中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 3326-3333.doi: 10.12307/2024.093

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

人工膝关节中胫骨髓内柄的结构设计

曹雪坤1,董万鹏1,董跃福2,张  震1,张吉超1,李佳意1,苏德君1,马洪浩1   

  1. 1上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院,上海市   201620;2徐州医科大学附属连云港医院,江苏省连云港市   222061
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-20 接受日期:2023-06-28 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 董万鹏,博士,副教授,上海工程技术大学材料科学与工程学院,上海市 201620
  • 作者简介:曹雪坤,男,1996年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,上海工程技术大学在读硕士,主要从事材料成型及数值模拟方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31670956),项目负责人:董跃福

Structural design of tibial intramedullary stem of artificial knee joint

Cao Xuekun1, Dong Wanpeng1, Dong Yuefu2, Zhang Zhen1, Zhang Jichao1, Li Jiayi1, Su Dejun1, Ma Honghao1   

  1. 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China; 2Lianyungang Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang 222061, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-20 Accepted:2023-06-28 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Dong Wanpeng, PhD, Associate professor, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • About author:Cao Xuekun, Master candidate, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31670956 (to DYF)

摘要:


文题释义:

数值模拟:也叫计算机模拟。依靠电子计算机,结合有限元或有限容积的概念,通过数值计算和图像显示的方法,达到对工程问题和物理问题乃至自然界各类问题研究的目的。
应力遮挡:是指当2种或者多种具有不同刚度的材料共同承载外力时,刚度较高的材料将会承担较多的载荷,而刚度较低的材料则只承载较低的载荷。


背景:伴随着社会进步,面对社会人口中快速发展的老龄化问题,膝骨关节炎发病率越来越高,全膝关节置换手术量逐渐增加。

目的:通过对胫骨假体基座进行改进,研究假体尺寸与应力遮挡间的关系。
方法:选择1例患有重度膝骨关节炎的女性患者,以Mimics为基础,通过提取膝关节骨骼结构模拟全膝关节置换手术,进行截骨、定位、置入操作,建立全膝关节置换假体(包含股骨假体、胫骨托、胫骨衬垫)的几何模型,对胫骨假体基座进行改进设计,分析不同胫骨假体基座对周围骨组织应力遮挡的影响。

结果与结论:①与单柄胫骨髓内柄假体相比,四桩胫骨髓内柄假体设计在短桩周围会造成一定的应力遮挡,但是与较粗大的单个长柄相比,这种应力遮挡作用明显减小,并由4个短桩来均匀分担负荷,因而在桩底部不会造成应力集中;②中部有矩形孔的设计,不仅能提供相对好的稳定性,并且在一定程度上还有利于减少松质骨的应力遮挡,减少率达77.5%;③与单柄胫骨髓内柄假体相比,四桩胫骨髓内柄假体和中部有孔的四桩胫骨髓内柄假体都有很好的稳定性,可以在一定程度上减少应力遮挡,不会造成应力集中,为胫骨髓内柄的设计提供理论指导。

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0999-5866(曹雪坤)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 结构设计, 膝关节, 胫骨基座, 数值模拟, 假体设计, 应力遮挡, 人工关节, 胫骨髓内柄

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With social progress, the incidence rate of knee osteoarthritis is getting higher and higher in the face of the rapidly developing aging problem in the social population, and the number of total knee replacement operations is gradually increasing.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between prosthesis size and stress shielding by improving the tibial prosthesis base.
METHODS: A female patient with severe knee osteoarthritis was selected. Based on Mimics, through extracting the bone structure of the knee joint and simulating the total knee replacement surgery, osteotomy, positioning, and implantation operations were carried out to establish the geometric modeling of the total knee replacement prosthesis (including the femoral prosthesis, tibial bracket, and tibial pad), and improve the design of the tibial prosthesis base, analyze the effect of different tibial prosthesis bases on stress shielding of surrounding bone tissue.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with single-stem tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis, the design of four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis created a certain degree of stress shielding around the short stem. However, compared with a thicker single long stem, this stress shielding effect was significantly reduced, and the load was evenly distributed among the four short stems, so there was no stress concentration at the bottom of the pile. (2) The design with a rectangular hole in the middle not only provided relatively good stability, but also helped to reduce stress shielding of cancellous bone to a certain extent, with a reduction rate of 77.5%. (3) Compared with a single-stem tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis, both the four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis and the four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis with a hole in the middle have good stability, which can reduce stress shielding to a certain extent without causing stress concentration, providing theoretical guidance for the design of the tibial intramedullary stem. 

Key words: structure design, knee joint, tibial base, numerical simulation, prosthesis design, stress shielding, artificial joint, tibial intramedullary stem

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