中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (12): 2225-2232.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.12.020

• 生物材料学术探讨 biomaterial academic discussion • 上一篇    下一篇

新型医用敷料的分类及特点

李 晶,薛 斌   

  1. 重庆医科大学附属第一医院烧伤整形科,重庆市 400016
  • 收稿日期:2012-08-23 修回日期:2012-09-29 出版日期:2013-03-19 发布日期:2013-03-19
  • 通讯作者: 薛斌,博士,硕士生导师,副主任,副教授,重庆医科大学附属第一医院烧伤整形科,重庆市 400016 284112611@qq.com
  • 作者简介:李晶★,女,内蒙古自治区赤峰市人,汉族,重庆医科大学在读硕士,主要从事新型医用敷料的分类及应用方面的研究。 yixiantian999@163.com

Insight into new medical dressings: Classification and characteristics

Li Jing, Xue Bin   

  1. Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
  • Received:2012-08-23 Revised:2012-09-29 Online:2013-03-19 Published:2013-03-19
  • Contact: Xue Bin, Doctor, Master’s supervisor, Associate professor, Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China 284112611@qq.com
  • About author:Li Jing★, Studying for master’s degree, Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China yixiantian999@163.com

摘要:

背景:临床应用的多种新型创面敷料可加速创面修复,减少伤口感染,提高治愈率,缩短病程,减轻患者痛苦。
目的:回顾传统医用敷料及新型医用敷料的优缺点,展望新型医用敷料的临床应用及发展。
方法:应用计算机检索2003年1月至2006年8月PubMed数据库及2000年1月至2006年8月CNKI数据库有关医用敷料种类、特点及临床应用的研究,检索词为“Medical dressing,医用敷料”。
结果与结论:医用新型敷料分为薄膜类、水凝胶类、藻酸盐类、泡沫类、水胶体类、药用类敷料。薄膜类敷料透明,便于观察伤口,能密切黏附于创面表面,有效保持创面渗出液,提供有利于创面愈合的湿润环境,促使坏死组织脱落,减轻创面疼痛会,缺点为吸水性能欠佳。水凝胶类敷料能与不平整的创面紧密粘合,减少细菌滋生,加速新生血管生成,促进上皮细胞生长。水胶体类敷料比薄膜类敷料厚许多,胶层的厚度决定其吸收能力的大小,水胶体敷料可吸收少量到中量渗液,不适用于渗出液多的创面。泡沫类敷料具有多孔性,表面张力低,富有弹性,可塑性强、轻便,对渗出液的吸收力强,对氧气及二氧化碳几乎完全通透,可作为药物载体。新型藻酸盐类敷料比较柔软,容易折叠,敷贴方便,在创面上形成柔软类似凝胶的半固体物质,为创面提供一个湿润环境,提高表皮细胞的再生能力,加快表皮细胞移动。药用类敷料有保护创面、止痛、止血、消炎、促进新生肉芽组织及上皮细胞生长,加速创面愈合等功能。

关键词: 生物材料, 生物材料学术探讨, 医用敷料, 薄膜类敷料, 水凝胶类敷料, 藻酸盐类敷料, 泡沫类敷料, 愈合, 皮肤替代物, 综述文献

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The clinical application of a variety of new wound dressings can accelerate wound healing, reduce wound infection, improve the cure rate, shorten the course of the disease, and alleviate the suffering of patients.
OBJECTIVE: To review the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional wound dressings and the new medical dressings, and then to outlook clinical applications and development of new medical dressings.
METHODS: A computer-online search was performed in PubMed (2003-01/2006-08) and CNKI (2000-01/2006-08) databases to retrieve studies addressing types, characteristics, and clinical applications of medical dressings using the key words of medical dressing in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New medical dressings are divided into film, hydrogel, alginate salt, foam, hydrocolloid, and medicinal dressings. Transparent film dressings are characterized as: easy to observe the wound, closely adhering to the wound surface, effectively inhibiting the wound exudate, being in favour of moist environment for wound healing, promoting necrotic tissue loss, reducing wound pain. The shortcoming is poor water absorption. Hydrogel dressings can be tightly bonded with uneven wounds to reduce bacteria, accelerate angiogenesis and promote epithelial cell growth. A hydrocolloid dressing is much thicker than film dressing, and the thickness of its adhesive layer determines the size of its absorptive capacity. Hydrocolloid dressings can absorb small-to-moderate amount of wound exudate, which are not applicable to the wound with great amount of exudates. Foam dressings, presenting with porosity, low surface tension, strong elasticity and plasticity, have strong capacity of exudate absorption and are almost completely transparent for oxygen and carbon dioxide, which can be used as drug carriers. Alginate dressings, which are relatively soft and easy to fold and apply, can form a soft gel-like semi-solid substance on the wound, providing a moist environment for wound healing and improving the regeneration ability and migration of epidermal cells. Medicinal dressings can protect the wound and relieve pain, bleeding and inflammation to promote the growth of granulation tissue and epithelial cells, thereby accelerating wound healing.

Key words: biomaterials, biomaterial academic discussion, medical dressings, film dressings, hydrogel dressings, alginate dressings, foam dressings, healing, skin substitutes, review literature

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