中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (18): 3784-3790.doi: 10.12307/2025.681

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

不同拉伸方式对健康人膝关节肌肉力量及垂直纵跳表现的即刻影响

赵禹涵1,李亚梅2,闫士芳1,姜华北1   

  1. 1河北体育学院,河北省石家庄市  050000;2河北中医药大学,河北省石家庄市  050299


  • 收稿日期:2024-06-17 接受日期:2024-08-05 出版日期:2025-06-28 发布日期:2024-11-27
  • 通讯作者: 姜华北,博士,副教授,河北体育学院,河北省石家庄市 050000
  • 作者简介:赵禹涵,河北省保定市人,硕士,讲师,主要从事体育教学与训练方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北省体育局体育科技科研课题(2024QT05),项目负责人:赵禹涵

Immediate effects of different stretching methods on knee joint muscle strength and vertical jump performance of healthy adults

Zhao Yuhan1, Li Yamei2, Yan Shifang1, Jiang Huabei1   

  1. 1Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; 2Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050299, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-17 Accepted:2024-08-05 Online:2025-06-28 Published:2024-11-27
  • Contact: Jiang Huabei, PhD, Associate professor, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Zhao Yuhan, MS, Lecturer, Hebei Sport University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Sports Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Provincial Sports Bureau, No. 2024QT05 (to ZYH)

摘要:

文题释义:
静/动态拉伸:静态拉伸主要通过降低肌肉肌腱单元刚度和增加拉伸耐受能力,有效增强肌肉柔韧性和关节灵活性;动态拉伸则可以通过肌肉的激活后增强效应,有效提高肌肉力量及运动表现。
原动/拮抗肌:原动肌是指在完成特定动作时起主要作用或产生主要力量的肌肉,主要负责产生必要的力量来完成运动;而拮抗肌则是在关节上进行相反运动的肌肉,即在原动肌收缩时起到阻碍或减缓原动肌作用的肌肉。原动肌和拮抗肌共同工作,以控制关节的运动并提供必要的稳定性和控制力。

背景:静态拉伸可有效改善关节运动幅度,而动态拉伸通过肌肉的激活后增强效应,有效提高肌肉力量及运动表现。
目的:探讨不同类型的拉伸方式对膝关节肌肉力量及垂直纵跳表现产生的即刻影响,为寻求最佳拉伸方案、提高运动表现、预防训练损伤提供理论支撑。
方法:随机招募30名健康大学生,采用Biodex等速肌力测试仪、Qualisys红外动作捕捉系统及AMTI三维测力台分别采集股四头肌/腘绳肌静态拉伸、股四头肌/腘绳肌动态拉伸、股四头肌动态/腘绳肌静态拉伸、股四头肌静态/腘绳肌动态拉伸后的膝关节肌肉力量及垂直纵跳数据,利用膝关节峰值力矩、平均功率、纵跳高度、垂直地面反作用力峰值及关节运动幅度评估膝关节肌肉力量及垂直纵跳表现。
结果与结论:①与股四头肌/腘绳肌静态拉伸相比,股四头肌/腘绳肌动态拉伸可显著提高膝关节峰值力矩、平均功率及纵跳高度(P < 0.05),股四头肌动态/腘绳肌静态拉伸和股四头肌静态/腘绳肌动态拉伸分别提高伸膝和屈膝峰值力矩和平均功率(P < 0.05);②与股四头肌/腘绳肌静态拉伸相比,股四头肌静态/腘绳肌动态拉伸后的第二垂直地面反作用力峰值显著下降(P < 0.05);股四头肌/腘绳肌动态拉伸后的下肢关节运动幅度显著增加(P < 0.05);③提示即刻的原动肌/拮抗肌动态拉伸和原动肌动态/拮抗肌静态拉伸可显著提高膝关节肌肉力量、垂直纵跳表现及关节运动幅度;较大的运动幅度有利于提高运动表现,并在着地时更好地吸收地面冲击力;同时,原动肌动态/拮抗肌静态拉伸对膝关节肌肉力量的提升效果优于原动肌/拮抗肌动态拉伸,原动肌静态拉伸/拮抗肌动态拉伸有利于提高垂直纵跳落地时的能量吸收能力,降低落地时损伤的风险。
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4636-1559(赵禹涵)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 动态拉伸, 静态拉伸, 原动肌, 拮抗肌, 膝关节等速肌力, 垂直纵跳, 组织化工程构建

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Static stretching effectively improves joint motion amplitude, dynamic stretching effectively improves muscle strength and athletic performance through the post-activation strengthening effect of the muscles.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the immediate effects of different stretching methods on knee joint muscle strength and vertical jump performance, and provide theoretical support for seeking the best stretching plan, improving sports performance, and preventing training injuries. 
METHODS: Thirty healthy college students were randomly recruited. The Biodex isokinetic muscle strength system, Qualisys infrared motion capture system, and AMTI three-dimensional force measurement platform were used to collect knee joint muscle strength and vertical jump data after static quadriceps/hamstring stretching, dynamic quadriceps/hamstring stretching, dynamic quadriceps/ static hamstring stretching, and static quadriceps/dynamic hamstring stretching. The peak torque, average power, vertical jump height, peak vertical ground reaction force, and joint motion amplitude of the knee joint were used to evaluate the muscle strength and vertical jump performance of the knee joint. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the static quadriceps/hamstring stretching, dynamic quadriceps/hamstring stretching significantly increased knee joint peak torque, average power, and vertical jump height (P < 0.05); dynamic quadriceps/static hamstring stretching and static quadriceps/dynamic hamstring stretching significantly increased knee extension and flexion peak torque and average power (P < 0.05). Compared with static quadriceps/hamstring stretching, second peak vertical ground reaction force significantly decreased after static quadriceps/dynamic hamstring stretching (P < 0.05); lower limb joint motion amplitude significantly increased after dynamic quadriceps/hamstring stretching (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that immediate agonists/antagonistic muscle dynamic stretching and agonists dynamic stretching/antagonistic muscle static stretching significantly improve knee joint muscle strength, vertical jump performance, and joint motion amplitude. A larger joint motion amplitude is beneficial for improving athletic performance and better absorbing ground impact during landing. At the same time, agonists muscle dynamic stretching/antagonistic muscle static stretching is better than agonists/antagonistic muscle dynamic stretching to improve knee joint muscle strength, and agonists muscle static stretching/antagonistic muscle dynamic stretching is beneficial for improving the energy absorption capacity during vertical jumping and reducing the risk of injury during landing. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: dynamic stretching, static stretching, agonist muscle, antagonistic muscle, knee joint isokinetic muscle strength, vertical jump, tissue engineering construction


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