中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (23): 4907-4914.doi: 10.12307/2025.086

• 干细胞外泌体 Stem cell exosomes • 上一篇    下一篇

小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道

王  丹,朱小军,李志成,李  娜   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学附属医院泌尿外科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010050
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-21 接受日期:2024-05-20 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2024-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 朱小军,博士,教授,主任医师,内蒙古医科大学附属医院泌尿外科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010050
  • 作者简介:王丹,女,1984年生,汉族,博士,主治医师,主要从事肾肿瘤方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81960131),项目负责人:王丹

Construction of tissue engineered urethra by combining acellular matrix with exosomes in small intestinal submucosa

Wang Dan, Zhu Xiaojun, Li Zhicheng, Li Na   

  1. Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-12-21 Accepted:2024-05-20 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2024-09-28
  • Contact: Zhu Xiaojun, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Dan, MD, Attending physician, Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81960131 (to WD)

摘要:

文题释义:

外泌体:是一种直径为30-100 nm的微小囊泡,具有脂质双层膜结构,可被大多数细胞分泌,其能良好地反映来源细胞的功能,并且稳定性优于细胞本身。
小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质:将小肠黏膜下层下层经过脱细胞工艺完全去除了带有个体差异的实质细胞,保留了丰富的蛋白多糖、胶原蛋白和纤维粘连蛋白与多种生长因子,具有良好的组织相容性,已被临床与基础研究证实可用于尿道的修复重建。

摘要
背景:小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质已被临床与基础研究证实可用于尿道的修复重建,但其单独应用时存在宿主细胞生长缓慢、支架血管化不足而成活困难、重建尿道狭窄梗阻等问题,仅适用于较短的尿道狭窄。
目的:探讨应用小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质复合外泌体构建组织工程尿道的可行性。
方法:从新西兰大白兔骨髓间充质干细胞中分离提取外泌体;制备猪小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,将外泌体负载于小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质上。将小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体(PKH26染料标记)复合物与脐静脉内皮细胞共培养12 h,观察细胞摄取外泌体情况。选取生长状态良好的脐静脉内皮细胞,分3组培养:空白组常规培养,对照组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,实验组加入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,通过划痕实验、成管实验、血管生成因子分泌检测评估血管生成情况。取30只新西兰大白兔,建立长段(3 cm)尿道缺损模型,采用随机数字表法分3组干预(n=10):单独材料组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质,对照组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-骨髓间充质干细胞复合物,实验组植入小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体复合物,植入后12周进行尿道造影、尿动力学检查及重建尿道切片病理观察。

结果与结论:①荧光显微镜下可见小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质中的外泌体可被脐静脉内皮细胞摄取。②与空白组、对照组相比,实验组材料可促进脐静脉内皮细胞的迁移、成血管能力以及成血管因子血管内皮生长因子、肝细胞生长因子、白细胞介素8的分泌(P < 0.05)。③尿道造影结果显示,单独材料组10只兔均出现尿道狭窄,对照组10只兔中2只出现尿道狭窄,实验组10只兔均未出现尿道狭窄。尿动力检查结果显示,单独材料组兔材料植入后12周的最大尿道压高于术前(P < 0.05),对照组、实验组兔植入后12周的最大尿道压均低于空白组(P < 0.05)。苏木精-伊红、Masson与免疫组化染色显示,单独材料组可见明显的再生上皮层、少量的皮下平滑肌与血管,以纤维组织增生为主,伴有明显炎性细胞浸润;对照组可见较完整的再生上皮与少量胶原,可见大量的皮下血管与平滑肌,伴有炎性细胞浸润;实验组可见完整的再生上皮层与大量的皮下血管、平滑肌,未见明显炎性细胞浸润,实验组AE1/AE3、ɑ-平滑肌肌动蛋白、CD31阳性表达均高于单独材料组、对照组(P < 0.05)。④结果表明,小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质-外泌体组织工程尿道可通过促进血管生成来修复尿道缺损。

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2926-5167 (王丹) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 尿道损伤, 尿道狭窄, 小肠黏膜下层脱细胞基质, 细胞外基质, 外泌体, 组织工程尿道

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix has been proven by clinical and basic studies to be useful for urethral repair and reconstruction. However, when applied alone, it has problems such as slow growth of host cells, difficulty in survival due to insufficient stent vascularization, and obstruction of reconstructed urethral stricture, and is only suitable for short urethral stricture.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of constructing tissue engineered urethra with acellular matrix combined with exosomes in small intestinal submucosa.
METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The porcine small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix was prepared, and exosomes were loaded on the porcine small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix. The extracellular stroma-exosome (PKH26 dye labeled) complex of small intestinal submucosa was co-cultured with umbilical vein endothelial cells for 12 hours to observe the uptake of exosomes. The umbilical vein endothelial cells with good growth status were selected and cultured in three groups: the blank group was cultured routinely. The control group was added with small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix, and the experimental group was added with small intestinal submucosal acellular stromat-exosome complex. The angiogenesis was evaluated by scratch test, tube formation test, and angiogenic factor secretion test. Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were selected to establish a long (3 cm) urethral defect model, and the intervention was divided into three groups by random number table method (n=10). The single material group was implanted with small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix. The control group was implanted with small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell complex. The experimental group was implanted with small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix-exosome complex. Urethrography, urodynamic examination, and pathological observation of reconstructed urethral sections were performed 12 weeks after implantation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes in the acellular matrix of small intestinal submucosa could be taken up by umbilical vein endothelial cells under the fluorescence microscope. (2) Compared with the blank group and the control group, the experimental group could promote the migration of umbilical vein endothelial cells, angiogenesis ability, and the secretion of angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and interleukin 8 (P < 0.05). (3) Urethrography results showed that all 10 rabbits in the single material group had urethral stenosis; 2 out of 10 rabbits in the control group had urethral stenosis, and none of the 10 rabbits in the experimental group had urethral stenosis. The results of urodynamic examination showed that the maximum urethral pressure at 12 weeks after implantation was higher in the single material group than before surgery (P < 0.05), and the maximum urethral pressure at 12 weeks after implantation was lower in the control group and the experimental group than in the blank group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin, Masson and immunohistochemical staining showed that in the single material group, there were obvious regenerated epidermis, a small amount of subcutaneous smooth muscle and blood vessels, mainly fibrous tissue hyperplasia, accompanied by obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. In the control group, there were more complete regenerated epithelium and a small amount of collagen, a large number of subcutaneous blood vessels and smooth muscle, accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. The experimental group showed complete regenerated epidermis, a large number of subcutaneous blood vessels and smooth muscle, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The positive expressions of AE1/AE3, alpha smooth muscle actin, and CD31 in the experimental group were higher than those in the single material group and the control group (P < 0.05). (4) The results show that the small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix-exosome tissue engineered urethra can repair the urethral defect by promoting angiogenesis.

Key words: urethral injury, urethral stenosis, small intestinal submucosal acellular matrix, extracellular matrix, exosome, tissue engineered urethra

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