究进行了Alpha多样性分析[14-19，21]，这些研究的结局指标涉及Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Chao1指数、ACE指数。表5结果显示，大学生的肠道菌群在4项研究中显著提高(P < 0.05)[15，17-18，21]，在DONATI ZEPPA等[14]的研究表示干预后受试者肠道菌群Alpha多样性指数均提高，3项研究仅在研究中表示Alpha多样性未发生显著变化[16，18-19]，没有报告多样性变化趋势。不同运动方式存在效果差异，采用高强度间歇训练和太极拳运动的研究均提高了大学生肠道菌群Alpha多样性[14-15，17，21]，然而，有氧运动并显著未提升大学生肠道菌群Alpha多样性[18-19，22]。 2.5 运动对大学生肠道菌群Beta多样性的影响 肠道菌群Beta多样性分析用于比较不同组之间或受试者干预前后的微生物群落的异同，6项研究报告了运动干预后肠道菌群Beta多样性变化[14，16-19，21]。纳入研究中大部分采用基于Bray Curtis距离的主坐标分析(PCoA)坐标和OTU水平的PERMANOVA分析来检测Beta多样性，2项研究分别采用加权和未加权的UniFrac距离算法[17，19]，并采用PCoA组间微生物群落差异，还有1项研究采用非度量多维尺度Wilcoxon检验评估组间差异[21]。5项研究均表明运动后Beta多样性差异显著(P < 0.05)[14，16-18，21]；1项研究表明运动后Beta多样性未显著改变[19]，3种运动方式之间不存在效果差异。 2.6 运动对大学生肠道菌群物种组成的影响 此次研究纳入的8项研究均报告了运动对大学生肠道菌群物种组成"
的影响。图4结果显示，大学生肠道菌群主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)组成，其中厚壁菌门占比最高。在菌门水平上，3项研究结果显示运动增加了厚壁菌门的相对丰度(P < 0.05)[14，18-19]；3项研究表示运动降低了变形菌门的相对丰度(P < 0.05)[14，17，19]；2项研究表示拟杆菌门在干预后丰度降低(P < 0.05)[14，19]，这些结果在菌门分类水平具有一致性，在菌科和菌属水平发现了运动方式上的差异。结果显示，所有运动方式均能提升毛螺菌科(Lachnospiraceae)和瘤胃球菌科(Ruminococcaceae)的相对丰度[14-15，17，19]，并降低埃希氏菌志贺菌(Escherichia_Shigella)的相对丰度[15，20-21]；高强度间歇训练可以提高大学生肠道中乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)[15，20]、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)的相对丰度[14，20]，并降低普雷沃氏菌(Prevotella)的丰度[14]；有氧运动和太极拳干预后受试者肠道中的菌群丰度变化较为一致，普雷沃氏菌[17]、布劳氏菌属(Blautia)和普氏栖粪杆菌(Faecalibacterium)的丰度在运动后提高[17-19]，Muribaculaceae菌属、乳酸杆菌和萨特氏菌(Sutterellaceae)的丰度在运动后降低[16，18]。值得注意的是，相较于高强度间歇训练，有氧运动和太极拳干预后大学生肠道中乳酸杆菌和普雷沃氏菌的丰度出现了与HIIT完全相反的变化。 2.7 运动对大学生其他指标的影响 在纳入的8项研究中，运动也在大学生其他方面产生了良好效益。在4项研究中，运动后受试者体质量、体脂率、体质量指数、腰围、内脏脂肪等体成分指标显著下降[14-16，20]；2项研究表明运动后大学生的肌肉量提高[14-15]；2项研究表示运动后受试者舒张压和收缩压得到改善[16-17]；还有研究表示运动改善了大学生的血脂指标[17]、心肺功能[14]、睡眠障碍[19]、认知功能以及网络依赖[18，21]。"
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