中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (31): 4949-4953.doi: 10.12307/2023.684

• 骨科植入物 orthopedic implant • 上一篇    下一篇

髂嵴和股骨大转子相对解剖位置特点对髓内钉置入的影响

李  静1,2,平瑞月3,张国旭1,2,谢骐骏1,2,王中豪1,2,王海洲3,陈海云3,祁  冀1,3,4   

  1. 1广州中医药大学第二临床医学院,广东省广州市   510006;2广州中医药大学,广东省广州市    5104052;3广东省中医院,广东省广州市   510120;4中国中医科学院望京医院,北京市   100020
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-08 接受日期:2022-10-18 出版日期:2023-11-08 发布日期:2023-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 祁冀,博士,博士后,医师,广东省中医院骨科,广州市 510120;广东省中医院,广东省广州市 510120;中国中医科学院望京医院,北京市 100020 陈海云,主任医师,教授,硕士生导师,广东省中医院骨科,广东省广州市 510120
  • 作者简介:李静,女,1994年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,广州中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广东省基础与应用基础研究基金区域联合基金项目(20201910240000337),项目负责人:祁冀;中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M690757),项目负责人:祁冀

Effects of relative anatomical position characteristics between the iliac crest and femoral greater trochanter on intramedullary nail placement

Li Jing1, 2,  Ping Ruiyue3, Zhang Guoxu1, 2,  Xie Qijun1, 2,  Wang Zhonghao1, 2,  Wang Haizhou3, Chen Haiyun3, Qi Ji1, 3, 4   

  1. 1The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; 2Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China; 3Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China; 4Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China
  • Received:2022-08-08 Accepted:2022-10-18 Online:2023-11-08 Published:2023-01-31
  • Contact: Qi Ji, PhD, Postdoctoral Fellow, Physician, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China; Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100020, China Chen Haiyun, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Li Jing, Master candidate, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong Province, China; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Regional Joint Fund Project, No. 20201910240000337 (to QJ); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (General Project), No. 2021M690757 (to QJ)

摘要:


文题释义:

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉:专属于亚洲人群解剖结构,外侧面削平设计便于主钉插入,具有5°外偏角,可允许从大转子顶点置入,弹性尖端便于主钉置入,避免远端局部应力集中。
髂嵴:是髂骨翼的上缘,其前端的突起称髂前上棘,其后端的突起称髂后上棘,左右髂嵴的最高点连线平第4腰椎棘突;或者L3和L4之间。髂嵴点为髂嵴向外最突出的点。
股骨大转子:是股骨颈和股骨干连接处外上方的方形隆起部位,位于髋关节外侧体表,可以用手触及的骨性隆起。

背景:股骨近端抗旋髓内钉在临床上被广泛用于治疗股骨转子间骨折,准确的置钉角度和位置可有效提高手术成功率,降低内固定相关并发症发生率。
目的:基于放射学测量,分析髂嵴和股骨大转子之间相对解剖位置对髓内钉置入的可能影响。
方法:收集广东省中医院骨科门诊87名正常成人标准骨盆正位片,其中男50名,女37名,年龄(43.72±14.45)岁,共174个髋关节,测量双侧髂嵴连线(La)和双侧股骨大转子连线(Lb)距离,髂嵴和大转子连线与骨盆中轴线的夹角(∠1),股骨解剖轴与骨盆中轴线的夹角(∠2)和颈干角(∠3)。在骨盆正位片上经髂嵴外侧缘做骨盆水平线的垂线,根据股骨大转子在垂线内外区分股骨大转子的显露程度,在线外为Ⅰ组(52个髋关节,显露程度大),在线内为Ⅱ组(122个髋关节,显露程度小);髂嵴遮挡角度Δ1=|∠1-∠2|,再根据股骨近端抗旋髓内钉具有5°外偏角分组,Δ1≤5°为Ⅱa组(66个髋关节),Δ1> 5°为Ⅱb组(56个髋关节)。

结果与结论:①Ⅰ组的La、La/Lb、Δ1值均小于Ⅱ组(P < 0.05),Ⅱa组的La/Lb值大于Ⅱb组(P < 0.05),Ⅰ组的Δ1值大于Ⅱa组(P < 0.05)、小于Ⅱb组(P < 0.05),Ⅱb组的Lb值小于Ⅰ组(P < 0.05)、大于Ⅱa组(P < 0.05);②结果显示,骨盆宽度相对于双侧股骨大转子之间的距离越小,遮挡程度越小,越易进钉;髂嵴遮挡程度越小,越利于进钉;有相当一部分人群存在髂嵴遮挡情况,如果术前发现髂嵴遮挡明显,术中摆体位时在维持解剖复位的前提下可以考虑适当增大内收程度,便于进钉,这对于临床操作具有指导意义。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-6282 (李静) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 解剖学, 髂嵴, 股骨大转子, 髓内钉, X射线片

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Proximal femoral nail anti-rotation is widely used in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. Accurate screw placement angle and position can effectively improve the success rate of surgery and reduce the incidence of internal fixation-related complications. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relative anatomical positional relationship between the iliac crest and the greater trochanter of femur on intramedullary nail placement based on radiological measurements.
METHODS: 174 hip joints were examined in 87 normal adult pelvic anteroposterior radiographs in Orthopedic Clinic of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine. There were 50 males and 37 females at the age of (43.72±14.45) years. The distance between bilateral iliac crest line (La) and bilateral femoral trochanter line (Lb) was measured. The angle with the median pelvic axis (∠1), the angle between the anatomical axis of the femur and the median axis of the pelvis (∠2), and the neck-shaft angle (∠3) were measured. On the pelvic anteroposterior radiograph, the vertical line of the horizontal line of the pelvis was made through the lateral margin of the iliac crest. The exposure of the greater trochanter of the femur was distinguished according to the degree of exposure of the greater trochanter of the femur inside and outside the vertical line. Group I (52 hip joints, with a large degree of exposure) was outside the line, and Group II (122 hip joints, with a small degree of exposure) was inside the line. The iliac crest occlusion angle was Δ1=|∠1-∠2|, and according to the proximal femoral nail anti-rotation with a 5° proximal lateralization angle was grouped, with Δ1≤5° as group IIa (66 hips), and Δ1>5° as group IIb (56 hips). 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The values of La, La/Lb and Δ1 in Group I were lower than those in Group II (P < 0.05); the value of La/Lb in Group IIa was higher than that in Group IIb (P < 0.05); the value of Δ1 in Group I was higher than that in Group IIa (P < 0.05) and lower than that in Group IIb (P < 0.05); the value of Lb in Group IIb was lower than that in Group I (P < 0.05) and higher than that in Group IIa (P < 0.05). (2) The results showed that the smaller the distance between the pelvic width and the bilateral femoral trochanters, the smaller the degree of occlusion, and the easier it was to enter the nail. The smaller the degree of iliac crest occlusion, the better for nail insertion was. There are quite a few people with iliac crest occlusion. If it is found that the iliac crest occlusion is obvious before the operation, it can be considered to increase the degree of adduction appropriately to facilitate nail insertion on the premise of maintaining anatomical reduction during positioning, which has guiding significance for clinical operation. 

Key words: anatomy, iliac crest, greater trochanter, intramedullary nail, X-ray film

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