Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (22): 3602-3608.doi: 10.12307/2023.373

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Complications after spinal fusion in patients with metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ma Maoxiao1, 2, Cui Guofeng3, Zhang Xue2, Zhang Hong2, Liu Youwen2, Yue Chen2   

  1. 1Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China; 2Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China; 3Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2022-04-26 Accepted:2022-06-25 Online:2023-08-08 Published:2022-11-03
  • Contact: Liu Youwen, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China Yue Chen, MD, Associate chief physician, Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Ma Maoxiao, Master candidate, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410000, Hunan Province, China; Luoyang Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province (Orthopedic Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang 471000, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82074472 (to LYW); Science and Technology Project of Henan Province, No. 222102310368 (to CGF); Medical and Health Key Project of Luoyang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau, No. 2101027A (to CGF)

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Metabolic syndrome has been shown to negatively affect postoperative outcomes across a range of surgical procedures. However, it is unclear whether metabolic syndrome is also associated with complications following spinal fusion surgery.  
METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, OVID and Web of Science databases were comprehensively searched. Studies on postoperative complications of spinal fusion in patients with metabolic syndrome were selected. Relevant outcome measures included all-cause complications, cardiovascular complications, pulmonary complications, surgical site infection, sepsis, venous thromboembolic events (including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism), urinary tract infection, 30-day postoperative readmission rate, 30-day postoperative reoperation rate, 30-day postoperative mortality and hospitalization costs. Data were extracted and meta-analyzed or qualitatively synthesized for 11 kinds of outcomes.  
RESULTS: (1) Eight studies, containing 1 prospective cohort study and 7 retrospective cohort studies, involving a total of 283 593 patients, were included. The overall quality of the included studies was good. (2) Meta-analysis results showed that metabolic syndrome increased the risk of all-cause complications [RR= 1.53, 95%CI(1.22, 1.93), P=0.000 3], pulmonary complications [RR=1.68, 95%CI(1.29, 2.17), P < 0.000 1], cardiac complications [RR=2.05, 95%CI(1.47, 2.87), P < 0.000 1], surgical site infection [RR=1.73, 95%CI(1.37, 2.20), P < 0.000 01], and 30-day readmission [RR=1.44, 95%CI(1.16, 1.79), P=0.001] compared with the non-metabolic syndrome. (3) Qualitative analysis suggested that metabolic syndrome was associated with increased medical costs.
CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome patients are at increased risk of all-cause complications, pulmonary complications, cardiovascular complications, surgical site infection, and 30-day readmission after spinal fusion surgery.

Key words: metabolic syndrome, spinal fusion, postoperative complication, meta-analysis, retrospective cohort study, prospective cohort study

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