中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 4924-4930.doi: 10.12307/2025.100

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡促进神经元轴突的伸长

孙海涛1,任春朋1,杨永涛1,黄永辉2,秦入结1,李  震1   

  1. 1连云港市第一人民医院,江苏省连云港市   222000;2江苏大学附属医院,江苏省镇江市   212000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25 接受日期:2024-06-18 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 秦入结,硕士,主任医师,连云港市第一人民医院,江苏省连云港市 222000; 共同通讯作者:李震,硕士,医师,连云港市第一人民医院,江苏省连云港市 222000
  • 作者简介:孙海涛,1994年生,江苏省宿迁市人,2021年江苏大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事细胞外囊泡及神经再生方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    连云港市第一人民医院青年英才基金(QN2205),项目负责人:孙海涛;江苏省镇江市科技项目(SH2020053),项目负责人:黄永辉

Ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles promote neuronal axonal elongation

Sun Haitao1, Ren Chunpeng1, Yang Yongtao1, Huang Yonghui2, Qin Rujie1, Li Zhen1   

  1. 1First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-25 Accepted:2024-06-18 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2024-09-28
  • Contact: Qin Rujie, Master, Chief physician, First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China; Co-corresponding author: Li Zhen, Master, Physician, First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Sun Haitao, Master, Physician, First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Youth Talent Project of First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, No. QN2205 (to SHT); Scientific Research Project of Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu Province, No. SH2020053 (to HYH)

摘要:

文题释义:

细胞外囊泡:细胞释放至细胞膜外的具有膜结构的囊泡统称,包括外泌体、微粒和凋亡小体等,其内含蛋白质、核酸等多种生物活性分子,参与细胞间通讯,在细胞迁移、分化和机体免疫调节等方面起到重要作用。  
轴突伸长:神经元或类神经元细胞轴突长度的延长及生长。

摘要
背景:神经元轴突损伤可致神经功能障碍,促进轴突伸长有望在神经系统疾病治疗中发挥重要作用。
目的:探究外胚层间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡(ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles,EMSC-EVs)能否促进神经元轴突伸长。
方法:①组织贴壁法获取鼻黏膜来源外胚层间充质干细胞,免疫荧光鉴定特异性标志物;超速离心法获取EMSC-EVs并进行鉴定;②EMSC-EVs(0,0.5,1.0,1.5 mg/mL)与PC12细胞共孵育72 h,CCK-8分析EMSC-EVs对PC12细胞的细胞毒性及增殖作用;③EMSC-EVs(1.0 mg/mL)与PC12细胞或神经元共孵育72 h,显微镜下观察轴突长度变化,实时荧光定量PCR及Western blot分析轴突相关标志物微管蛋白β3(早期)、生长相关蛋白43(中期)和神经丝蛋白200(成熟)表达变化,以探究EMSC-EVs是否能够促进PC12细胞或神经元轴突伸长。

结果与结论:①所获取外胚层间充质干细胞大部分呈长梭形,少数呈不规则形,高表达间充质干细胞特异性标记物Nestin、CD44及Vimentin;所获取EMSC-EVs符合细胞外囊泡的生物学标准;②在0.5-1.5 mg/mL质量浓度范围内,EMSC-EVs促进PC12细胞增殖,且随浓度增加而增强;③EMSC-EVs促进PC12细胞及神经元轴突长度增加,促进轴突相关标志物微管蛋白β3、生长相关蛋白43和神经丝蛋白200的表达。这些结果说明,EMSC-EVs能够促进神经元轴突伸长。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3821-2995 (孙海涛) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 神经元, PC12细胞, 细胞外囊泡, 轴突伸长, 微管蛋白β3, 生长相关蛋白43, 神经丝蛋白200

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of neuronal axonal injury can result in neurological dysfunction, and the facilitation of axonal elongation is anticipated to play a pivotal role in the treatment of diseases affecting the nervous system.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles can promote neuronal axonal elongation.
METHODS: (1) Ectomesenchymal stem cells were obtained from nasal mucosa using the tissue adherence method, and the specific markers of were identified through immunofluorescence. Ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles were acquired via ultracentrifugation and identified. (2) Ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 mg/mL) were incubated with PC12 cells for 72 hours. The cytotoxicity and proliferation of ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles on PC12 cells were assessed using the CCK-8 assay. (3) Ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (1.0 mg/mL) were incubated with PC12 cells or neurons for 72 hours. The changes in axon length were observed using microscopic analysis. The expression levels of axon-related markers β3-tubulin (early stage), growth associated protein 43 (middle stage), and neurofilament 200 (mature stage) were analyzed through real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blotting. These investigations aimed to explore the potential of ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles in promoting neurite elongation within PC12 cells or neurons. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The majority of the acquired ectomesenchymal stem cells exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, while a minority displayed irregular shapes, and demonstrated high expression levels of mesenchymal stem cell-specific markers Nestin, CD44, and Vimentin. The obtained ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles fulfilled the biological criteria for extracellular vesicles. (2) Within the detected protein concentration range of 0.5 to 1.5 mg/mL, the proliferation of PC12 cells was promoted by ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles, and this effect was further enhanced with increasing concentrations. (3) Ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles increased the length of axons in PC12 cells and neurons and the expression of axon-related markers β3-tubulin, growth associated protein 43, and neurofilament 200. Above findings suggest that ectomesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles have the potential to enhance neuronal axonal elongation. 

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, neuron, PC12 cell, extracellular vesicle, axonal elongation, β3-tubulin, growth associated protein 43, neurofilament 200

中图分类号: