中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (29): 4612-4619.doi: 10.12307/2023.671

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

不同模量植入假体与周围骨间的应力分析

邵翌鑫1,2,关天民1,朱  晔1,林  冰3,郭重阳1,潘  婷4   

  1. 1大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁省大连市   116028;2北华大学机械工程学院,吉林省吉林市   132021;3大连市口腔医院,辽宁省大连市   116021;4青岛科技大学高分子科学与工程学院,山东省青岛市   266061
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-04 接受日期:2022-09-21 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 朱晔,博士,讲师,大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁省大连市 116028
  • 作者简介:邵翌鑫,男,1988年生,吉林省吉林市人,汉族,2015年意大利米兰理工大学毕业,硕士,讲师,主要从事3D打印可变杨氏模量植入假体的研究。

Stress analysis between implant prostheses with different moduli and surrounding bones

Shao Yixin1, 2, Guan Tianmin1, Zhu Ye1, Lin Bing3, Guo Chongyang1, Pan Ting4   

  1. 1School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China; 2Mechanical Engineering College, Beihua University, Jilin 132021, Jilin Province, China; 3Dalian Stomatological Hospital, Dalian 116021, Liaoning Province, China; 4School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2022-08-04 Accepted:2022-09-21 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: Zhu Ye, PhD, Lecturer, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Shao Yixin, Master, Lecturer, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, Liaoning Province, China; Mechanical Engineering College, Beihua University, Jilin 132021, Jilin Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

植入假体:此文中所提到的植入假体,特指用于修复骨缺损的多孔结构填充物,该类植入假体按照孔隙类型不同可以分为规则孔隙多孔结构植入假体和不规则孔隙多孔结构植入假体,多孔结构有助于降低植入假体的宏观弹性模量,并且其中的孔隙还有助于周围的骨骼和细胞长入其中,提高植入假体与周围骨骼的稳定性。
应力遮挡:当两种及两种以上不用弹性模量的材料共同承担载荷时,其中弹性模量值较高的材料之上会集中更多的应力,反之弹性模量值较低的材料之上会有较少的应力。在植入假体修复骨缺损治疗过程中,常因植入假体的弹性模量值过高导致应力更多集中在植入假体之上,而骨重建理论中,当骨骼受力过低时会发生骨组织吸收,导致植入假体与骨骼连接强度下降甚至出现植入假体脱落的情况。

背景:应力遮挡效应会导致植入假体修复骨缺损手术失败,其主要原因是由于植入假体的弹性模量大于骨组织弹性模量。
目的:分析植入假体弹性模量对应力分布的影响,寻求消除应力遮挡现象的方法。
方法:通过CT扫描的方式获取实验犬与人体骨组织的模型,分别对其优化后进行梯度赋值,建立较为可靠的骨骼力学模型,并与植入假体组合后进行有限元仿真。首先,通过对比格犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型及其对应的植入假体进行有限元仿真,模拟了不同弹性模量对植入假体修复术后的应力和位移分布情况;其次,分析了较小弹性模量差仍会形成应力遮挡现象的原因,建立了骨骼模型及植入假体模型,确立了材料属性赋予方法;最后,验证了该模型及材料属性赋予方法的可行性,并通过随机选取受力点的方式,定量分析植入假体弹性模量与骨骼弹性模量之间的关系对应力遮挡形成的影响。
结果与结论:通过梯度赋值法建立与骨骼力学性质更加接近的实验犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型,该方法重建的力学模型与真实骨骼的力学性质更为接近;通过有限元仿真力学测试证明,不同弹性模量植入假体对假体本身与周围骨骼间相对位移的影响较小;另外量化弹性模量对假体植入骨骼后对应力分布的影响,可为后续的相关研究提供帮助。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0090-9949 (邵翌鑫)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 应力遮挡, 骨骼模型, 生物力学仿真, 梯度赋值, 弹性模量

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stress shielding can lead to the failure of implant prostheses to repair bone defects, mainly due to the fact that the elastic modulus of the implant is greater than that of the surrounding bone tissues.  
OBJECTIVE: To explore methods for eliminating the stress shielding by analyzing the influence of the elastic modulus of the implanted prosthesis on the stress distribution.
METHODS: The bone tissue models of experimental canine and human bone tissues were obtained by CT scanning, and then were optimized. The gradient assignment was performed to establish a reliable bone mechanics model, and the finite element simulation was performed after the combination with the implanted prosthesis. First, the finite element simulation of experimental canine and human bone tissues and the corresponding implanted prosthesis was performed to simulate the distribution of stress and displacement of prosthesis with different elastic moduli after prosthesis implantation. Second, the reasons for the stress shielding even with small elastic modulus differences were analyzed. The bone and implant prosthesis models were established, and a method for assigning material properties was established. Finally, the feasibility of the model and material property assignment method was verified, and the influence of the relationship between the elastic modulus of the implanted prosthesis and the elastic modulus of the bone on the formation of stress shielding was quantitatively analyzed by randomly selecting the stress points.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mechanical properties of bone models of experimental canine and human bone tissues established by gradient assignment method are close to the actual bones. The finite element simulation mechanics test proved that the implantation of different elastic modulus had less effect on the relative displacement between the prosthesis itself and the surrounding bones. Moreover, quantifying the effects of elastic moduli on the stress distribution after implantation of the prosthesis into the bone will contribute to the research in the future.

Key words: stress shielding, bone model, biomechanical simulation, gradient assignment, elastic modulus

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