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19 February 2010, Volume 14 Issue 8 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Application of tissue engineered bioactive periosteum in lumbar intertransverse process fusion in rabbits Bai Deng-yan, Yuan Zhi-guo, Zhao Lin, Xia Ya-yi 2010, 14 (8):  1331-1335.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.001 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (458KB) ( 391 )   Save BACKGROUND: Posterior spinal fusion is a process of bone fusion under special anatomical and biological effects, which affects by many factors. With the development of bone tissue engineering, in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum provides a new approach for solving this problem. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of in vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum in treating lumbar intertransverse process fusion in rabbits.  METHODS: In vitro constructed tissue engineered bioactive periosteum was implanted into lumbar intertransverse process of 24 healthy adult New Zealand rabbits. Three different materials were implanted into 3 transverse process gaps (Left L 4,5,6, Right L 4,5,6) of each animal. Namely, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined pig small intestine submucosa (SIS) were implanted into the right L4,5 of rabbits in the composite scaffold group; pure SIS was implanted into the right L 5,6 of rabbits in the pure scaffold group; and autogeneic ilium was implanted into the left L 5,6 of rabbits in the autogeneic ilium group. All rabbits were sacrificed at 12 weeks after operation to perform gross, imaging and histological observation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gross observation showed that there had no significant difference between the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, but the difference was significant compared with the pure scaffold group. Imaging observation showed that the trabeculae was formed in lumbar intertransverse of rabbits in the composite scaffold and autogeneic ilium groups, however, no bone density could be seen in the pure scaffold group. Type I collagen and osteocalcin were strong positive expressed in the composite scaffold group, which had obvious difference to the autogeneic ilium group. No positive expression could be found in the pure scaffold group. It suggested that tissue engineered bioactive periosteum constructed by BMSCs combined with SIS is a well alternative to autogenous graft materials for spinal fusion. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material on fracture healing of rabbits Zeng Qing, Huang Guo-zhi, Liang Dong-hui, Deng Hong-zhu, Yi Yan-kui, Zhou Yu, Wu Wei-wei, Fan Tao 2010, 14 (8):  1336-1340.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.002 Abstract ( 154 )   PDF (529KB) ( 536 )   Save BACKGROUND: External preparations treatment of fractures in traditional Chinese medicine are mostly ordinary hard-paste, cream, ointment, which lack of modernized traditional Chinese medicine transdermal delivery systems, and the treatment has poor drug absorption and simple process. The treating procedure needs to be used repeatedly, which would affect fracture external fixation and lead to unsatisfactory therapeutic effect. In this paper, the external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine was combined with advanced micro-nano-technology to develop a new medical complex functional materials–micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material, which is an organic combination of diaplasis, fixation and local drug remedy, which provides a better treatment for fractures. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material on the healing of fracture in rabbits. METHODS: After model preparation, rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: rabbits in the micron group were treated with micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material plus plaster external fixation; those in the traditional Chinese medicine control group were treated with ordinary Chinese medicine functional material plus plaster external fixation; those in the lining material control group were treated with ordinary lining material added plaster external fixation; those in the natural healing control group had no special treatments. The effect of fracture healing was evaluated by X-ray at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after modeling. The serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus was detected respectively before modeling and at 2, 4 and 6 weeks after modeling. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  ①X-ray examination: After 6 weeks the external callus was almost completely absorbed and medullary cavity was completely recanalized in the micron group, while fracture line disappeared and the external callus began to be absorbed and medullary cavity was not recanalized in the traditional Chinese medicine control group. Additionally, there were cases of non-union stump hardening in natural healing group. ②Serum biochemistry: The activity of alkaline phosphatase reached a peak after 2 weeks in micron group, which was 2 weeks ahead of time compared with that in traditional Chinese medicine control group. And the peak concentration of alkaline phosphatase in micron group was higher than other groups. After 4 weeks serum calcium concentration started to fall significantly and phosphorus concentration started to rise significantly in micron group, as was statistically significant compared with other groups. After 6 weeks serum calcium concentration in micron group had fallen to normal level, while that in other groups was higher than normal. And phosphorus concentration in micron group increased significantly, which was statistically significant compared with natural healing group. The results demonstrated that micron feature traditional Chinese medicine lining material can enhance the activity of alkaline phosphatase, decrease the serum concentration of calcium and increase the serum concentration of phosphorus and the product of calcium and phosphorus, therefore, promote the healing of fracture. It shows that micron traditional Chinese medicine functional lining material plays a stronger effect on promoting the healing of fracture than that of ordinary Chinese medicine functional lining material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing rabbit femur bone defects by porous silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite combined with adipose-derived stromal cells Shi Yong-yi, Wang Gen-lin, Yang Hui-lin, Lu Shen-zhou, Zhang Ya, Cai Xin 2010, 14 (8):  1341-1344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.003 Abstract ( 112 )   PDF (484KB) ( 408 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin derived from silk had a good biocompatibility and biodegradation, which could be used for biomaterials to improve cell adhesion and growth abilities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite (SF/HA) compounded of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) on repairing bone defects. METHODS: Adipose tissues were derived from epididymis of 2-month-old New Zealand rabbits and trypsogen-passaged to obtain ADSCs. The third-passage ADSCs at the concentration of 1×10/ L were placed on SF/HA scaffold. Three hours later, the composite was cultured with DMEM culture media containing 1 μmol/L dexamethasone, 50 μmol/L vitamin C, and 10 mmol/L β-sodium glycerophosphate. Thirty-six rabbits were induced cancellated bone defect sizing 4.5 mm × 4.5 mm × 10 mm. The composite group was implanted with SF/HA/ADSCs scaffold, the simple group was implanted with SF/HA scaffold, but any treatment was employed in the blank control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks, general observation demonstrated that the bone defects were repaired entirely in composite group and partly in simple group. However, the bone defect was not repaired in the blank control group. X-ray and histological observation suggested that at 12 weeks the bone defects were repaired entirely in composite group and partly in simple group. The quantity of the newly formed bone in the composite group was significantly more than that in the simple group (P < 0.05). Repair showed no effect in the blank control group. SF/HA/ADSCs composite could successfully repair bone defects of a rabbit femur, and the effect was superior to SF/HA scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro evaluation of biodegradable cardiac tissue engineering polyurethane scaffold Sui Run-qian, Han Jian, Zhou Jian-ye, Hu Sheng-Shou, Zhou Xin-min, Feng Zeng-guo 2010, 14 (8):  1345-1348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.004 Abstract ( 116 )   PDF (334KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: In vitro construction of tissue engineered cardiac muscle becomes a hot spot in recent years, and the selection and design of scaffold is the key link. However, there is lack of ideal cardiac tissue engineering scaffold material. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the novel biodegradable polyurethane in vitro, and to discuss the feasibility of polyurethane as cardiac tissue engineeru scaffold. METHODS: A new type polyurethane (PV-Lys) was synthesized using diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate as hard segment and lysine as expand chain. The tensile and suture strength were tested in vitro respectively, hydrolytic degradation was carried out in phosphate buffer saline of pH 7.4 at 37 ℃, and cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT measurement and morphological observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tensile strength of the polyurethane was up to (8.1±0.1) MPa, and the suture strength was (12.2±0.8) N. The average value of the mass loss of PV-Lys was (13.1±0.3)% at 8 weeks of in vitro hydrolytic degradation. MTT assay results showed that the cytotoxic grade of the novel PV-Lys was 0-1. Cell morphology observation showed that the L929 cells were spindle-shaped or triangular with good stretch. This PV-Lys scaffold is with favorable mechanical property, cytocompatibility, biodegradable property, which meets the requirements of tissue engineering application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of tissue-engineering heart valve scaffold with three cell detergents Li Zheng-qing, Ma Jie 2010, 14 (8):  1349-1352.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.005 Abstract ( 135 )   PDF (381KB) ( 440 )   Save BACKGROUND: The method and effect of construction of tissue-engineering heart valve scaffold with cell detergents are different, and the method of detergent combining with the trypsase and nuclease is more suitable than others. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different detergents (sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecylsulfate, and triton) combined with trypsase on decellularized porcine heart valve and the influence on the accellular scaffold. METHODS: Porcine aortic valve leaflets were sterilized by antibiotics for 12 hours, maintained in the solution of the trysin and the EDTA for 12 hours, and treated with sodium deoxycholate, sodium dodecylsulfate, and triton. Finally, the sample was dip in nuclease solution for 12 hours to remove endothelial cells and interstitial cells. HE staining was used to detect whether the endothelial cells were removed completely, Masson staining was used to evaluate damage level of collagen fiber and elastic fiber, and electronic scanning was used to observe the microstructure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All the three detergents completely removed the endothelial cells; however, the effect of sodium deoxycholate on collagen fiber and elastic fiber was light, and then sodium dodecylsulfate and triton. This suggested that the method of DOA combining with the enzyme digestion was a suitable technique to construct tissue-engineering heart valve scaffold. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro evaluation of platelet activation by tubular biomaterials Xu Jian-xia, Wang Chun-ren, Xi Ting-fei 2010, 14 (8):  1353-1356.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.006 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (360KB) ( 424 )   Save BACKGROUND: In according to ISO-10993-4 and GB/T 16886.4, the in vitro hemo-compatibility evaluation on biomaterials includes thrombosis, coagulation factors, platelets and platelet functions, hematology and complement system. However, in the case of China, the in vitro hemo-compatibility evaluations were performed only thrombosis, coagulation factors and platelet attachment, the investigation on evaluation of platelet and complement activations is less reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride and polymethylvinylsiloxane tubes on platelet activation, and establish a useful method to evaluate the effect of tubular materials on platelet activation. METHODS: Tubes of polyethylene, polyvinyl chlorid and silastic were established by 3.7 mm inner diameter, 3.5 mm external diameter, and 35 cm length, respectively. 1 mL blood was injected into the tube of polyethylene, polyvinyl chlorid and silastic, respectively. The tubes were connected using a two-way tube, shaken at 140 r/min by 30° sloping for 3.5 hours at 37 ℃. Radioimmunoassay was employed to detect α-granules protein level of platelet poor plasma, while flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of positive platelet of α-granules protein and that of activated gpⅡb/Ⅲa composite. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radioimmunoassay showed that α-granules protein level of platelet poor plasma in the polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid tubes was significantly greater than that in the silastic tube (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in α-granules protein between polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid (P > 0.05). Flow cytometry indicated that percentage of positive platelet of α-granules protein in the polyethylene and polyvinyl chlorid tubes was significantly greater than that in the silastic tube (P < 0.05); the percentage in the polyethylene tube was significantly greater than that in the polyvinyl chlorid tube (P < 0.05). There was no significant differences in the percentage of positive platelet of activated gpⅡb/Ⅲa composite between the three materials (P > 0.05). A useful blood-material contact model was established, and it was considered that α-granules protein is an available parameter for evaluating platelet activation. The percentage of positive platelet of α-granules protein determined by flow cytometry was a more sensitive parameter for evaluating platelet activation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of small-caliber expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) vascular grafts applied by silk fibroin film with surface sulfonation by low temperature plasma treatment Li Shao-bin, Yan Yu-sheng, Li Hui, Zhou Xie, Zhao Lian-na, Lei Bo 2010, 14 (8):  1357-1360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.007 Abstract ( 178 )   PDF (475KB) ( 834 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin film showed an anti-coagulated blood activity following sulfurous acid treatment; however, its flexibility and anti-tension were poor. If the silk fibroin film was coated on small-caliber expanded poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (ePTFE) vascular grafts prior to surface sulfonation, the adverse effects were improved and the blood compatibility of ePTFE vascular grafts were remarkably enhanced. OBJECTIVE: To research the preparation of ePTFE vascular grafts applied by surface sulfonation of silk fibroin film by low temperature plasma treatment. METHODS: The ePTFE vascular grafts were treated with low temperature plasma and coated on the surface of silk fibroin. The compound was then sulfonated with low temperature plasma. The ePTFE vascular grafts were considered as the controls to detect contact angle and sulfonation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The contact angle was decreased gradually form 87.7° to 65.1° following low temperature plasma treatment. Moreover, the contact angle was 106.2° following coating silk fibroin film and 92.9° following sulfonation. X-ray light-electron spectrometer demonstrated that percents of sulfur element on the surfaces of the combined blood vessel was 2.89%, respectively, while that of the control film was only 0.12%. The X-ray light-electron spectrometer also showed that most of the sulfur element were sulfonic group (-SO3H). The results suggested the feasibility of the preparation of  the combined blood vessel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Suitable construction of tissue-engineered adipose with silk fibroin porous scaffolds: A choice of optimal pore Liu Yi, Xiao Hong-tao, Xue Mei-si 2010, 14 (8):  1361-1364.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.008 Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (407KB) ( 639 )   Save BACKGROUND: In previous studies on tissue-engineered adipose, the pore size of scaffolds is easily neglected. If the pore size was large, cells would flow away along the pore and could not maintain in the scaffold. If the pore size was small, cells would distribute on the surface of the scaffold, and could not enter the scaffold. Simultaneously, it would be not contribute to growth of new vessels. OBJECTIVE: To screen appropriate silk fibroin porous scaffolds to construct tissue-engineered adipose. METHODS: Under unchanged concentration of fibroin, six kinds of silk fibroin porous scaffolds in different aperture were prepared by changing freezing and drying temperature and time. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) were harvested using attachment method. The potentiality of its osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was detected by chemistry staining. The apertures of six kinds of silk fibroin porous scaffolds were measured by scanning electron microscope. The adhesion and proliferation of hUCMSCs on silk fibroin porous scaffolds in different aperture were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The apertures of six silk fibroin porous scaffolds were (39.94±17.27), (53.51±16.18), (63.97±19.76), (71.08±18.07), (87.33±21.78), (121.97±44.10) µm, respectively. The strong ability of attachment of hUCMSCs appeared in the number two scaffold, and in other materials (number 1,3,4,5,6), there were not any cell in them except number one and three. Therefore, 50 µm might be a suitable aperture to construct tissue-engineered adipose with silk fibroin porous scaffolds using hUCMSCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological evaluation of acellular bladder submucosa materials Ren Peng-cheng, Zhang Xu-dong, Lü Hai-gang, Jiu Yu-ling, Liu Yi, An Li-jun 2010, 14 (8):  1365-1368.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.009 Abstract ( 105 )   PDF (276KB) ( 549 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acellular bladder submucosa is a natural extracellular matrix, which is mainly composed of collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ. It is regarded as an ideal biological scaffold material. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of acellular bladder submucosa as a tissue engineered scaffold material.  METHODS: Pig urinary bladder was immersed in the solution of PBS and sodium azide for a night, and the mucosa was removed. Acellular bladder submucosa was prepared using continuous hypotension, freeze-thawed treatment and NaOH spallation. The biocompatibility of acellular bladder submucosa was evaluated through histologic structure, DNA residual, cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, as well as subcutaneous inflammatory reactions.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell components were completely eliminated after decellularization treatment, while the extracellular matrix was remained intact as normal bladder. According to MTT results, cytotoxicity of acellular bladder matrix was assigned to be the first grade. No DNA signal was observed after extraction, and the matrix also supported porcine smooth muscle cell attachment and proliferation. Subcutaneous implantation of the matrix indicated that the acellular bladder submucosa trigger no immunologic rejection reaction obviously. The results demonstrated that: the acellular bladder submucosa prepared here exhibits excellent biocompatibility, which can be used as substitution in tissue-engineering field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of seaweed polysaccharide-agarose dressing to animal skin regeneration Bao Lei, Huang Jian-yan, Zhang Ling-min, Chu Bin, Tang Shun-qing 2010, 14 (8):  1369-1372.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.010 Abstract ( 152 )   PDF (278KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has verified that seaweed polysaccharide-agarose modifiers have their medical application value. OBJECTIVE: To perform skin regeneration trials using sprayable activated agarose/gelatin solution, and to explore the possibility of agarose modifier as skin dressing for skin regeneration. METHODS: To prepare 3% sprayable mixture with the dissolved activated agarose and gelatin at a certain ratio, and then filtrated with millopore for sterilization to prepare activated agarose (agarose degradation for 8 hours) and gelatin degradation, and made into different ratios (1: 0, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3). A total of four rabbits were obtained, and four sites were selected on the back of each rabbit, totally 16 experimental sites. The sprayable activated agarose/gelatin mixture (1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3) was directly sprayed on the four lesion sites. Sprayable activated agarose for two sites and simple gelatin for two sites served as controls. The effects of the wounds sprayed with dressing were observed at 4 weeks following surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days following surgery, the cover film had broken in mixture of activated agarose and gelatin at 1: 3, and remaining three were intact. No infection or inflammation occurred in wound of four ratios. Following comparison, the wound was rapidly healed in 1: 2 ratio dressing. The additional gelatin showed promoting effects on wound healing significantly. Hematoxylin-eosin staining demonstrated that skin with the dressing was similar to autologous skin, which verified that sprayable activated agarose/gelatin have a promise in skin regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit schwann cells in rats after spinal cord injury: Basic fibroblast growth factor expression and hindlimb movement function changes Chen Hui, Fu Wen-xue, Gui Ting, Liu De-ming, Yang Yao-fang 2010, 14 (8):  1372-1376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.011 Abstract ( 96 )   PDF (421KB) ( 433 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in the rat spinal cord can relieve inflammatory reaction, promote spinal cord regeneration, but the precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE:To observe basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression and movements recovery following transplantation of microencapsulated rabbit Schwann cells in rat spinal cord. METHODS: The sciatic nerves taken out from rabbits were digested with mixed enzyme and were made into Schwann cells suspension. Then we used air-jet method to make Schwann cells microcapsule. Using the same method, empty microcapsule was made. Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into cell group, empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group. Conducted by hemisection injury of spinal cord,the rats in cell group,empty microcapsule group and microcapsule group were implanted with gelatin sponge with 10 μL Schwann cells suspension, gelatin sponge with 10 μL empty microcapsule and 10 μL microencapsulated Schwann cells. Normal group was left intact. After operation, we observed hindlimb movements recovery in rats with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scale. Meanwhile,a set of sections were stained immunohistochemically for bFGF expression, another set of sections were stained for hematoxylin-eosin and Nissal. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After spinal cord injury, rat right hindlimb affected paralysis immediately. At 7, 14 and 28 days following transplantation,motor function in rat hindlimb was significantly recovered, and the BBB scores were significantly higher in microencapsulated schwenn cells than in cell and empty microcapsule group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). bFGF positive products were mainly distributed in cytoplasm of the spinal neuron and nucleus of neuroglical cell. The numbers of bFGF positive glial cells mainly appeared surrounding the spinal cord injured site on days 1, 3, 7 and rose to its peak on day 3 and began to appear in neuronal cells on day 14. The number of bFGF positiv cells in microcapsule group was significantly superior to that in cell group and empty microcapsule group. From then on, the bFGF expression was significantly decreased in each group. These indicated that transplantation of microencapsulated Schwann cells can inhibit the immunological rejection after xenotransplantation, suppress inflammatory reaction, improve the expression of bFGF, increase hindlimb movements recovery and spinal cord regeneration after spinal cord injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of trisacryl gelatin microspheres on uterine arterial embolization of a hysteromyoma guinea pig model Tan Guo-sheng, Yang Jian-yong, Guo Wen-bo, Xiang Xian-hong, Fan Hui-shuang, Hou Chang-long 2010, 14 (8):  1377-1381.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.012 Abstract ( 184 )   PDF (347KB) ( 512 )   Save BACKGROUND: The uterine arterial embolization which is a major method to treat hysteromyoma has been widely used in clinic and achieved a satisfactory therapeutic efficacy. The study addressing the effect of trisacryl gelatin microspheres on uterine arterial embolization in a hysteromyoma guinea pig model has less been reported yet. OBJECTIVE: To verify the feasibility of trisacryl gelatin microspheres to uterine arterial embolization in hysteromyoma guinea pig models. METHODS: A total of 30 adult female guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups: pelvic cavity artery moulding group (n=10) was performed pelvic vascular casting mould to demonstrate the anatomical characteristics, such as source, running shape, length, diameter and branches; arterial embolization group (n=20) was induced hysteromyoma model using estrogen-progestogen replacement therapy and performed technical research and pathological analysis by bilateral uterine arterial embolization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The trunks of uterine arteries were erupted from internal iliac arteries. The diameter of the trunks and its arcuate branches were (0.350±0.022) mm and (0.160±0.012) mm, respectively. The 20 guinea pigs of the arterial embolization group were succeeded in operating bilateral arterial embolization. The dosage of 40-120 µm and 100-300 µm trisacryl gelatin microspheres were (0.040±0.005) mL and (0.017±0.002) mL respectively during the operation. The achievement ratio of establishing model was 75% in the arterial embolization group. On the pathological section, the microspheres could be found in the uterine arterial arcuate branches and second branches within the subserosa and third branches. The myometrium was thickening. The cells of the leiomyoma nodules arranged in palisade or weaving shapes. Ischemia and necrosis were evidently present in leiomyomas of guinea pigs after embolization, but the myometria and endometria had no pathological change of ischemia and necrosis. It is feasible to use trisacryl gelatin microspheres to operate uterine arterial embolization for hysteromyoma of guinea pigs and the embolization effects are satisfactory. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epirubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres combined with microwave coagulation for treating hepatocellular carcinoma in mice Yang Jing, Wang Sen-ming, Cao Man-ming. Ding Wei-min, Hu Xi-gang, Meng Hui, Wang Ze-xin 2010, 14 (8):  1382-1385.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.013 Abstract ( 148 )   PDF (323KB) ( 500 )   Save BACKGROUND: The surgical resection rate of primary hepatic carcinoma is low, thus, the local treatment arose more attention. Microwave coagulation therapy can inactivate rather than kill the hepatic carcinoma cells. Slow-release chemotherapy has been used in treating primary hepatic carcinoma because it can form local high concentrations and last for a long time. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of epirubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres combined with microwave coagulation on treating hepatocellular carcinoma in mice. METHODS: Epirubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres were prepared by using emulsion-chemical cross linking technique. The surface morphology and particles size of chitosan microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscope. Ultraviolet spectrophotometer was used to analyze the entrapment efficiency, entrapment efficiency and cumulative release rates of epirubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres. Totally 24 mice with transplanted subcutaneous H22 HCC were divided into 4 groups, which were respectively treated by microwave coagulation therapy, intratumoral injected with physiological saline after microwave coagulation therapy, intratumoral injected with epirubicin after microwave coagulation therapy, intratumoral injected with epirubicin-loaded chitosan microspheres after microwave coagulation therapy. The tumor inhibitory rate was calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average diameter of chitosan microsphere was 105 μm, with uniformed particle diameter. The ratio of drug loading was 11% and the entrapment was 80%. The in vitro drug cumulative release rate was 84% after 2 weeks. The tumor inhibitory rates of the microwave coagulation combined with physiological saline, epirubicin, and drug carried microspheres groups were 8%, 20%, and 47%. It suggested that chitosan microsphere is a safe and effective slow-release dosage form, which exhibits strong anti-tumor effect when combined with microwave treatment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characteristics of doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement Zhang Hui, Xue Zhong-lin, Jin An-min, Li Sen, Ye Jian-dong 2010, 14 (8):  1386-1391.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.014 Abstract ( 153 )   PDF (702KB) ( 415 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone cement coated by different materials has various characteristics and causes varying therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE: By comparing characteristics of CPC, CPC/D, and CPC/M/D3 to investigate the preparation of doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement. METHODS: Doxorubicin microspheres were prepared with multiple emulsion solvent volatilixation method. Doxorubicin microspheres were mixed with CPC as the ratio of 3:7 to prepare doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement. The samples were randomly divided into three groups: CPC group, containing bone cement alone; CPC/D group, containing doxorubicin; CPC/M/D group, containing doxorubicin microspheres. Scanning electron microscope at varying magnification was used to observe structural characteristics and measure the diameter of microspheres. X-ray diffraction was used to estimate the extent of CPC and CPC/M/D samples. The initial and final setting time of cement samples in the three different groups was measured at  25 ℃ and 37 ℃ respectively. The injectability and interval porosity of different samples were tested. The compressive strength of the specimens was measured using a universal material testing machine to record the maximal compressive strength and breaking strength. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PLGA microspheres (100-150 µm) were globular and the surface was slick and sly. Microstructure of bone cement was not obviously changed following mixing with drugs, thus the location and characteristics of drugs in bone cement were not determined. Microspheres-coated bone cement (100-150 µm) was distributed among CPC powder. All the X-ray diffraction pattern of three different samples was in coincidence with standard X-ray diffraction pattern of hydroxyapatite, i.e., the major peak was located near 32°. Additional drugs and microspheres did not cause new phases. Obvious collapsing was not observed in the three samples following immediately adding in saline, but the collapsing appeared in both CPC/D and CPC/M/D samples after 24 hours. The setting-up time of CPC/M/D was the longest, but that of CPC was the shortest. On the other hand, the setting-up time was the longest at 37 ℃. The final setting-up time of CPC/M/D group was 45 minutes. The doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement showed the best property of injectability among the three kinds of cement. The interval porosity was the highest in the CPC/M/D group but the lowest in the CPC group. Interval porosity of doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement was up to 61.67%. The yield stress was the strongest in the CPC group but the weakest in the CPC/M/D group. Additionally, the yield stress of calcium phosphate cement dramatically decreased while doxrorubicin microspheres were coated. However, there was no significant difference between them. The preparation of doxorubicin microspheres-coated bone cement was reliable and the product had good structures and properties. Related Articles | Metrics

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Acceptability of Taxol-poly (alkyl-cyanoacrylates) micell material Wu Li, Yang Jing, Liu Tian-jun, Song Cun-xian 2010, 14 (8):  1392-1396.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.015 Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (402KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently used poly (alkyl-cyanoacrylates) (PACA) produces aldehyde compound in its degradation, which is easily results in toxicity and stimulation to the body. Here, a novel Taxol-PACA micell material was synthesized, which has broad application as a kind of liposolubility drug delivery carrier. OBJECTIVE: To verify the therapeutic efficacy of Paclitaxel-PECA micells for mouse breast cancer. METHODS: Paclitaxel drug delivery micells were prepared by a multi-emulsification technique and were characterized for size, drug loading capacity, and in vitro release. Bablc breast cancer model mice were randomly divided into the physiological saline, vacant control, paclitaxel positive control, and Paclitaxel-PECA micells with low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose groups. Paclitaxel and Paclitaxel-PECA micells were injected into the location of mouse breast cancer, and then the tumor inhibit rates were detected.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The mean diameter of Paclitaxel-PECA micells was 70 nm, with 19.89% loading amount of Paclitaxel. In vitro, micells maintained sustained release of Paclitaxel for 2 weeks. Compared with the physiological saline group, the Paclitaxel-PECA micells group exhibited superior tumor inhibit effects with doses of 30, 60, and 90 mg/kg (P < 0.001), which was 68.49%, 77.03% and 81.87%, respectively. The results suggested that Paclitaxel-PECA micells material has excellent acceptability as sustained-release preparation for treating mouse breast cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Compatibility of osteoblasts on the polylactic acid-chitosan fiber/hydroxyapatite-calcium silicate composite scaffold material Wei Li, Li De-chao, Wang Jing, Hou Xia 2010, 14 (8):  1397-1401.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.016 Abstract ( 68 )   PDF (356KB) ( 512 )   Save BACKGROUND: Practice has proved that organic material and inorganic materials used alone are not ideal scaffold materials. Polylactic acid (PLA) possessing excellent biocompatibility, degradability and absorbability, PLAs composites will be one of the most important biocomposite in the 21st century. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of PLA-chitosan fiber (CF)/ hydroxyapatite-calcium silicate (HA-CS) on adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. METHODS: The rat osteoblasts were obtained from the cranium of newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours, and primarily cultured using modified collagenase digestion. The cells were generated and their biological characteristic was examined by inverted phase-contrast microscope, hematoxylin-eosin staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and mineralized nodules staining. Then the cells at passage 3 were co-cultured with PLA-CF, PLA-CF/CS and PLA-CF/HA-CS in vitro. At 3, 6 and 9 days of the culture, cell morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscopy. In addition, MTT assay and ALP activity test were used to observe the effects of three kinds of materials on cell differentiation and proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoblasts attached on all three scaffold materials can adhere, grow, differentiate and proliferate. The effect of three materials on cell activity was PLA-CF/HA-CS>PLA-CF/CS>PLA-CF. The composite scaffold PLA-CF/HA-CS has a good compatibility, indicating that the material has a great potential for application in bone tissue engineering.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization and influence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on magnetic signal of magnetic labeled tumor cells in vitro Wu Zhao-zhong, Liu Min, Li Zhi-ming, Zhang Hao, Lin Wei, Wang Jin-yu, Li Yuan 2010, 14 (8):  1402-1407.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.017 Abstract ( 62 )   PDF (578KB) ( 469 )   Save BACKGROUND: superparamagnetic ferric oxide nanoparticle exhibits small diameter, good water solubility, histocompatibility, superparamagnetism and surface area effect, allowing the application in nuclear magnetic resonance and biomacromolecule as carriers. OBJECTIVE: To construct superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated by dextran (DCIONP), determine its physical and magnetic properties and evaluate the magnetic properties of tumor cells labeled by DCIONP in vitro. METHODS: The DCIONP was obtained by means of classical coprecipitation in dextran solution. Its size was determined by the transmission electron microscopy, and the crystal formation in DCIONP was measured by X-ray diffraction analysis. T2 values as well as relaxation rate were evaluated with a 1.5T MR system. After osteosarcoma cell line MG63, hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HGP2 and rat bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells were labeled by DCIONP in vitro, the perls blue staining and the transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe intracellular iron. In addition, the change of magnetic signal intensity was measured by 1.5T MR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The iron size was 10 nm and the formation of Fe3O4 crystal in DCIONP was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. These nanoparticles possessed some characteristic of superparamagnetic and showed the spin-spin relaxation rate of 3.936×106 mol/s. After three kinds of cells were labeled by DCIONP, the nanoparticles were mainly located in nucleus, and partially in cytoplasm confirmed. The spin-spin relaxations were shortened gradually compared with increasing labeled cells. Obvious magnetic attenuation was measured at 2×109/L and 2×1010/L labeled cells. Results show that the prepared nanoparticle with stable physical and magnetic prosperities was developed, and it is able to product characteristic magnetic attenuation on the magnetic labeled tumor cells by 1.5T MR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Self-assembly preparation of phosphorylcholine-containing poly (L-lactide) nanoparticles with solvent evaporation method and its characteristics Cao Jun, Chen Yuan-wei, Chen Nian-cao, Luo Xiang-lin 2010, 14 (8):  1410-1413.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.019 Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (326KB) ( 498 )   Save BACKGROUND: Phosphorylcholine-containing poly (L-lactide) (PLLA-PC) is a kind of novel amphiphilic copolymer with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In the previous work, self-assembly micelles of PLLA-PC were prepared with film rehydration method. But it hardly formed micelle with film rehydration method because the longer chains of LLA existed in the PLLA-PC copolymer. However, the mechanism of phospholipid choline polymer with long hydrophobic chain forming micelle remains still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To prepare self-assembling nanoparticles of PLLA-PC using solvent evaporation method, and to explore the factors that affected the properties and stability of nanoparticles. METHODS:  ① Nanoparticles were prepared with solvent evaporation method.  PLLA-PC copolymer was dissolved into acetone, and the copolymer solution was added dropwise to distilled water with stirring to yield nanoparticles. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was performed on the F-7000FL220-240V. The emission and excitation wavelength were 395 nm and 300 mm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out on a JEM-100CX electron microscope to observe the morphology of PLLA-PC nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering measurements on nanoparticle solutions were performed on a NANOSIZE 3600 at room temperature. ② Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements were performed on a Waters 717 apparatus equipped with an RI detector. THF was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. A 1 g/L solution   (50 μL) was injected for each analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: TEM indicated that the PLLA-PC nanoparticles presented typical shell/core structure. The critical micelle concentration was determined by fluorescent probe method. The results showed that the CMCs were quite low (< 10-3 g/L) and were dependent on the LLA units in the copolymer. The size and size distribution of the nanoparticles were detected by dynamic light scattering. The results indicated that the size could be affected by the LLA units, concentration of the organic solution and the concentration of the aqueous solution of the nanoparticles. On the other hand, they hardly changed over the dilution with water, which was of great importance in venous injection. They degraded at 37 ℃. PLLA-PC nanoparticles with controllable sizes can be prepared with phase separation method and might serve as a novel material for drug delivery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characteristics of starch/polyvinyl alcohol compound bio-membrane Zhu Ai-chen, Shi Rui, Chen Da-fu, Yuan Run-ying, Zhang Li-qun 2010, 14 (8):  1414-1417.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.020 Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (540KB) ( 469 )   Save BACKGROUND: There is no study on starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as guided tissue regeneration membranes. The guided tissue regeneration membrane with porous structure were prepared, which combined with the advantages of natural polymer and synthetic polymer. OBJECTIVE: To research the effects of the preparation conditions on the properties of starch/PVA membranes. METHODS: The porous membranes of guiding tissue regeneration were prepared mainly by starch and PVA through solution mixing, casting, freezing and drying. The effects of the mass ratio of PVA and starch, solution concentration, and pre-freezing temperature on the properties of the membrane were researched. The surface morphology, tensile strength, porous ratio, water absorbance and cell cytotoxicity were characterized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The aperture of the membrane was 1-50 μm, the porosity was 60%-70%, and the tensile strength was 12-26 MPa. And this membrane had the excellent biocompatibility and hydrophilicity. The pores in the surface were evenly distributed with the solution concentration of 5% and the pre-freezing temperature of -30 ℃. The more content of starch was, and the larger of the aperture was. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of surface modification on anti-fogging and anti-reflection of optical glasses Li Jian, Liu Jia-yi, Zhang Yang-de 2010, 14 (8):  1418-1421.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.021 Abstract ( 171 )   PDF (269KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: The polarity and the layer-by-layer coating method which are utilized to improve the membrane surface of optical glasses is a new focus for researching in the world. OBJECTIVE: To prepare a stable hydrophilic anti-fogging coating by surface modification. METHODS: Hydrophilic anti-fogging coatings of complexes of polyacrylic acid (PAA), cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and sodium silicate were fabricated by layer-by-layer coating method. Subsequently, the stable multilayer films were obtained by thermal torrefaction. Then the transmittance, hydrophilicity, and hardness were tested. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the wavelength coverage of 200 nm, the transmittance of the anti-fogging coatings was above 92.9%. In the wavelength coverage of 700-800 nm, the transmittance reached 98.1%, suggesting that the membrane had the good transmittance. Water drop dispersed completely after 230 ms when it contacted with the surface of the multilayer films, suggesting that it had the good hydrophilicity. The hardness of stable films structure was 4 H. The layer-by-layer coating method was simple and favorable for preparing the anti-fogging coatings with good product properties including good stability, anti-fogging function and the improved transmittance. Related Articles | Metrics

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GC Fuji IX and reinforced glass-ionomer cements for repairing wedge-shaped defects in old people: 1-year follow-up comparison Chen Hong, He Jing, Zhou Shao-li 2010, 14 (8):  1422-1425.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.022 Abstract ( 155 )   PDF (225KB) ( 523 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a kind of filling material for wedge-shaped defects, GC Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement has arose more and more attention. However, the comparison of repair results between GC Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement and reinforced glass-ionomer cement are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of GC Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement and reinforced glass-ionomer cement for repairing wedge-shaped defects of old people. METHODS: Totally 80 teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups, and filled by GC Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement (experimental group) and reinforced glass-ionomer cement (control group), respectively. The clinical effect of 2 materials were evaluated on color match, edge density heterozygosity, restoration integrity, occurrence of secondary caries and pulp symptom at immediately, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after placement. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The color match of the experimental group was better than that of the control group at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after placement (P < 0.05); and the edge density heterozygosity of the experimental group was superior to the control group at 6 months and 1 year after placement (P < 0.05); in addition, the restoration integrity of the experimental group was surpass the control group at 1 year after placement (P < 0.05). It demonstrated that GC Fuji IX glass-ionomer cement is an ideal choice for wedge-shaped defects of old people, which exhibits superior effects to reinforced glass-ionomer cement in 1-year follow-up.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of nano-hydroxyapatite and its composite biomaterials in stomatology Wang Yun, Wang Qing-shan 2010, 14 (8):  1426-1428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.023 Abstract ( 95 )   PDF (304KB) ( 583 )   Save BACKGROUND: The nano-hydroxyapatite (NHA) biomaterials compounded with secondary phase or multiphase materials have been widely used in the domain of stomatology, and there have been several reports regarding the application of compounded NHA with composite resin. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the application progress of NHA in the domain of stomatology, and to prospect the potential significance of NHA in the stomatology materials. METHODS: Databases of Pubmed, EBSCOhost and China Journal Full-text were retrieved to screen out the articles. Inclusion criteria: ①The articles possess originality and dependable point and evidence. ②The articles have conclusive viewpoint and all round analyses. ③The agents of articles contact with this review closely. Exclusion criteria: repetition research and independent literatures with this review. And 24 literatures in accordance with the standard were selected in this study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many clinical application and animal experiments indicate that NHA has been extensively used in the oral surgery, endodontic, implantation and the other aspects, with the deeply research for combination of NHA and composite resin, NHA hopefully displays greater effectiveness in the stomatology materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and clinical application of nano-drug carriers Jin Li-xia 2010, 14 (8):  1429-1432.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.024 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (307KB) ( 1662 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with ordinary preparation, nano-drug carriers have the advantages of prolonged drug effects, increased therapeutic effects and small toxicity. However, reports concerning the application of nanoparticles, nano-liposomes, polymer micelles, nano-smart drug, polymer nano-body medicine, Dendrimers and other nanoscale drug carriers are few. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics, types and preparation methods of nano-drug carriers, and to elucidate its research progress.  METHODS: The Medline database was searched by computer with key words of “Nano-drug carriers, nanoparticles, nano-liposomes, clinical application” to find literatures published between January 1991 to December 2009, and the language was limited to English. Simultaneously, articles published from January 1994 to December 2009 were searched in Chinese Journal Full-text database with the same key words, and the language was limited to Chinese. Inclusion criteria: ①Articles are closely related to the research of nano-drug carrier. ②Related researches published on core journals in the latest years were preferential in selection. Exclusion criteria: ①Repeatability study. ②Meta analysis. RESULTS AND CONCIUSION: A total of 360 documents were seized by primary screen, finally 28 sub-standard literatures entered further analysis, including 25 reviews and 3 clinical or basic experiments. The nano-drug carriers are characterized by specificity, targeting, accurate and absorbable, which can be used in preventing and curing disease. The combination of nano carriers and specific drugs can promote the development of nano-biotechnology, and provide a reliable basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Induced angiogenesis of natural tissue-engineering materials: Theoretical research and application progress Liu Yuan-yuan, Wu Hai-ge, Yao Zi-ang 2010, 14 (8):  1433-1436.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.025 Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (366KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: After tissue-engineering products transplantation, angiogenesis played an important role in the function restoring of defective organs. The natural tissue-engineering materials had a wide application in tissue engineering due to its favorable biocompatibility and degradability, at the same time its pro-angiogenic function enhanced the achievement ratio of tissue-engineering products transplantation. Therefore, they attract much attention during recent years. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status of incubating induced angiogenesis of tissue-engineered natural scaffold, so as to give some theoretical basis for further study on clinical application of natural tissue engineering materials. METHODS: Relevant literatures in PubMed and Springerlink published between January1995 and June 2009 were searched by compute with the key words of “tissue-engineering products, natural materials” in English. While relevant Chinese articles in CKNI published between January1999 and June 2007 were also searched with the key words of “tissue-engineering natural materials, collagen, chitosan, fibrin” in Chinese. After primary selection, inclusive articles were those about study and experimental study of induced angiogenesis of tissue-engineered natural scaffold. Exclusive criteria: repetitive and obsolescent articles. A total 35 literatures were finally analyzed in accordance with the criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The natural tissue engineering materials were synthesized by macromolecules out of normal tissue, whose multiple bioinformation provided signal for cells and benefited for cellular adhesion and maintenance. Collagen protein, fiber gel protein, and chitosan summarized in this study were beneficial for inducing angiogenesis but limited to mechanical characteristics. Therefore, to construct natural materials inducing angiogenesisis is prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research status and application progression in periodontal locally sustained-release antimicrobials Wang Dan, Deng Jia-yin 2010, 14 (8):  1437-1441.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.026 Abstract ( 92 )   PDF (361KB) ( 614 )   Save BACKGROUND: Local application of sustained-release antimicrobials serve as an adjuvant therapy of periodontitis, and the dosage form, medicine and carrier material have greatly developed. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current situation and progression of periodontal local sustained-release antimicrobials at home and abroad. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and Pubmed (1999-01/2009-10) was performed for the related articles about sustained-release antimicrobials, with the key words “periodontitis, treatment, medication, and sustained-release”. The articles in the same field published recently or in authoritative journals were selected. A total of 143 articles were collected, and 40 related sustained-release antimicrobials were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Application of sustained-release antimicrobials is a well adjuvant therapy for some special clinical periodontitis. It is widely used due to its low dosage, long lasting-time and well target effect. The clinical application of sustained-release antimicrobials is promising along with the development of compound medicine and periodontal tissue regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of biomaterial function in repair of tissue engineering skull defect Li Jin-jiang, Liang Yong, Zhao Ming-guang, Xie Peng, Guo Xue-jun 2010, 14 (8):  1442-1446.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.027 Abstract ( 119 )   PDF (417KB) ( 458 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To evaluate function and application of various biomaterials in tissue engineering repair skull defect, and to seek a reasonable skull substitutes. METHODS: Using “tissue engineering, skull defect, stem cells, cytokines, composite” as key words in Chinese, and using “tissue engineering, skull defect, mesenchymal stem cells, cytokines, materials” as key words in English, a computer-based online search was performed for publications from January 1993 to October 2009. Articles concerning biomaterials and tissue engineering skull defect repair were included. Articles describing repetitive study or Meta analysis were excluded. Function of various biomaterials in tissue engineering repair skull defect was assess in 17 articles. RESULTS: Stem cell technique is to obtain seed cells from a few myeloid tissues. Following in vitro induction and amplification, cells at a certain number could compound with stents, and construct tissue-engineered bone in vitro. The cells could sustain the biological features of osteoblasts, and fuse with bone tissue in the recipient site. Simultaneously, it could avoid the occurrence of immunological rejection. Two or over materials were compounded together, or biomaterial surface received various modification. These could promote adhesion between cells and materials, elevate cell bioactivity and maintain biological function. Following moved into seed cells using some vectors, the latter ossified in bone defect site, and secreted suitable bone growth factor, induced the differentiation of peripheral non-oriented osteogenitor cells into oriented osteogenitor cells, which could harvest adequate seed cells with osteogenic activity in a short time, and accelerate the healing of skull defects. The composite made by using three-dimensional virtual imaging and computer numerical control modeling techniques has the advantages of medical composite, precise anatomical consistency with surrounding tissues of skull defects, and perfect appearance. CONCLUSION: At present, no material can be accorded with the requirement of bone tissue engineering. Combination of some materials or modification of biomaterial surface can promote adhesion of cells and materials, elevate cell biological activity, and maintain biological function, which are presently hot focus of tissue engineering research of biomaterials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Performance and dynamical characteristics of three-dimensional stent materials in tendon tissue engineering Li Rong 2010, 14 (8):  1447-1550.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.028 Abstract ( 77 )   PDF (339KB) ( 272 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To summarize research progress of tissue-engineered tendon stent material and its application for repairing tendon defect. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted with the key words of “tissue engineering, tendon, scaffold” in both Chinese and English from January 1993 to October 2009. Articles about dynamical performance of tissue-engineered tendon, experimental research and clinical application of tissue-engineered tendon were included, but duplicated studies and Meta analysis were excluded. Among 36 articles, 4 major viewpoints were discussed: research progress of tendon tissue engineering; biodynamical analysis of tissue-engineered tendon stent materials; application of biomaterials for tendon tissue engineering; clinical application of tissue engineering for repairing tendon defect. RESULTS: Natural polymer and synthetic macromolecule were major materials in tendon tissue engineering. The preparation and selection of stent materials depended on producing imitated materials with advanced performance and structure based on artificial synthetic materials, preparing natural derivative stent materials based on natural extracellular matrix, and constructing tissue-engineered tendon based on original bio-structure and bio-performance of biological tissue. Construction of tissue-engineered tendon must simulate three-dimensional physical environment in vivo. Microcomputer-controlled step motor was used to force tendon-matrix compound stent in order to increase proliferation velocity of tendon cells and secretory volume of collagen and develop into stress direction. CONCLUSION: Physical stimulation is simple, thus technique and instrument for constructing artificial tendon need to be further studied. Additionally, living implants which may completely replace body tissue and organ function still need to be further studied and solved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of artificial synthetic materials in repairing knee cruciate ligament injury Liu Jing 2010, 14 (8):  1451-1454.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.029 Abstract ( 129 )   PDF (297KB) ( 359 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explore the prospect of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury by reviewing related study progress and clinical experiments. METHODS: Publications addressing artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury in the VIP database between January 1993 and October 2009 were selected by computer. The research words including “knee cruciate ligaments, artificial ligaments, and reconstruction”. Inclusion criteria: ①Literatures relate to the application of artificial synthetic material in repairing knee cruciate ligaments injury. ②Papers addressing reconstructing anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments by using LARS artificial ligaments. Exclusion criteria: obsolete theoretical views and repetitive studies. The data were checked in the first trial, and the quotations were reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 105 literatures were initial searched by computer, 40 unrelated and 44 repetitive studies were excluded after screening. Therefore, 21 literatures were included in this paper. The cruciate ligament rupture is a severe knee joint injury, which can lead to knee joint instability, damage intra-articular structures, and seriously affect the joint function. LARS artificial ligament is preferred candidate for young patients, especially for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament. LARS artificial ligament is considered to be a safe transplant material because that few reports concerning its complication, particularly, no synovitis was reported following LARS artificial ligaments implantation. CONCLUSION: LARS artificial ligament provides a selection for anterior, posterior cruciate ligaments reconstruction. However, it is can not substitute cruciate ligament completely due to its limitation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of medical polymer carrier materials to anticancer drugs Wang Xi, Xue Jing 2010, 14 (8):  1455-1458.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.030 Abstract ( 225 )   PDF (386KB) ( 429 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To introduce the type and biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials, and to evaluate its application in anticancer drugs. METHODS: A computer-based on-line research was performed in China Journal Full-text Database and Pubmed database published from 1990 to 2009. The key words were “polymer, anticancer drug, carrier”. Articles concerning biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were included. Meta analysis and repetitive studies were excluded. RESULTS: Quality of articles was assessed, and a total of 24 articles were included. Biological properties of medical polymer vehicle materials and its application in anticancer drugs were summarized. Medical polymer vehicle materials are novel technique with the development of pharmacological study, biomaterial study and clinical medicine. Good biocompatibility, biodegradability, regulation of degradation rate and good workability of polymer materials provided convenience and possibility for innovation of pharmaceutical preparation. Structure of drug carrier material, elevation of drug-loading efficiency, in vivo distribution, biodegradation function and effects of degradation product on bodies deserved further investigations. The study focus of anticancer drug high polymer carrier lies in the search of carrier materials with strong choice and good outcomes. CONCLUSION: Medical polymer carrier materials can control drug release speed by dosage form changes, which induced a stable drug concentration in vivo. The medical polymer carrier materials also can send drugs to a certain part of the body by release system, which cannot affect other regions in the body. Related Articles | Metrics

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Material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate Sun Hang, Liu Shao-hui, Zhi Hua 2010, 14 (8):  1459-1462.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.031 Abstract ( 88 )   PDF (349KB) ( 465 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To introduce material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (http://www.cnki.net/) and Wanfang Database (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn) for articles addressing material science characteristics and clinical application of bone plate published from 2000 to 2009. The key words included “bone plate, material science characteristics, biocompatibility, clinical application”. Testing articles with reliable argument and evidence as well as close topic were included, and simultaneously, non-original articles were excluded. Ultimately, 25 articles were included. We arranged and analyzed material science characteristics, clinical application, advantages and disadvantages of bone plate. RESULTS: From the material science characteristics, the elastic modulus of bone plate should be close to skeleton so as to reduce stress occlusion effects. In clinical application, we should pad attention to the bonding of biological fixation and mechanical fixation to improve plate structure, resulting in decrease in contacting area of plate and skeleton to diminish or prevent osteoporosis in local regions. CONCLUSION: Presently, bone plate materials mainly contain stainless steel, cobalt alloy and titanium alloy in clinic with their advantages and disadvantages. Among them, medical titanium alloy is an ideal in vivo implant. In clinical application, less invasive stabilization plate provides a powerful technique security for early recovery of motor function following fracture, and shows a spacious application prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs Bai Rong 2010, 14 (8):  1463-1466.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.032 Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (327KB) ( 449 )   Save OBJECTIVE: To explore targeting of nanometer drugs and the adverse reaction during disease treatment. METHODS: The first author retrieved China National Knowledge Infrastructure with the key words of “nanometer drug, nanometer particle, drug carrier, targeting, adverse reaction” for articles published from 2001 to 2009 in Chinese. The articles addressing close content of targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs were included, and Meta analysis, irrelevant or duplicated articles were excluded. Finally, 18 articles were included. We summarized the present studies concerning targeting and adverse reactions of nanometer drugs. RESULTS: Compared with common drugs, nanometer drugs had great surface area, strong chemical activity, and rapid rate of absorption. Nanometer drugs process a superiority compared with common drugs in aspects of traversing various barriers of the body, controlling release speed of drugs, and setting drug targeting. CONCLUSION: Compared with previous drugs, the targeting nanometer drugs present significant targeting. i.e. it can bring drugs to the targeting site. It not only can elevate curative effects, but decrease adverse reactions. Nanometer drugs as a new preparation provide a new thought for treating some refractory diseases, and bring a reformation for medical research. However, some nanometer materials show toxic properties, and especially the outcomes of interaction of nanometer materials to human or environment are still unclear. Therefore, the biological effects, action mechanism and elimination measures of toxicity of nanometer materials should be completely studied prior to the nanometer materials are made into commercialization products, which will bring a basic rationale for reasonable application of nanometer materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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CT-guided percutaneous injection of bone cement for treating osteolysis pelvic disease in 9 cases Mi Shi-jun, Gao Jing-chun, Zhao Shi-jun, Zhou Guang-jun, Gao Wan-xu, Sun Jing-yu 2010, 14 (8):  1467-1470.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.033 Abstract ( 138 )   PDF (307KB) ( 338 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteolysis has always occurred in pelvis. Percutaneous injection of bone cement stabilized bone fracture, relieved pain or even treated tumor. However, leakage of bone cement might cause severe complications. OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of percutaneous injection of bone cement on treating osteolysis pelvic disease in 9 cases by the CT guidance. METHODS: By the CT guidance, needing degree was determined firstly. Focal size and scanning layers were used to calculate focal volume and estimate injected dose of bone cement. Three-dimensional targeting device was used to introduce the puncturation. The bone cement which was 0.2-0.5 mL less than the calculated volume was injected into osteolysis site. The accuracy, injected dose, clinical efficacy, and complications were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The following-up ranged from 5 months to 4 years, with mean duration of 1.5 years. At 1-48 hours after operation, symptoms were recovered, including complete recovery (n=6), partial recovery (n=2), and light recovery (n=1). Leakage of bone cement was not detected out around focal region. This suggested that percutaneous injection of bone cement into the erosion site is an effective method to treat pelvic osteolysis disease, characterizing by security, effective, and less invasive. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety of fluorouracil implants for modified radical mastectomy Zhu De-miao 2010, 14 (8):  1471-1474.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.034 Abstract ( 156 )   PDF (380KB) ( 764 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is of significance for looking for ideal pharmaceutical dosage form and administration route to make sure direct action in local region, improve selection of high-concentration drug to local target tissue, prolong drug action, and prevent local recurrence of breast cancer. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical safety of fluorouracil implants for modified radical mastectomy, and investigate the new way to prevent the local recurrence of breast cancer. METHODS: A total of 63 cases with breast cancer treated by modified radical mastectomy in TNM stage of Ⅰ+Ⅱ (n=35) and Ⅲ(n=28) were randomly divided into control group (n=31) and implant group (n=32). Fluorouracil implants (600 mg in total, less than 100 mg at each site) were multiple-implanted below the tumor and in the armpits, subclavian vascular region, and axillary vascular area, so as to observe the incision infection or dehiscence, the subcutaneous fluid volume after 8 days, flap necrosis, limb edema, stitches days, WBC, RBC, hepatic and renal function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The differences in the incision infection or dehiscence, the subcutaneous fluid volume after 5 days, flap necrosis, limb edema, stitches days, and RBC between two groups were not significantly. Levels of WBC, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and creatinine were significantly increased after operation compared with before operation (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that the method of implanting sustained-release fluorouracil for modified radical mastectomy was safe, and it might become an effective way to  local chemotherapy for breast cancer postoperatively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens for correction of extreme myopia: A follow-up of 11 cases Zou Ying-ying, Bi Hong-sheng, Xie Xiao-feng 2010, 14 (8):  1475-1478.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.035 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (283KB) ( 695 )   Save BACKGROUND: The phakic intraocular lens implantation has advantages of reversibility and accommodative capability, which is a promising refractive operation. Posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation is a developing method for the correction of extreme myopia.  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety and stability of posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation for the correction of extreme myopia.  METHODS: This study included 18 eyes of 11 patients whose received posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation at Shierming Eye Hospital from March 2006 to January 2009, including 4 males (7 eyes) and 7 females (11 eyes). All patients were followed-up 3-6 months, mean 5.3 months. The refraction, intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity, glare sensitivity, endothelial cell morphometry, as well as lens opacities were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After operation, naked visions of the 18 eyes were better than or equal to preoperative corrective vision, and the astigmatism was relieved obviously. The naked contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity was better than that before the operation. The anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and corneal endothelium counting before and after the operation had no significant difference. No serious complication was detected during the follow-up. The vision decent at night and dazzling sensation occurred in 2 cases. Shot-term observation shows that implanting intraocular lens in posterior chamber to correct high myopia is safe, stable and predictable. This operation is a promising method for correcting high myopia.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Allogenic tendon materials and Tibial-inlay technique for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction of the knee joint in 17 cases Li Zhi-huai, Feng Zhen, Zhang Yi-long, Sun Bo, Wang Pei 2010, 14 (8):  1479-1482.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.036 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (254KB) ( 414 )   Save BACKGROUND: Donor complications have been detected following autologous tendon transplantation for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Although artificial tendon development and tissue-engineered tendon have achieved great progresses, there are some issues in clinical application. Since 1980’s, allogenic tendon transplantation has aroused increasing attention. OBJECTIVE: To explore the selection of allogenic tendon materials and the effect of their application on reconstructing posterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: A total of 17 patients with posterior cruciate ligament injury of knee joint were treated with cryopreserved allogenic tendon by Tibial-inlay technique. During the operation, two tracts of tendons soaked in gentamicin saline for 15 minutes were conduplicated, and one end of the tendon was cancellous bone screw and fixed to the tibia attachment point of posterior cruciate ligament, and the other end was introduced into the joint through retention suture. The posterior joint capsule was repaired. The patient was placed at supine position, and the knee was flexed for 90°. The other end of the graft was introduced to femoral tunnel, and anterior drawer was tensed, and fixed by screw. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIN: The preoperative posterior drawer test of patients was >2+, including 7 cases of 3+ and 6 of 4+. The postoperative posterior drawer test was 0 in 4 cases, 1+ in 8 cases, 2+ in 4 cases and 3+ in 1 case, suggesting the posterior movement of the knee joint was significantly improved. Lysholm scores of patients were (48.5±4.3) points before operation and (88.3±5.4) points after operation. Results show that cryopreserved allogenic tendon by Tibial-inlay technique could restored function of posterior cruciate ligament with a favorable effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone cementoplasty accompanied by radiotherapy for malignant tumor patients with bone metastaese: To be the first choice? Huang Yin-fang, Fu Shen, Wu Chun-gen 2010, 14 (8):  1483-1487.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.037 Abstract ( 79 )   PDF (262KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone cementoplasty can elevate the life quality of patients by instant alleviating pain and stable fracture. However, the effects of bone cementoplasty should be further analyzed due to it is lack of long-term follow-up and clinical practices. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the therapeutic effect of bone cementoplasty accompanied by radiotherapy for malignant tumor patients with bone metastaese. METHODS: Totally 60 malignant tumor patients with bone metastaese treated in Shanghai Sixth Peoples’ Hospital from September 2006 to February 2009 were randomly divided into 2 group, with 30 cases in each group. In the radiotherapy group, patients were exposed to 6 MV X-ray, 2 Gy once, 5 times per week, for 4 successive weeks. In the combination group, patients were underwent bone cementoplasty accompanied by radiotherapy. The combination of verbal rating scale (VRS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were used to assess bone pain. The onset times of two groups were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The scores of bone pain were similar between before and after treatment (P > 0.05). Compared with the radiotherapy group, the bone pain of combination group was significantly relieved after treatment (P < 0.05). There were 13 patients were ineffective to treatment in the radiotherapy group, which was 8 patients in the combination group. In addition, the onset time of radiotherapy group was later than that of the combination group. In the 10-month follow-up, 25 patients in the radiotherapy group and 21 patients in the combination group were dead. The survival patients of combination group were greater that those of radiotherapy group. No evidence showed that the death was correlated to bone cement, namely, bone cementoplasty accompanied by radiotherapy can be more effective in the treatment of bone metastases than simple radiotherapy, and it might be the first choice in clinical practice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Breast malignant tumor following polyacrylamide hydrogel injection: Two cases report Wang Mu, Wang Xiao-yang, Hou Xiao-dong, Rong Rong, Zhou Zhi-gang, Li Xiang, Ouyang Xue 2010, 14 (8):  1488-1490.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.038 Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (311KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: Breast augmentation with polyacrylamide hydrogel injection has been used nearly for a decade in some Chinese medical therapy units. More patients need to be removing injections or a second augmentation due to complications. More attention should be paid for possibility of complications concomitant with breast malignant tumor. OBJECTIVE: Two cases of breast invasive duct carcinoma diagnosed after removing injection were analyzed retrospectively in order to increase the importance of detection rate of breast malignant tumor. METHODS: Two cases in all 41 assembled patients which were removed polyacrylamide hydrogel injections from 82 breasts were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma. The characteristics of medical history, physical diagnosis, image diagnosis and pathological examination were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The detection rate of breast malignant tumor should arise more attention in patients requiring removal of polyacrylamide hydrogel injection. The following aspects should be emphasized such as the comprehensive analysis for the results of physical diagnosis and image diagnosis, tumor-free operation with more samples from suspicious nodules and frozen pathological examination. The principles of cancer surgery should be followed in pathological diagnosed cases in case of iatrogenic metastasis and spread of breast malignant tumor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of bronchopleural fistula using injection of fibrin sealant combined with microwave under endoscope in 8 cases Liu Jian-ming, Liu Xin-min, Sun Sheng-hua, Zhang Yang-de, Liu Bei-zhan 2010, 14 (8):  1491-1494.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.039 Abstract ( 147 )   PDF (288KB) ( 378 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional treatment includes conservative therapy and surgical treatment on bronchial pleural fistula. With the development of endoscopic therapy, a new safe and effective method is concerned. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the therapeutic effect of treating bronchopleural fistula using bronchoscopy-guided injection of fibrin sealant combined with gelatin sponge filled and microwave following after lung resection. METHODS: Totally 8 cases of bronchial fistula patients were received injection of fibrin sealant after microwave and gelatin sponge filled by bronchoscopy, including 6 males and 2 females, mean aged 53.8 years (39-73 year-old). Cases 1 and 2 received left upper pulmonary lobectomy, cases 3 received left lower pulmonary lobectomy, case 4 received right lower pulmonary lobectomy, cases 5 and 6 received right upper pulmonary lobectomy, and the cases 7 and 8 received pneumonectomy. bronchopleural fistula occurred after postoperative Chemotherapy in cases 4 and 8. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The case 8 was failed to treatment due to the large orificium fistulae (> 5 mm) and disappointed results after 6 times plugging. The other 7 patients were cured successfully. The injection time was correlated to the size of orificium fistulae, and the plugging was successful for 4 patients with less than 3 mm orificium fistulae. However, a third or fifth plugging was performed for 3 cases with 3-5 mm orificium fistulae. No surgery-related complications occurred in all patients. Bronchoscopy guided injection of fibrin sealant combined with gelatin sponge and microwave is a safe and effective method for bronchial fistula. Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment of olecranon fracture with biodegradable tension band in 9 cases Wei Xin, Sun Gui-xin, Li Li-jun, Tan Jun 2010, 14 (8):  1495-1498.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.040 Abstract ( 108 )   PDF (335KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: Internal fixations with plate and screw or K-wire tension band are widely used in treating olecranon fracture; however, the internal fixations need to remove by a second surgery. OBJECTIVE: To retrospective analyze the therapeutic effect of treating olecranon fracture using biodegradable tension band. METHODS: Nine olecranon fracture patients received at the Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University from July 2006 to April 2009 were selected. All patients were treated by biodegradable tension band fixation which comprises absorbable screw and absorbable suture. Elbow joint functional exercises were performed at 3 weeks after plaster external fixation. The patients were followed up for 12 months, and the therapeutic effect was measured by X-ray films and Mayo score of elbow joint function. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Imaging examination showed that the fracture healing well in all cases, and the fracture line was blurred. No ulnar nerve compression, fracture, or fracture displacement could be seen. Biodegradable tension band fixation can provide adequate intensity for functional exercises, which has the virtue of effective fixation without a second surgery to remove fixation. It is believed to be a good method for the treatment of olecranon fractures. Related Articles | Metrics

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Xenographic bone graft materials safely prepared by compound surfactant Chen Lei, Sun Lei, Tao Jian-feng, Jiang Jian, Gao Xin-sheng, Jie Yong-sheng, Tian Wei 2010, 14 (8):  1499-1503.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.041 Abstract ( 163 )   PDF (323KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: Effect of acellular surfactant and biological safety of bone graft materials highly correlated with selection of surfactant; therefore, a novel compound surfactant was used to prepare acellular bone graft materials in this study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate acellular effect and biological safety of bio-derived bone tissue treated by a novel surfactant in order to obtain a safe and reliable bone graft material. METHODS: Surfactant was prepared with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), anionic surfactant sodium fatty alcohol ether sulfate (AES) and distilled water at the ratio of 13:7:80. Fresh bovine cancellous bone and surfactant which was used to remove cells and lipid by two-step flow were used to prepare a novel bio-derived bone graft material. The histological and microscopic observations of microstructure were made. Also acute body toxicity test, hematolysis experiment, cell toxicity test and biological safety were assessed on surfactant-treated bio-derived bone graft material (STBB). A long-term animal experiment was conducted to observe the biocompatibility and biodegradability of STBB. The ultraviolet dispersion of light luminosity method was employed to measure the residual amount of surfactant in STBB. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: STBB was a whitish porous cancellous bone. No cell was found in bone lacuna, bone canaliculus was empty, and the collagen fiber had an order arrangement. Acute body toxicity test was qualified according to GB/T16886.11-1997 standard, hematolysis experiment was < 5%, and cell toxicity test was grade 0, confirming that STBB was safe. The remaining surfactant in STBB was lower than 0.1 g/L. The long-term animal experiment demonstrated that fiber was present at 4 weeks, bone lacuna had cellular growth and the fusion of STBB and host appeared. The STBB was partial absorbed by organism at 8 weeks and completely absorbed at 24 hours. The results indicated that STBB had an excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. As a new bone implant material, STBB was safe and dependable for transplantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Flexural strength of denture bases repaired with metal wires Comparison among different amounts of metal wires Lin Ying-hui, Sun Gui-lan 2010, 14 (8):  1504-1507.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.042 Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (305KB) ( 452 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly methyl methyacrylate (PMMA) has been widely used as a denture base material in dental field for a long time. However, the fracture of acrylic resin dentures is an unresolved problem in prosthodontics. Therefore, how to improve the flexural strength of repaired denture seems to be extremely important. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of embedding different amounts of metal wires on the flexural strength of repaired denture bases. METHODS: Twenty-five rectangular specimens (50 mm × 30 mm × 2.5 mm) were fabricated using heat-cured acrylic resins and randomly and evenly divided into five groups: A, B, C, D, and E. All specimens were fractured through the use of universal testing machine, and the flexural strengths were tested. Following preparation of fracture surfaces, one to four metal wires were separately embedded in the groups B, C, D, and E. No metal wires were embedded in the group A. All fractured specimens were repaired using self-curing resins. The flexural strengths were measured again using the same testing machine, and the percentages of strength recovery were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After repair, the flexural strengths were obviously reduced (P < 0.01). Compared to group A, the percentages of strength recovery were significantly increased in groups C, D, and E (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the percentage of strength recovery among groups C, D, and E (P > 0.05). These results indicate that embedding two to four metal wires can improve the flexural strength of denture bases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of tissue engineered bone and in vivo osteogenesis using alginate and xenograft bone composite technology Sun Lei,Meng Guo-lin,Chen Lei,Tao Jian-feng,Jiang Jian,Zhang Bo-qing,Dou Yu-sheng,Xu Jian-qiang, Liu Dan-ping,Hu Yun-yu,Zhang Zhong-wen 2010, 14 (8):  1508-1512.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.043 Abstract ( 204 )   PDF (938KB) ( 361 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alginic acid has a relatively mild gel condition and good biocompatibility, and it has been widely used in bio-tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE: To construct bone tissue engineering scaffolds using alginate gel composite bone xenograft approach, and to observe the cell biological properties and in vivo osteogenic potential in scaffolds. METHODS: The bone marrow was harvested from two 2-week-old New Zealand rabbits, 1×10-8 mol/L recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 was used to induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at the second generation were incubated into 1% sodium alginate gel, after cultured for 4 days, the cell morphology in gel was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at the second generation were divided into simple DMEM gel group and DMEM containing 1% sodium alginate gel group, followed by a culture of 7 days. Then bone morphogenic protein-2 immunohistochemical staining was performed. A total of 24 nude mice were randomly divided into two groups, both sides of the thigh muscle pockets were implanted with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/alginate gel/bovine cancellous bone complex as an experimental group, with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells/bovine cancellous bone as a control group. At 2 and 4 weeks post-operation, the osteogenesis in the composite was observed by histological examination, the percentage area of new bone or cartilage was determined using image analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the sodium alginate gel exhibited a well-stacked morphology, they suspended in a gel, showing cell division and mitosis phase. In the simple DMEM gel group and DMEM gel containing 1% sodium alginate group, the immunohistochemical results showed that, cell division and proliferation were normal, with prominence at a variety of forms, large nucleus, and clear nucleolus. The bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression had no significant difference between the simple DMEM gel group and DMEM gel containing 1% sodium alginate group (P > 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that, the alginate gel evenly composited in bovine cancellous bone micropores, cell grew at different planes. Animal experiments showed that there were significant differences regarding the percentage of new bone or cartilage area between the experimental group and control group at 2 and 4 weeks postoperation (P < 0.05). It is indicated that constructing bone tissue engineering scaffolds by using alginate gel/bovine cancellous bone, complies with the ultra-structural principle of tissue engineering scaffolds, can maximize the cell loads, achieve good bio-performance, without adverse affects on the proliferation, osteogenic phenotype and related biological properties of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, the in vivo osteogenic efficiency was high.  Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 as bone repair material Yang Meng, Chen Min-fang, Wang Hao, Li Chang-yi 2010, 14 (8):  1513-1516.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.044 Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (616KB) ( 445 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nanohydroxyapatite reinforced polyamide 66 (n-HA/PA66) prepared using the novel process based on nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) sol may promote the biocompatibility due to the well distribution of n-HA in the polyamide66 (PA66) matrix and chemical bond at organic-inorganic interface. n-HA/PA66 composite has been proposed as a promising bone repair biomaterial. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of the novel material both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Primarily cultured osteoblasts were co-cultured with n-HA/PA66 and PA66. The cell attachment and morphology were studied using phase contrast light microscope (PCLM) and field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Moreover, n-HA/PA66 pins, with PA66 pins as control, were implanted into the right and left (control group) shinbone shafts of the rabbits, respectively. Materials were harvested at weeks 2, 8 and tissue sections were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: n-HA/PA66 and PA66 exhibited no cytotoxicity with osteoblasts, while the cellular morphology near the samples was better in the test group than in the control one. Moreover, the cell density attached on n-HA/PA66 was higher than that on PA66 and the cell number were especially different after co-culturing for 3 days (P < 0.01). The osteoblasts at the interface between the host bone and n-HA/PA66 also had a higher activity during the earlier period after implantation. Meanwhile the bone formation process was faster and effective in the experimental group. Results suggested that n-HA/PA66 prepared base on the n-HA sol has a better biocompatibility as compared with PA66. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro blood compatibility of polyacrylamide grafted polypropylene membrane Zhao Zhi-ming, Peng Cheng-hong, Han Bao-san, Gao Chang-you 2010, 14 (8):  1517-1520.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.08.045 Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (331KB) ( 480 )   Save BACKGROUND: Contacting with blood, most of polymer materials lead to different extents of blood coagulation, which limits their clinical application. Therefore, developing polymer materials with excellent anticoagulant property has become a key to clinical study of bioartificial liver materials. OBJECTIVE: To in vitro detect the blood compatibility of polyacrylamide grafted polypropylene (PP) membrane (PP-g-AAm), a novel artificial liver reactor material. METHODS: Prior to and after modification, hemolytic test, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time tests of PP membrane were performed; blood platelet CD62P and CD63 expression rates were determined by flow cytometry, and platelet adhesion on PP and PP-g-AAm membranes by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The hemolysis ratio of PP and PP-g-AAm membranes was 1.32% and 1.46%, respectively. Compared with PP-g-AAm membrane, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time of PP membrane were markedly shorter (P < 0.05). CD62P and CD63 expression rates in the PP-g-AAm membrane were significantly lower than PP membrane (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscopy results revealed that there were obvious changes of platelets adhering to these two membranes, but platelets adhering to PP-g-AAm membrane were fewer than PP membrane. These results indicate that PP-g-AAm membrane exhibits good blood compatibility. Related Articles | Metrics