中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (31): 4921-4927.doi: 10.12307/2022.727

• 骨髓干细胞 bone marrow stem cells •    下一篇

骨髓间充质干细胞线粒体损伤影响其成骨分化的潜能

顾  超1,2, 陈维凯1,2,刘  滔1,杨惠林1,2,何  帆1,2   

  1. 1苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市   215006;2苏州大学骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市   215007
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-04 接受日期:2021-12-15 出版日期:2022-11-08 发布日期:2022-04-24
  • 通讯作者: 何帆,博士,研究员,博士生导师,苏州大学附属第一医院骨科,江苏省苏州市 215006;苏州大学骨科研究所,江苏省苏州市 215007
  • 作者简介:顾超,男,1994 年生,江苏省苏州市人,汉族,在读硕士,主要从事干细胞、组织工程和再生医学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31771063),项目负责人:何帆;国家自然科学基金(82072476),项目负责人:刘滔;江苏省自然科学基金(BK20191173),项目负责人:刘滔

Mitochondrial dysfunction affects osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

Gu Chao1, 2, Chen Weikai1, 2, Liu Tao1, Yang Huilin1, 2, He Fan1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Institute of Orthopedics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-04 Accepted:2021-12-15 Online:2022-11-08 Published:2022-04-24
  • Contact: He Fan, PhD, Researcher, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Gu Chao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Orthopedics, Soochow University, Suzhou 215007, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31771063 (to HF); National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82072476 (to LT); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, No. BK20191173 (to LT)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨髓间充质干细胞:是一种具有多种分化潜能的多能基质细胞,尤其是其成骨分化潜能,在骨形成和骨质疏松的发生发展中扮演着重要角色。由于氧化应激和代谢障碍等原因,骨质疏松患者的骨髓间充质干细胞和健康人的骨髓间充质干细胞相比,其成骨分化能力严重受损,这也直接导致了骨形成的减少。
线粒体:在干细胞的分化过程中,能量代谢扮演着重要角色,线粒体是公认的细胞内能量代谢中心,健康的线粒体功能有助于维持骨髓间充质干细胞的多能性。线粒体对能量代谢的调控和细胞内氧化应激平衡的维持,在骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化过程中至关重要。

背景:骨质疏松症的发生与细胞抗氧化系统的损伤密切相关,而线粒体是细胞内能量代谢和氧化应激发生的主要部位。线粒体的损伤对于骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化有何影响及其具体机制尚未明确,有待进一步探索。
目的:探讨高水平的氧化应激对线粒体功能及其抗氧化能力的影响,以及线粒体损伤对于骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化潜能的影响。
方法:通过卵巢去势手术构建大鼠骨质疏松模型。从去卵巢组和假手术组雌性大鼠股骨中分离出骨髓间充质干细胞,分别使用活性氧检测试剂盒以及MitoSOX Red荧光检测试剂盒测定骨髓间充质干细胞内和线粒体内的活性氧水平,随后利用JC-1荧光探针检测细胞的线粒体膜电位水平,使用ATP检测试剂盒检测细胞的ATP产量,分析两者的线粒体功能变化,使用qPCR和Western blot实验检测细胞内呼吸链关键基因以及抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶2的mRNA和蛋白的表达,最后对两组骨髓间充质干细胞进行14 d的成骨诱导,采用茜素红染色和qPCR分析成骨相关基因的表达。
结果与结论:①去卵巢组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞内存在着高水平的氧化应激,同时线粒体内的超氧化物也维持着高水平;②去卵巢组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的线粒体膜电位和ATP含量都有明显下降,线粒体功能受到损害;③去卵巢组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的呼吸链受损和超氧化物歧化酶2的表达下降;④去卵巢组大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化潜能下降;⑤结果表明,骨质疏松来源骨髓间充质干细胞内的氧化应激水平升高,线粒体功能受损,最终导致成骨分化潜能下降。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5532-9298 (顾超)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 骨质疏松, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 氧化应激, 线粒体损伤, 成骨分化, 超氧化物歧化酶2

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The occurrence of osteoporosis is closely related to the damage of cellular antioxidant system, and mitochondria is the main part of cellular energy metabolism and oxidative stress. The effect of mitochondrial injury on the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its specific mechanism remain to be explored.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of high level of oxidative stress on mitochondrial function and antioxidant capacity, and the effect of mitochondrial injury on the osteogenic differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:  The rat model of osteoporosis was established by ovariectomy. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from femurs of female rats in ovariectomized group and sham operation group. Reactive oxygen species detection kits and MitoSOX Red fluorescent probe were used to detect reactive oxygen species levels in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and mitochondria. Subsequently, JC-1 fluorescent probe was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential level of the two kinds of stem cells. ATP production was measured by the ATP detection kit. The changes of mitochondrial function were analyzed in both groups. qPCR and western blot assay were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of key genes of respiratory chain and antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 in two kinds of stem cells. Finally, the two groups of stem cells were subjected to osteogenic induction for 14 days. Alizarin red staining and qPCR were utilized to determine osteogenic related gene expression.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) There was high oxidative stress level in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of the ovariectomized group, and the superoxide in the mitochondria also maintained a high level. (2) The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were decreased significantly, and the mitochondrial function was impaired in the ovariectomized group. (3) In the ovariectomized group, the respiratory chain was damaged and the expression of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 was decreased in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. (4) The osteogenic differentiation potential of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was decreased in the ovariectomized group. (5) These findings confirm that the level of oxidative stress in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from osteoporosis is increased, and the mitochondrial function is impaired, which ultimately leads to the decrease of osteogenic differentiation potential of stem cells.

Key words: osteoporosis, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, osteogenic differentiation, superoxide dismutase 2

中图分类号: