中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 4899-4906.doi: 10.12307/2025.095

• 造血干细胞 hematopoietic stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血

温建芸,陈丽白,何岳林,冯晓勤,刘  璇,徐肖肖,李  秀,刘秋君,吴学东   

  1. 南方医科大学南方医院儿科,广东省广州市   510515
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-07 接受日期:2024-05-31 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 吴学东,主任医师,博士生导师,南方医科大学南方医院儿科,广东省广州市 510515
  • 作者简介:温建芸,女,1987年生,江西省赣州市人,汉族,2014年南方医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事儿童血液病、化疗及造血干细胞移植相关临床工作及研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金企业联合基金项目(2022A1515220153),项目名称:基于三代测序平台的地中海贫血全面诊断体系的研发与应用,项目负责人:吴学东

Human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh cord blood transplantation for beta-thalassaemia major in children

Wen Jianyun, Chen Libai, He Yuelin, Feng Xiaoqin, Liu Xuan, Xu Xiaoxiao, Li Xiu, Liu Qiujun, Wu Xuedong   

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-12-07 Accepted:2024-05-31 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2024-09-28
  • Contact: Wu Xuedong, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wen Jianyun, Master, Attending physician, Department of Pediatrics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Enterprise Joint Fund Project of Guangdong Province, No. 2022A1515220153 (to WXD)

摘要:

文题释义:

异基因造血干细胞移植:是将供者的骨髓细胞或外周血细胞注入受者体内,以代替患者失去功能的病态造血细胞和受损的免疫系统,主要用于治疗恶性血液病、实体瘤等疾病,如急性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、再生障碍性贫血、多发性骨髓瘤、脑瘤等。
β重型地中海贫血:是由于调控β珠蛋白的基因缺陷,导致β珠蛋白合成障碍的严重溶血性贫血。患儿出生时无症状,多于婴儿期(多在6个月内)开始出现症状,呈慢性进行性贫血,面色苍白、肝脾肿大、发育不良,常有轻度黄疸,发病年龄愈早病情愈重。严重的慢性进行性贫血需依靠输血维持生命,三四周输血1次,随年龄增长日益明显。

摘要
背景:异基因造血干细胞移植是目前根治重型地中海贫血最有效的方法,然而仅有不到一半的患者能找到相合的骨髓或外周血干细胞。同胞来源脐血干细胞与骨髓和外周血干细胞具有不同的特征,是重型地中海贫血患者移植治疗的一种潜在造血干细胞替代来源。
目的:探讨应用人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血的疗效。
方法:选择2010年6月至2020年6月南方医科大学南方医院收治的β重型地中海贫血患儿48例,男28例,女20例,中位年龄4岁,均接受人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗,脐血移植前均采用清髓性不含抗胸腺细胞球蛋白的预处理方案,脐血移植后均采用环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯+/-短程甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病。
结果与结论:①48例患儿输注的总有核细胞中位数为8.17×107/kg,输注的CD34+细胞中位数为2.40×105/kg,脐血移植后中位随访时间98个月,44例植入成功,粒细胞和血小板植入中位时间分别为28 d和31 d,其中37例移植后植入证据检测为供者型完全嵌合,7例移植后早期检测为供受者稳定混合嵌合;②44例植入成功患儿中,4例发生急性移植物抗宿主病,分别为Ⅰ级(n=2)和Ⅱ级(n=2),受累器官均为皮肤,均未发生慢性移植物抗宿主病;③脐血移植后,48例患儿中5例发生巨细胞病毒感染及激活,12例发生败血症,3例发生侵袭性真菌病,21例发生口腔炎,8例发生出血性膀胱炎,1例发生肝静脉闭塞;④48例患儿中,47例存活,1例在移植后28 d因重症肺炎合并急性心力衰竭死亡,43例无病存活,3例发生原发性植入失败,1例发生移植后全血细胞减少,5年总生存率和无病生存率分别为98%和89%,1年时移植相关死亡的累计发病率为2.1%;⑤结果显示,人类白细胞抗原相合同胞新鲜脐血移植治疗儿童β重型地中海贫血的效果良好,移植物抗宿主病的发生风险低。

关键词: 异基因造血干细胞移植, 新鲜脐血移植, β重型地中海贫血, 移植物抗宿主病, 儿童

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the most effective method for the radical treatment of thalassemia major, but only half of patients can find compatible bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cells. Sib-derived umbilical cord blood stem cells have different characteristics from bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, and are a potential alternative source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation in patients with thalassemia major.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect of human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children. 
METHODS: Forty-eight children with β-thalassemia major, including 28 males and 20 females, with a median age of 4 years old, were selected from Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University from June 2010 to June 2020. All of them received fresh cord blood transplantation from human leukocyte antigen matched sibling. Transplantation conditioning adopted a myeloablative regiment without anti-thymocyte globulin. A combination of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil with or without short-range methotrexate was administered for graft-versus-host disease. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The median infused doses of total nucleated cells and CD34+ cells were 8.17×107/kg and 2.40×105/kg, respectively in 48 children. The median follow-up time after cord blood transplantation was 98 months, and 44 cases were successfully engrafted. The median time to neutrophil and platelet engraftment was 28 and 31 days, respectively. Among them, 37 cases were found to be donor-type complete chimerism detected as evidence of implantation after transplantation, 7 cases were found to be stable mixed chimerism. (2) Among the 44 children with successful implantation, four patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease, and were scored as grade I (n=2) and grade II (n=2). All the affected organs were skin, and no chronic graft-versus-host disease occurred. (3) After umbilical cord blood transplantation, cytomegalovirus infection and activation occurred in 5 of the 48 cases, sepsis in 12 cases, invasive fungal disease in 3 cases, stomatitis in 21 cases, hemorrhagic cystitis in 8 cases, and hepatic vein occlusion in 1 case. (4) Among 48 children, 47 patients survived; 1 died of severe pneumonia combined with acute heart failure 28 days after transplantation; 43 survived without disease; 3 had primary implantation failure, and 1 had pancytopenia after transplantation. The 5-year probabilities of overall survival and disease-free survival were 98% and 89%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of transplant-related deaths at 1 year was 2.1%. (5) The above results indicate that human leukocyte antigen matched sibling fresh umbilical cord blood transplantation is effective in the treatment of β-thalassemia major in children with a low incidence of graft-versus-host disease.

Key words: allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, fresh cord blood transplantation, β-thalassaemia major, graft-versus-host disease, child

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