中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 4993-5001.doi: 10.12307/2025.093

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

体外实验中压应力对细胞的作用和影响

闫鹏安1,蔡逸帆1,闫振兴1,魏雨乔1,耿  彬1,2,3,夏亚一1,2,3   

  1. 1兰州大学第二临床医学院,甘肃省兰州市   730000;2兰州大学第二医院,甘肃省兰州市   730000;3甘肃省骨科临床研究中心,甘肃省兰州市   730000
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-26 接受日期:2024-05-24 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 亚一,博士,主任医师,兰州大学第二临床医学院,甘肃省兰州市 730000;兰州大学第二医院,甘肃省兰州市 730000;甘肃省骨科临床研究中心,甘肃省兰州市 730000
  • 作者简介:闫鹏安,男,1998年生,甘肃省平凉市人,汉族,兰州大学在读硕士,主要从事运动医学、骨质疏松与细胞力学相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82060405,81874017),项目负责人:夏亚一;国家自然科学基金项目(81960403),项目负责人:耿彬

Role and influence of compressive stress on cells in vitro

Yan Pengan1, Cai Yifan1, Yan Zhenxing1, Wei Yuqiao1, Geng Bin1, 2, 3, Xia Yayi1, 2, 3   

  1. 1Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 2Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; 3Orthopedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2024-03-26 Accepted:2024-05-24 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2024-09-30
  • Contact: Xia Yayi, PhD, Chief physician, Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China; Orthopedic Clinical Research Center of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Yan Pengan, Master candidate, Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82060405, 81874017 (to XYY); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960403 (to GB)

摘要:

文题释义:

压应力:是指对物体产生压缩趋势的应力。一个圆柱体两端受压,那么沿着它轴线方向所受到的力被称为压应力,文章重点关注了微观层面细胞受到的压应力。
细胞:是承担生命活动的最小单元,细胞的生命活动受到包括激素、细胞因子、机械力等多种刺激的调控,从而产生不同的生物学应答。 

摘要
背景:沃尔夫定律指出,机体缺乏机械应力会导致骨组织的微结构退化、质量损失和代谢紊乱,并最终导致骨质疏松症,这提示机械应力在骨组织生长、重建及成形中具有重要作用。目前机械应力对成骨细胞的相关研究主要集中在流体剪切力上,但其在体内干预较为困难,同时有研究发现压应力在一定程度上也可以起到与流体剪切力类似的作用,探究压应力在体外对细胞的作用方式和影响,可以丰富机械应力与细胞的相互作用关系,有助于为包括骨质疏松在内的代谢性骨病和其他疾病的研究提供理论依据。
目的:综述体外实验中压应力对细胞的施加方式、引起细胞产生不同的生物学行为、可能的作用信号途径以及未来可能应用的领域。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据库2000年1月至2024年3月发表的相关文献,中文检索词为“压应力,机械应力,静水压力,细胞”,英文检索词为“compressive stress,mechanical stress,hydrostatic pressure,cell”。纳入压应力作用于细胞的基础研究及微观机制研究,最终对纳入的63文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①压应力的施加方式多样,不同实验设备对细胞加载压应力的方式不尽相同,需要进一步规范实验设备和标准化力学单位,减少混杂因素,使不同实验组之间具有参考性和可比性;②压应力可引起细胞增殖、分化、自噬、凋亡、迁移等变化,且在多数情况下压应力的作用效果具有时间或剂量依赖性;③目前大部分体外实验研究表明,压应力可能主要是通过MAPK信号途径、Wnt/β-catenin信号通路作用于成骨细胞,引起成骨细胞产生不同的应答;④压应力可对不同细胞产生不同的作用效果,还需要进一步研究其对不同组织的生物学作用;⑤对压应力的更深入研究有助于为骨科、口腔、肿瘤等疾病的治疗提供理论依据,利用静水压力进行温和消毒是一种前景巨大的消毒手段。

关键词: 成骨细胞, 压应力, 机械应力, 生物力学, 细胞实验, 信号通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Wolff’s law points out that the lack of mechanical stress in the body will lead to the degradation of the microstructure of bone tissue, mass loss, and metabolic disorders, and eventually lead to osteoporosis, which suggests that mechanical stress plays an important role in the growth, reconstruction, and formation of bone tissue. At present, the relevant studies concerning mechanical stress on osteoblasts mainly focus on fluid shear force, but it is difficult to intervene in vivo. Meanwhile, some studies have found that compressive stress can also play a similar role in fluid shear force to a certain extent. Exploring the mode of action and influence of compressive stress on cells in vitro experiments can enrich the interaction relationship between mechanical stress and cells. It helps provide a theoretical basis for studies of metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis, and other diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To review in vitro experiments, the application of compressive stress to cells, different biological behaviors caused by cells, the possible signaling pathways, and possible future applications.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases from January 2000 to March 2024 to include all articles related to compressive stress on cells, including basic research and microscopic mechanism studies, using search terms “compressive stress, mechanical stress, hydrostatic pressure, cell” in Chinese and English. Finally, the 63 included articles were reviewed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There are various ways to apply compressive stress, and different experimental equipment has different ways of pressurizing cells, so it is necessary to further standardize the experimental equipment, standardize the pressurization unit, reduce the confounding factors, and make the reference and comparability between different experimental groups. (2) Compressive stress can cause changes in cell proliferation, differentiation, autophagy, apoptosis, migration, etc., and the effect of compressive stress is time- or dose-dependent in most cases. (3) At present, most in vitro experimental studies have shown that compressive stress may mainly act on osteoblasts through MAPK signaling pathway and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, causing osteoblasts to produce different responses. (4) The effect of compressive stress on different cells is not the same, and its possible biological effects need to be studied. (5) Further research on compressive stress is helpful to provide a theoretical basis for treatment in orthopedics, stomatology, tumors and other fields, and gentle disinfection using hydrostatic pressure is a promising disinfection method.

Key words: osteoblast, compressive stress, mechanical stress, biomechanics, cell experiment, signaling pathway

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