中国组织工程研究 ›› 2017, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (15): 2336-2341.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2017.15.008

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

小剂量不同浓度罗哌卡因麻醉在老年膝髋关节置换中的效果

庞留成,赵 峰,杨建生,赵彦芬   

  1. 河南中医药大学第二附属医院麻醉科,河南省郑州市 450002
  • 出版日期:2017-05-28 发布日期:2017-06-07
  • 作者简介:庞留成,男,1965年生,河南省信阳市人,汉族,主治医师,2000年河南中医药大学毕业,主要从事麻醉与疼痛方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    河南省卫生厅科技攻关项目(A20140307)

Anesthetic effect of different concentrations of low-dose hypobaric ropivacaine in elderly knee or hip replacement  

Pang Liu-cheng, Zhao Feng, Yang Jian-sheng, Zhao Yan-fen   

  1. Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • Online:2017-05-28 Published:2017-06-07
  • About author:Pang Liu-cheng, Attending physician, Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Henan Province Hospital of TCM, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the Technologies Research and Development Program of Health Department of Henan Province,  No. A20140307

摘要:

文章快速阅读:
 

文题释义:
罗哌卡因:是一种单一对映结构体(S形)长效酰胺类局麻药,药物通过抑制神经细胞钠离子通道,阻断神经兴奋与传导。对运动神经的阻滞作用与药物浓度有关,浓度为0.2%对感觉神经阻滞较好,但几乎无运动神经阻滞作用;0.75%则产生较好的运动神经阻滞作用。
重比重罗哌卡因:正常成人脑脊液密度为1.003-1.009 g/mL,对于局部麻醉药物通常采用脑脊液或生理盐水进行配置。对于密度<1.000 g/mL溶液均属于轻比重,利用注射用水即可配置,对于重比重则需要10.0%葡萄糖配置。轻比重罗哌卡因在脑脊液中扩散更加均匀,适用于膝髋关节置换中,能减少对循环的不良影响。而对于重比重罗哌卡因虽然也可以行反侧麻醉,但是靶控性、针对性较差,难以达到预期的麻醉效果。

摘要
背景:老年膝髋关节置换中为了减轻围术期疼痛,给予罗哌卡因单侧腰-硬联合麻醉能取得预期的麻醉效果,但是选择何种浓度的小剂量轻比重效果成为研究的热点。
目的:探讨小剂量轻比重不同浓度罗哌卡因单侧腰-硬联合麻醉在老年膝髋关节置换中的麻醉及镇痛效果。
方法: 纳入2014年8月至2015年12月收治的老年膝髋关节置换患者90例,采用随机数字方法分为0.15%、0.5%及0.25%罗哌卡因组,各30例,分别以0.15%、0.5%及0.25%罗哌卡因在L3-4或L2-3间隙进行穿刺麻醉。
结果与结论:①0.25%罗哌卡因组平面消退时间及运动阻滞恢复时间低于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05),高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);0.25%罗哌卡因组运动阻滞起效时间长于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);短于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);0.15%罗哌卡因组平面消退时间及运动阻滞恢复时间短于0.5%罗哌卡因组 (P < 0.05);0.15%罗哌卡因组运动阻滞起效时间长于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);②0.25%罗哌卡因组麻醉后1,5,10 h及术后24 h目测类比评分低于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05),高于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);0.5%罗哌卡因组麻醉后1,5,10 h及术后24 h目测类比评分低于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);③3组麻醉后3,10,30 min及手术毕心率及平均血压水平均发生轻微波动,但是0.25%罗哌卡因组波动幅度最小;其次为0.15%罗哌卡因组,0.5%罗哌卡因组波动幅度最大;④0.25%罗哌卡因组麻醉后不良反应发生率,高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05),低于0.5%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);0.5%罗哌卡因组麻醉后不良反应发生率,高于0.15%罗哌卡因组(P < 0.05);⑤提示剂量为0.25%罗哌卡因3 mL能取得预期的麻醉效果。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-4952-0424(庞留成)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 罗哌卡因, 小剂量, 轻比重, 笔尖式腰穿针, 腰-硬联合麻醉, 老年膝髋关节置换, 目测类比评分, 麻醉镇痛效果

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Unilateral spinal epidural anesthesia with ropivacaine can reduce the perioperative pain in the elderly undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty, but choosing which concentration of small dose hypobaric ropivacaine is an issue of concern.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the anesthetic and analgesic effects of unilateral spinal epidural anesthesia with different concentrations of low dose hypobaric ropivacaine in senile knee or hip replacement.
METHODS: Ninety patients undergoing knee or hip replacement in the Henan Province Hospital of TCM from August 2014 to December 2015 were enrolled, and randomized into 0.15%, 0.5% and 0.25% ropivacaine groups (n=30 per group), followed by spinal epidural anesthesia at L3-4 or L2-3 lumbar interspace, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The order of the flat subsided time and motor block recovery time was as follows: 0.15% ropivacaine group < 0.25% ropivacaine group < 0.5% ropivacaine group; the onset time of motor block was longest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.5% ropivacaine group, and shortest in the 0.15% ropivacaine group (all P < 0.05). (2) The order of the visual analogue scale scores at 1, 5, and 10 hours after anesthesia and 24 hours postoperatively was as follows: 0.5% ropivacaine group < 0.25% ropivacaine group < 0.15% ropivacaine group (P < 0.05). (3) The change levels of heart rate and blood pressure were highest in the 0.5% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.15% ropivacaine group, and lowest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group. (4) The incidence of adverse events was highest in the 0.5% ropivacaine group, followed by 0.15% ropivacaine group, and lowest in the 0.25% ropivacaine group (P < 0.05). (5) To conclude, 3 mL of 0.25% ropivacaine exhibits desired anesthetic effect.

 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Anesthesia, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Tissue Engineering

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