中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (14): 2140-2146.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2492

• 骨组织构建 bone tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

自体单束前交叉韧带移植重建不同股骨隧道位置对髌股关节的影响

林  圆,徐  斌,涂  俊,徐洪港,郭瑞鹏   

  1. 安徽医科大学第一附属医院院运动创伤与关节镜外科,安徽省合肥市  230022
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-04 修回日期:2019-07-06 接受日期:2019-08-15 出版日期:2020-05-18 发布日期:2020-03-13
  • 通讯作者: 徐斌,硕士,教授,安徽医科大学第一附属医院院运动创伤与关节镜外科,安徽省合肥市 230022
  • 作者简介:林圆,男,1994年生,安徽省宣城市人,汉族,安徽医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事运动创伤与关节镜方面的研究。

Effect of different femoral tunnel locations on patellofemoral joint during single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Lin Yuan, Xu Bin, Tu Jun, Xu Honggang, Guo Ruipeng   

  1. Department of Sports Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-04 Revised:2019-07-06 Accepted:2019-08-15 Online:2020-05-18 Published:2020-03-13
  • Contact: Xu Bin, Master, Professor, Department of Sports Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Lin Yuan, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Sports Trauma and Arthroscopic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
前交叉韧带:分成前内侧束、中间束和后外侧束3个功能纤维束。前内侧束在膝关节屈曲位紧张,伸直位松弛;而后外侧束在伸直位紧张,屈曲位松弛;中间束则在屈膝30°位时张力最高。前内侧束和中间束维持膝关节屈曲位的前后向稳定,限制胫骨的过度前移;后外侧束通过维持膝关节在屈曲位的旋转稳定性来促成前内侧束的功能,在伸直位限制关节的过伸,同时与中间束一道维持关节的前后向稳定。
膝关节损伤三联症:强大的旋转暴力下,内侧副韧带(胫侧副韧带)完全断裂的同时易合并内侧半月板和前交叉韧带的损伤,多见于竞技运动。

背景:研究显示,关节镜下膝关节单束前交叉韧带重建可以恢复膝关节的前向稳定性,但膝关节旋转稳定性及髌股关节匹配程度却受股骨及胫骨隧道中心位置的影响。

目的:分析青壮年前交叉韧带重建不同股骨隧道中心点位置与髌股关节软骨情况及髌骨倾斜的关系,同时对患者研究因素进行相关性分析,从而进一步探讨对髌股关节软骨及髌骨位置影响最小的股骨隧道位置的选择。

方法:将70例经过术前磁共振检查、查体及术中关节镜探查明确诊断为前交叉韧带断裂的患者,根据随机数字的奇偶将所有患者分为类等长组(使用股骨定位器定位于髁间窝外侧壁过顶点远端7 mm打入克氏针)和类解剖组(于髁间窝外侧壁、原前交叉韧带足印中心方向打入克氏针)。采用标准化网格系统上的近-远-前-后平面对股骨隧道中心坐标进行评估;前-后-内-外平面对胫骨隧道中心坐标进行评估,标记为象限Y%和象限X%。比较两组患者基线数据、髌股外侧角的差值、软骨定量T2值有无差异以及各研究因素之间相关性。研究方案的实施符合安徽医科大学第一附属医院的相关伦理要求,参与试验的患者均签署了“知情同意书”。

结果与结论:① 类解剖与类等长两组之间基线数据之间无显著性差异;髌股外侧角差值类解剖组(0.57±0.33)°<类等长组(1.55±0.36)°(P < 0.001);②类解剖组髌骨内侧、髌骨外侧、滑车软骨T2值均小于类等长对应值;③象限X%与髌股外侧角差值具有显著负相关性(R=-0.664,P < 0.01);象限Y%与髌股外侧角差值呈正相关(R=0.804,P < 0.01);髌股外侧角差值与滑车及髌骨外软骨T2值明显正相关(R=0.651,0.655,P < 0.01);滑车及髌骨外侧软骨T2值与术后Lysholm评分呈负相关(R=-0.505,-0.529,P < 0.01);象限Y%与髌骨外侧T2值高度相关(R=0.825,P < 0.01),与滑车软骨T2值显著相关(R=0.798,P < 0.01);象限X%与髌骨外侧及滑车软骨T2值呈显著负相关(R=-0.639,-0.657,P < 0.01);④结果说明,通过对单束前交叉韧带重建术后早期髌股关节改变的研究,发现类解剖重建相对于类等长重建后,髌股关节软骨退变程度和髌骨倾斜角度更小,要求手术者尽可能将股骨隧道中心点位置放置于类解剖位置,从而最大限度的减少髌股关节的退变。

ORCID: 0000-0001-7239-1280(林圆)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程


关键词:

前交叉韧带重建术, 髌股关节病, 髌骨倾斜角, T2弛豫图, 相关性分析

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that arthroscopic single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction can restore the forward stability of the knee joint, but the rotational stability of the knee joint and the matching degree with the patellofemoral joint are affected by the central position of the femoral and tibial tunnels.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the location of different femoral tunnel centers and patellofemoral articulation and cartilage conditions in young and middle-aged patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and to carry out the correlation analysis of patient study factors to further explore the location of the femoral tunnel with the least influence on the patellofemoral joint.

METHODS: Seventy patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture were diagnosed by preoperative MRI, physical examination and intraoperative arthroscopy. All patients were divided into quasi-isometric group and quasi-anatomical group according to the parity of random numbers. In the quasi-isometric group, a Kirschner needle was inserted 7 mm distal to the apex of the lateral wall of the intervertebral fossa using a femoral locator. In the quasi-anatomical group, the Kirschner needle was inserted at the lateral wall of the intercondylar fossa and at the foot print center of the original anterior cruciate ligament. The central coordinates of the femoral tunnel were evaluated on the near-far-front-rear plane based on a standardized grid system, while the central coordinates of the tibial tunnel was evaluated on the anterior-posterior-inner-outer plane, labeled as quadrant Y% and quadrant X%. By comparing the baseline data of patients in the two groups, the difference of lateral patellofemoral angle (LPFA), the difference of cartilage quantitative T2 value, and the correlation between various research factors, the surgical operators were further guided to carry out clinical practice. The implementation of the study protocol complied with the relevant ethical requirements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and all patients signed an informed consent form prior to the participation in the trial.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups, but a significant difference in LPFA existed between the two groups, (0.57±0.33)° in the quasi-anatomical group vs. (1.55±0.36)° in the quasi-isometric group (P < 0.001). The T2 values of medial patella, lateral patella and trochlear cartilage in the quasi-anatomical group were all smaller than the corresponding values of the quasi-isometric group. Quadrant X% had a significant negative correlation with LPFA difference (R=-0.664, P < 0.01). Quadrant Y% was positively correlated with LPFA difference (R=0.804, P < 0.01). The difference of LPFA was significantly positively correlated with T2 values of trochlear and patellar outer cartilage (R=0.651, 0.655, P < 0.01). T2 values of trochlea and lateral patella cartilage were negatively correlated with postoperative Lysholm score (R=-0.505, -0.529, P < 0.01). Quadrant Y% was highly correlated with T2 value of lateral patella (R=0.825, P < 0.01), and significantly correlated with T2 value of trochlear cartilage (R=0.798, P < 0.01). Quadrant X% was negatively correlated with T2 values of lateral patella and pulley cartilage (R=-0.639, -0.657, P < 0.01). By exploring the change of the patellofemoral joint at early stage after single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, we found that the quasi-anatomical reconstruction relative to the quasi-isometric reconstruction requires less patellofemoral articular cartilage degeneration and smaller patellar tilt angle. Therefore, the surgeon is required to local the center point of the femoral tunnel as far as possible at the quasi-anatomical position, thereby minimizing the degeneration of the patellofemoral joint.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, patellofemoral joint disease, patellar tilt angle, T2 relaxation figure, correlation analysis

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