Serine/threonine protein kinases can promote bone destruction in mouse models of chronic periapical periodontitis

doi:10.12307/2021.035

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The main manifestations of periapical periodontitis are bone destruction and formation of inflammatory granulation tissue. Studies have found that serine/threonine protein kinases (AKT) can promote osteoclast differentiation.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of AKT in mice with experimental periapical periodontitis.
METHODS: Twenty-five C57BL/6J wild-type female mice were selected, and the animal model of periapical periodontitis was established in 20 mice by pulpectomy to expose the pulp cavity of bilateral mandibular first molars. The remaining five mice without pulpectomy were used as the healthy control group. Five mice from the experimental group were randomly killed to separate the mandible and prepare frozen sections at each observational time, including 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after pulpectomy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the inflammation of the mouse apical tissue. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the expression and distribution of AKT. Enzyme histochemical staining was used to observe the expression of osteoclasts in the mouse apical tissue. Correlation between AKT and osteoclast expression was analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that in the healthy control group, only a small amount of inflammatory cells were seen in the tissues around the apex, and the periodontal tissue was intact. At 1 week after the pulpectomy, the periodontal ligament in the periapical tissue was slightly widened, and there were a small amount of infiltrated neutrophils. At 2 weeks after pulpectomy, the width of the periodontal ligament increased significantly, and a large number of neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes infiltrated in the tissues around the apex, and obvious alveolar bone resorption appeared. At 3 to 4 weeks after the pulpectomy, mainly due to lymphocyte infiltration, the range of inflammation continued to expand, the range of alveolar bone resorption was more obvious, and the periodontal ligament width continued to widen. These indicated the successful establishment of the animal model of chronic periapical periodontitis in mice. The results of AKT immunohistochemical staining showed that there were only a few positive cells in the healthy control group; the expression of AKT in the experimental group began to increase at 1 week after pulpectomy, peaked at 2 weeks after pulpectomy, and then decreased at 3-4 weeks after pulpectomy. The number of AKT positive cells in the experimental group was higher than that in the healthy control group. There was no significant difference in the experimental group between 1 and 4 weeks after pulpectomy, and significant differences were observed in the experimental group at other observational times after pulpectomy. The results of enzyme histochemical staining showed that the number of osteoclasts had a certain trend with time, which reached the peak at 2-3 weeks after pulpectomy, and decreased at 4 weeks after pulpectomy. There was a moderate correlation between AKT absorbance value and osteoclast count (r=0.634, P < 0.001). To conclude, AKT is expressed in mice with chronic periapical periodontitis, and the expression is increased. AKT participates in the progression of chronic periapical periodontitis, and may promote bone destruction of periapical periodontitis.

Key words: periapical periodontitis, AKT, protein kinase B, osteoclasts, periodontal ligament, immunohistochemistry, staining

CLC Number:

Yang Caihui, Liu Qicheng, Dong Ming, Wang Lina, Zuo Meina, Lu Ying, Niu Weidong. Serine/threonine protein kinases can promote bone destruction in mouse models of chronic periapical periodontitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2021, 25(23): 3654-3659.

Figures/Tables 6

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