中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3709-3716.doi: 10.12307/2026.653

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

3D打印仿生生物陶瓷支架修复颌骨缺损的特点与策略

熊嘉颖,沈洁仪,吕佳虹   

  1. 暨南大学口腔医学院,广东省广州市  510632
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09 接受日期:2025-07-05 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 吕佳虹,博士,讲师,主治医师,暨南大学口腔医学院,广东省广州市 501632
  • 作者简介:熊嘉颖,女,2003年生,汉族,广东省东莞市人,主要从事口腔生物材料学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目(2023A04J1286),项目负责人:吕佳虹;广州市基础研究计划市校联合资助专题项目(2025A03J3457),项目负责人:吕佳虹

Characteristics and strategies of 3D-printed biomimetic bioceramic scaffolds for repairing jaw defects

Xiong Jiaying, Shen Jieyi, Lyu Jiahong   

  1. School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-09 Accepted:2025-07-05 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-15
  • Contact: Lyu Jiahong, PhD, Lecturer, Attending physician, School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Xiong Jiaying, School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou, No. 2023A04J1286 (LJH); Guangzhou Basic Research Plan City-School Joint Funding Special Project, No. 2025A03J3457 (LJH)

摘要:

文题释义:
仿生生物陶瓷支架:一种基于生物体结构特征设计、兼具生物活性与力学适配性的陶瓷基人工骨修复材料,核心在于通过仿生学原理模拟天然骨组织的多级结构及功能特性,以生物陶瓷为基质,结合3D打印技术构建具有多孔、梯度或异质拓扑的支架体系。
颌骨缺损修复:颌骨缺损具有解剖结构复杂、修复难度大等特点。颌骨缺损的修复重建治疗是口腔颌面外科领域常见的治疗技术,现有修复策略包括天然骨移植和人工骨移植。

背景:3D打印仿生结构陶瓷支架因可个性化定制、生物相容性优异及成骨活性突出,成为颌骨缺损修复的理想选择。
目的:系统综述仿生结构3D打印仿生生物陶瓷支架在颌骨修复中的研究进展。
方法:检索PubMed数据库及中国知网建库至2025年的文献,中文检索词为“3D打印,支架,仿生,生物陶瓷,颌骨修复”,英文检索词为“3D printing, scaffold,bionic,biomimetic,ceramic,maxillofacial repair,jaw repair”,筛选后纳入68篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:颌骨缺损修复需兼顾解剖形态重建与功能性恢复,3D打印仿生生物陶瓷支架通过仿生设计(如孔隙结构、力学适配)可精准匹配缺损区域,生物活性与骨传导性显著优于传统移植材料(如自体骨)。特定仿骨结构(如骨小梁模拟)和自然界启发的仿生结构可增强支架的颌骨整合效率。当前3D打印仿生陶瓷支架在颌骨修复中的研究仍处于起步阶段,初步验证了该支架的机械稳定性与生物安全性,但长期降解动力学、免疫反应及大规模临床应用的可行性仍需深入探索。
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9785-5633(熊嘉颖)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 颌骨缺损, 3D打印, 仿生结构, 生物陶瓷, 支架, 骨修复, 增材制造, 生物活性

Abstract: BACKGROUND: 3D-printed biomimetic bioceramic scaffolds, characterized by personalized design, superior biocompatibility, and osteogenic potential, represent an ideal solution for jaw defect repair.
OBJECTIVE: To systematically review recent advances in 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds with biomimetic structures for jaw repair.
METHODS: Literature searches were conducted on PubMed and CNKI from database inception to 2025 using Chinese and English search terms “3D printing, scaffold, bionic, biomimetic, ceramic, maxillofacial repair, jaw repair.” Sixty-eight relevant articles were included for critical analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Jaw defect repair requires balancing anatomical restoration and functional recovery. 3D-printed biomimetic bioceramic scaffolds, through designs such as gradient porosity and mechanical adaptation, precisely match defect morphology, outperforming traditional grafts (e.g., autologous bone) in bioactivity and osteoconductivity. Osteomimetic structures (e.g., trabecular bone simulation) and bioinspired hierarchical architectures enhance osseointegration efficiency. The current research on 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds in jaw repair is still in its infancy. While initial studies confirm mechanical stability and biosafety, long-term degradation kinetics, immune responses, and clinical scalability require further investigation. 


Key words: maxillofacial defect, 3D printing, biomimetic structure, bioceramic, scaffold, bone repair, additive manufacturing, bioactivity

中图分类号: