Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (21): 3415-3422.doi: 10.12307/2023.179

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Characteristics and application of bone repair materials of metal ion doped hydroxyapatite

Qi Junqiang, Guo Chao, Niu Dongyang, Wang Haotian, Xiao Bing, Xu Guohua   

  1. Spinal Minimally Invasive Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200001, China
  • Received:2022-06-15 Accepted:2022-07-07 Online:2023-07-28 Published:2022-11-26
  • Contact: Xu Guohua, Chief physician, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Spinal Minimally Invasive Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200001, China
  • About author:Qi Junqiang, Master candidate, Spinal Minimally Invasive Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200001, China Guo Chao, Master candidate, Spinal Minimally Invasive Center, Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200001, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81972076 (to XGH)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Autologous and allogeneic bone currently used for bone repair has limited sources, complications in the donor area, potential risk of disease transmission, immune rejection, and high prices, which have limited clinical applications. Artificial bone repair materials have been widely studied as bone graft replacement materials.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current status of research on metal ion-doped modified hydroxyapatite for bone tissue repair.
METHODS: The articles collected in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched from January 2000 to May 2022. The Chinese and English search terms were “metal ion, hydroxyapatite, doping modification, bone repair”. Finally, 61 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Ion doped hydroxyapatite has good characteristics. Strontium can enhance the osteogenesis of osteoblasts and inhibit osteoclast mediated bone resorption. Strontium doped hydroxyapatite has unique advantages in the repair of osteoporotic bone defects. (2) Copper, zinc, silver, magnesium and iron have certain antibacterial activity, among which silver and zinc have excellent antibacterial activity. Doping modified hydroxyapatite is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of orthopedic infections. (3) Copper can promote the migration of vascular endothelial cells and increase angiogenesis. Copper doped hydroxyapatite can be used to repair bone tissue lacking blood vessels. Barium has developing property, and it can be compounded with hydroxyapatite and other materials to prepare developing bone repair materials. (4) Strontium Iron Co doped hydroxyapatite can regulate cellular immunity and promote angiogenesis and bone formation. Magnesium, zinc strontium doped hydroxyapatite can induce a weak alkaline environment conducive to osteogenesis, and has excellent osteogenic ability. (5) A certain amount of magnesium doped hydroxyapatite has the compressive strength matching with cortical bone, and is expected to be used for bone tissue repair in weight-bearing sites. Low concentration ion doping can improve the mechanical properties and osteogenic activity of hydroxyapatite, and endow it with antibacterial activity, angiogenesis promotion, immune regulation, and so on. (6) When the ion concentration is too high, it will produce toxic effects. At present, there is no final conclusion about the optimal doping concentration of each ion, which needs to be further studied in the future. (7) The mechanism of ion involvement in bone metabolism and whether it will affect other cell activities need to be explored. How to realize the slow degradation of implant materials and the slow release of metal ions to match the process of bone repair needs to be further studied. (8) Optimizing the synthesis method and ion doping technology of hydroxyapatite to prepare materials that match the mechanical properties of natural bone is a research direction in the future.

Key words: metal ion, trace element, hydroxyapatite, doping modification, composite material, bone tissue engineering, biomaterial, bone repair

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