中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (23): 3710-3715.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0309

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

有限元法分析0-6岁儿童枕寰枢复合体发育及其生物力学的变化特征

冯会梅1,2,王 星1,张少杰1,许阳阳2,苏宝科2,李 琨2,王海燕1,李筱贺1,李志军1   

  1. 1内蒙古医科大学基础医学院解剖学教研室,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059;2内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059
  • 出版日期:2018-08-18 发布日期:2018-08-18
  • 通讯作者: 李志军,教授,博士生导师,内蒙古医科大学基础医学院解剖学教研室,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010059
  • 作者简介:冯会梅,女,1990年生,甘肃省古浪县人,汉族,2016年甘肃省中医药大学毕业,主要从事脊柱与脊髓的数字化研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81260269,81560348,81660358);内蒙古高等学校科学研究项目(NJZC16108);内蒙古医科大学科技百万工程(2015YKDKJBW03,YKD2017KJBW009)

Development and biomechanical properties of occipital atlantoaxial complex in 0-6-year-old children: a finite element analysis  

Feng Hui-mei1, 2, Wang Xing1, Zhang Shao-jie1, Xu Yang-yang2, Su Bao-ke2, Li Kun2, Wang Hai-yan1, Li Xiao-he1, Li Zhi-jun1   

  1. 1Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 2Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Online:2018-08-18 Published:2018-08-18
  • Contact: Li Zhi-jun, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Feng Hui-mei, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81260269, 81560348 and 81660358; the Higher Education Research Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. NJZC16108; the Science and Technology Million Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University, No. 2015YKDKJBW03 and YKD2017KJBW009

摘要:

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文题释义:
枕寰枢复合体:枕寰枢复合体由C0-C2的寰枕关节、寰枢正中(寰齿关节)和外侧关节及C2-3的关节突关节、椎间盘与椎骨附件等构成。其作为连接颅脑与上颈椎的重要枢纽和力学桥梁,结构特殊、功能复杂,可灵活地满足头颈部多维运动并提供必要的力学支撑以保护生命中枢脑干及周围血管、神经等重要结构。
枕颈结合部畸形:泛指枕骨大孔区及上颈段发育异常,包括扁平颅底、颅底凹陷、小脑扁桃体下疝畸形(Arnold-Chiari畸形)、后颅窝狭窄、枕颈部Chiar畸形、先天性枕颈管卡压综合征、延髓被盖发育异常、枕大孔畸形、寰椎前、后弓不连、缺失(单侧和/或双侧)、寰椎枕骨化、寰枕融合、寰枢椎旋转畸形、齿突发育畸形(齿突缺如、发育不良和齿突小骨)、颈椎分节不全(Klippel-Feil综合征)及椎-基底动脉瘤相关疾病等等,这些畸形可单一或混合存在,绝大多数因胚胎异常生长发育所致,表现为枕颈不稳或寰枢椎不稳,常见的有短颈、斜颈、疼痛、活动受限和神经系统受压症状等多种临床表现。
 
摘要
背景:0-6岁儿童各类严重创伤、畸形、肿瘤、结核、炎症等均极易导致枕寰枢复合体区损伤。当出现损伤压迫延髓、上颈髓、诸多神经血管等危重情况时需手术矫治以恢复该区力学稳定,但鉴于该期儿童有不同于青少年和成人的发育特征,国内外学者对其前、后或侧路手术内固定器械方案设计、矫形固定和力学机制等至今仍无深入研究和统一认识。
目的:通过分析0-6岁儿童枕寰枢复合体区形态特征基础数据综述其形态发育规律和力学机制,将填充国人儿童该区发育形态学、影像学和微结构力学数据库,并为发育性、外伤性该区疾病的预防、诊治及内固定术器械设计、研发等提供理论依据。
方法:用计算机检索 2004 年1月至2017年12月 PubMed 数据库、中国知网及万方数据库的相关文章,英文检索词“0-6 years old,pediatric,occipital atlantoaxial complex,anatomy,biomechanical”; 中文检索词“0-6岁小儿,枕寰枢复合体,解剖,生物力学”,共检索到82篇相关文献,58篇文献符合纳入标准。
结果与结论:①0-6岁儿童寰枢椎及颅底复杂解剖结构更加细小且变异大、毗邻关系复杂,无法以成人或青少年螺钉内技术相关数据简单地应用于“非成人等比例缩小”的发育中幼儿,加之手术风险极高,故提高置钉的准确性和降低失误率已成为曾经“生命禁区”内固定能否普遍基层开展的关键所在;②0-6岁小儿枕寰枢复合体区严重损伤应内固定治疗,后路内固定是常用术式,因常合并多种畸形,各患儿的骨质结构差异大,内固定置钉更为困难。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0002-7349-2769(冯会梅)

关键词: 枕寰枢复合体, 解剖结构, 有限元, 影像学, 0-6岁儿童, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: All types of severe trauma, malformations, tumors, tuberculosis, and inflammation in 0-6 years old children can easily cause damage to the occipital atlantoaxial complex. When the injury compresses the medulla oblongata, the upper cervical cord, nerves, and blood vessels, surgical correction is needed to restore the mechanical stability of the area. Given that this period of children have different development characteristics from adolescents and adults, the design of internal fixators through anterior, posterior or lateral approaches, orthopedic fixation and mechanical mechanism have not been studied in-depth and unified at home and abroad.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphological development and mechanical mechanism of occipital atlantoaxial complex morphological characteristics in children aged 0-6 years, and to enrich the database of developmental morphological, imaging, and microstructural mechanics of Chinese, and to provide reference for prevention, diagnosis of the disease and treatment and internal fixation device design, research and development.
METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases was performed for the articles published between January 2004 and December 2017. The keywords were “0-6 years old, pediatric, occipital atlantoaxial complex, anatomy, biomechanical” in English and Chinese, respectively. Eighty-two articles were retrieved, and 58 articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The complex anatomy of the vertebral and skull bases in Children aged 0-6 years is more subtle and highly variable, and the adjacent relationship is complex. Therefore, the adult or juvenile screw-related technical data cannot be applied in developing children, and the surgical risk is very high. Thus, improving the accuracy of nail placement and reducing the error rate have become the key for whether internal fixation can be widely utilized in the occipital atlantoaxial complex surgeries. (2) The severe injury of occipital atlantoaxial complex in 0-6 years old children should be treated with internal fixation, and posterior internal fixation is a commonly used method. Because accompanied with a variety of deformities, and the bone structure is different among children, internal fixation becomes very difficult. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Finite Element Analysis, Atlanto-Axial Joint, Atlanto-Occipital Joint, Child, Biomechanics, Tissue Engineering

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